Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0REC-xml-REC-xml-REC-xml-REC-xml-REC-xml-REC-xml-REC-xml-REC-xml-1998021019980210199802101998021019980210199802101998021019980210W3C RecommendationW3C RecommendationW3C RecommendationW3C RecommendationW3C RecommendationW3C RecommendationW3C RecommendationW3C Recommendation1010101010101010FebruaryFebruaryFebruaryFebruaryFebruaryFebruaryFebruaryFebruary19981998199819981998199819981998
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-1998021019980210199802101998021019980210199802101998021019980210
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-1998021019980210199802101998021019980210199802101998021019980210.xml.xml.xml.xml.xml.xml.xml.xml
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-1998021019980210199802101998021019980210199802101998021019980210.html.html.html.html.html.html.html.html
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-1998021019980210199802101998021019980210199802101998021019980210.pdf.pdf.pdf.pdf.pdf.pdf.pdf.pdf
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-1998021019980210199802101998021019980210199802101998021019980210.ps.ps.ps.ps.ps.ps.ps.ps
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xmlhttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xmlhttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xmlhttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xmlhttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xmlhttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xmlhttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xmlhttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml
http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-xml-971208http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-xml-971208http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-xml-971208http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-xml-971208http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-xml-971208http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-xml-971208http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-xml-971208http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-xml-971208Tim BrayTim BrayTim BrayTim BrayTim BrayTim BrayTim BrayTim BrayTextuality and NetscapeTextuality and NetscapeTextuality and NetscapeTextuality and NetscapeTextuality and NetscapeTextuality and NetscapeTextuality and NetscapeTextuality and Netscapetbray@textuality.comtbray@textuality.comtbray@textuality.comtbray@textuality.comtbray@textuality.comtbray@textuality.comtbray@textuality.comtbray@textuality.comJean PaoliJean PaoliJean PaoliJean PaoliJean PaoliJean PaoliJean PaoliJean PaoliMicrosoftMicrosoftMicrosoftMicrosoftMicrosoftMicrosoftMicrosoftMicrosoftjeanpa@microsoft.comjeanpa@microsoft.comjeanpa@microsoft.comjeanpa@microsoft.comjeanpa@microsoft.comjeanpa@microsoft.comjeanpa@microsoft.comjeanpa@microsoft.comC. M. Sperberg-McQueenC. M. Sperberg-McQueenC. M. Sperberg-McQueenC. M. Sperberg-McQueenC. M. Sperberg-McQueenC. M. Sperberg-McQueenC. M. Sperberg-McQueenC. M. Sperberg-McQueenUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoUniversity of Illinois at Chicagocmsmcq@uic.educmsmcq@uic.educmsmcq@uic.educmsmcq@uic.educmsmcq@uic.educmsmcq@uic.educmsmcq@uic.educmsmcq@uic.edu
The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset ofThe Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset ofThe Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset ofThe Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset ofThe Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset ofThe Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset ofThe Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset ofThe Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of
SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is toSGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is toSGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is toSGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is toSGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is toSGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is toSGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is toSGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to
enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Webenable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Webenable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Webenable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Webenable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Webenable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Webenable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Webenable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web
in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML has been designed forin the way that is now possible with HTML. XML has been designed forin the way that is now possible with HTML. XML has been designed forin the way that is now possible with HTML. XML has been designed forin the way that is now possible with HTML. XML has been designed forin the way that is now possible with HTML. XML has been designed forin the way that is now possible with HTML. XML has been designed forin the way that is now possible with HTML. XML has been designed for
ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML andease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML andease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML andease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML andease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML andease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML andease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML andease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and
HTML.HTML.HTML.HTML.HTML.HTML.HTML.HTML.
This document has been reviewed by W3C Members andThis document has been reviewed by W3C Members andThis document has been reviewed by W3C Members andThis document has been reviewed by W3C Members andThis document has been reviewed by W3C Members andThis document has been reviewed by W3C Members andThis document has been reviewed by W3C Members andThis document has been reviewed by W3C Members and
other interested parties and has been endorsed by theother interested parties and has been endorsed by theother interested parties and has been endorsed by theother interested parties and has been endorsed by theother interested parties and has been endorsed by theother interested parties and has been endorsed by theother interested parties and has been endorsed by theother interested parties and has been endorsed by the
Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stableDirector as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stableDirector as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stableDirector as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stableDirector as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stableDirector as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stableDirector as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stableDirector as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable
document and may be used as reference material or citeddocument and may be used as reference material or citeddocument and may be used as reference material or citeddocument and may be used as reference material or citeddocument and may be used as reference material or citeddocument and may be used as reference material or citeddocument and may be used as reference material or citeddocument and may be used as reference material or cited
as a normative reference from another document. W3C'sas a normative reference from another document. W3C'sas a normative reference from another document. W3C'sas a normative reference from another document. W3C'sas a normative reference from another document. W3C'sas a normative reference from another document. W3C'sas a normative reference from another document. W3C'sas a normative reference from another document. W3C's
role in making the Recommendation is to draw attentionrole in making the Recommendation is to draw attentionrole in making the Recommendation is to draw attentionrole in making the Recommendation is to draw attentionrole in making the Recommendation is to draw attentionrole in making the Recommendation is to draw attentionrole in making the Recommendation is to draw attentionrole in making the Recommendation is to draw attention
to the specification and to promote its widespreadto the specification and to promote its widespreadto the specification and to promote its widespreadto the specification and to promote its widespreadto the specification and to promote its widespreadto the specification and to promote its widespreadto the specification and to promote its widespreadto the specification and to promote its widespread
deployment. This enhances the functionality anddeployment. This enhances the functionality anddeployment. This enhances the functionality anddeployment. This enhances the functionality anddeployment. This enhances the functionality anddeployment. This enhances the functionality anddeployment. This enhances the functionality anddeployment. This enhances the functionality and
interoperability of the Web.interoperability of the Web.interoperability of the Web.interoperability of the Web.interoperability of the Web.interoperability of the Web.interoperability of the Web.interoperability of the Web.
This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing,This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing,This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing,This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing,This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing,This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing,This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing,This document specifies a syntax created by subsetting an existing,
widely used international text processing standard (Standardwidely used international text processing standard (Standardwidely used international text processing standard (Standardwidely used international text processing standard (Standardwidely used international text processing standard (Standardwidely used international text processing standard (Standardwidely used international text processing standard (Standardwidely used international text processing standard (Standard
Generalized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended andGeneralized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended andGeneralized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended andGeneralized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended andGeneralized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended andGeneralized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended andGeneralized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended andGeneralized Markup Language, ISO 8879:1986(E) as amended and
corrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It is a product of the W3Ccorrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It is a product of the W3Ccorrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It is a product of the W3Ccorrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It is a product of the W3Ccorrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It is a product of the W3Ccorrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It is a product of the W3Ccorrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It is a product of the W3Ccorrected) for use on the World Wide Web. It is a product of the W3C
XML Activity, details of which can be found at XML Activity, details of which can be found at XML Activity, details of which can be found at XML Activity, details of which can be found at XML Activity, details of which can be found at XML Activity, details of which can be found at XML Activity, details of which can be found at XML Activity, details of which can be found at http://www.w3.org/XMLhttp://www.w3.org/XMLhttp://www.w3.org/XMLhttp://www.w3.org/XMLhttp://www.w3.org/XMLhttp://www.w3.org/XMLhttp://www.w3.org/XMLhttp://www.w3.org/XML. A list of. A list of. A list of. A list of. A list of. A list of. A list of. A list of
current W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be foundcurrent W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be foundcurrent W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be foundcurrent W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be foundcurrent W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be foundcurrent W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be foundcurrent W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be foundcurrent W3C Recommendations and other technical documents can be found
at at at at at at at at http://www.w3.org/TRhttp://www.w3.org/TRhttp://www.w3.org/TRhttp://www.w3.org/TRhttp://www.w3.org/TRhttp://www.w3.org/TRhttp://www.w3.org/TRhttp://www.w3.org/TR........
This specification uses the term URI, which is defined by This specification uses the term URI, which is defined by This specification uses the term URI, which is defined by This specification uses the term URI, which is defined by This specification uses the term URI, which is defined by This specification uses the term URI, which is defined by This specification uses the term URI, which is defined by This specification uses the term URI, which is defined by , a work in progress expected to update , a work in progress expected to update , a work in progress expected to update , a work in progress expected to update , a work in progress expected to update , a work in progress expected to update , a work in progress expected to update , a work in progress expected to update and and and and and and and and . . . . . . . .
The list of known errors in this specification is The list of known errors in this specification is The list of known errors in this specification is The list of known errors in this specification is The list of known errors in this specification is The list of known errors in this specification is The list of known errors in this specification is The list of known errors in this specification is
available at available at available at available at available at available at available at available at
http://www.w3.org/XML/xml-19980210-erratahttp://www.w3.org/XML/xml-19980210-erratahttp://www.w3.org/XML/xml-19980210-erratahttp://www.w3.org/XML/xml-19980210-erratahttp://www.w3.org/XML/xml-19980210-erratahttp://www.w3.org/XML/xml-19980210-erratahttp://www.w3.org/XML/xml-19980210-erratahttp://www.w3.org/XML/xml-19980210-errata........
Please report errors in this document to Please report errors in this document to Please report errors in this document to Please report errors in this document to Please report errors in this document to Please report errors in this document to Please report errors in this document to Please report errors in this document to
xml-editor@w3.orgxml-editor@w3.orgxml-editor@w3.orgxml-editor@w3.orgxml-editor@w3.orgxml-editor@w3.orgxml-editor@w3.orgxml-editor@w3.org........
Chicago, Vancouver, Mountain View, et al.:Chicago, Vancouver, Mountain View, et al.:Chicago, Vancouver, Mountain View, et al.:Chicago, Vancouver, Mountain View, et al.:Chicago, Vancouver, Mountain View, et al.:Chicago, Vancouver, Mountain View, et al.:Chicago, Vancouver, Mountain View, et al.:Chicago, Vancouver, Mountain View, et al.:
World-Wide Web Consortium, XML Working Group, 1996, 1997.World-Wide Web Consortium, XML Working Group, 1996, 1997.World-Wide Web Consortium, XML Working Group, 1996, 1997.World-Wide Web Consortium, XML Working Group, 1996, 1997.World-Wide Web Consortium, XML Working Group, 1996, 1997.World-Wide Web Consortium, XML Working Group, 1996, 1997.World-Wide Web Consortium, XML Working Group, 1996, 1997.World-Wide Web Consortium, XML Working Group, 1996, 1997.
Created in electronic form.Created in electronic form.Created in electronic form.Created in electronic form.Created in electronic form.Created in electronic form.Created in electronic form.Created in electronic form.
EnglishEnglishEnglishEnglishEnglishEnglishEnglishEnglishExtended Backus-Naur Form (formal grammar)Extended Backus-Naur Form (formal grammar)Extended Backus-Naur Form (formal grammar)Extended Backus-Naur Form (formal grammar)Extended Backus-Naur Form (formal grammar)Extended Backus-Naur Form (formal grammar)Extended Backus-Naur Form (formal grammar)Extended Backus-Naur Form (formal grammar)1997-12-03 : CMSMcQ : yet further changes1997-12-03 : CMSMcQ : yet further changes1997-12-03 : CMSMcQ : yet further changes1997-12-03 : CMSMcQ : yet further changes1997-12-03 : CMSMcQ : yet further changes1997-12-03 : CMSMcQ : yet further changes1997-12-03 : CMSMcQ : yet further changes1997-12-03 : CMSMcQ : yet further changes1997-12-02 : TB : further changes (see TB to XML WG,1997-12-02 : TB : further changes (see TB to XML WG,1997-12-02 : TB : further changes (see TB to XML WG,1997-12-02 : TB : further changes (see TB to XML WG,1997-12-02 : TB : further changes (see TB to XML WG,1997-12-02 : TB : further changes (see TB to XML WG,1997-12-02 : TB : further changes (see TB to XML WG,1997-12-02 : TB : further changes (see TB to XML WG,
2 December 1997)2 December 1997)2 December 1997)2 December 1997)2 December 1997)2 December 1997)2 December 1997)2 December 1997)1997-12-02 : CMSMcQ : deal with as many corrections and1997-12-02 : CMSMcQ : deal with as many corrections and1997-12-02 : CMSMcQ : deal with as many corrections and1997-12-02 : CMSMcQ : deal with as many corrections and1997-12-02 : CMSMcQ : deal with as many corrections and1997-12-02 : CMSMcQ : deal with as many corrections and1997-12-02 : CMSMcQ : deal with as many corrections and1997-12-02 : CMSMcQ : deal with as many corrections and
comments from the proofreaders as possible:comments from the proofreaders as possible:comments from the proofreaders as possible:comments from the proofreaders as possible:comments from the proofreaders as possible:comments from the proofreaders as possible:comments from the proofreaders as possible:comments from the proofreaders as possible:
entify hard-coded document date in pubdate element,entify hard-coded document date in pubdate element,entify hard-coded document date in pubdate element,entify hard-coded document date in pubdate element,entify hard-coded document date in pubdate element,entify hard-coded document date in pubdate element,entify hard-coded document date in pubdate element,entify hard-coded document date in pubdate element,
change expansion of entity WebSGML,change expansion of entity WebSGML,change expansion of entity WebSGML,change expansion of entity WebSGML,change expansion of entity WebSGML,change expansion of entity WebSGML,change expansion of entity WebSGML,change expansion of entity WebSGML,
update status description as per Dan Connolly (am not sureupdate status description as per Dan Connolly (am not sureupdate status description as per Dan Connolly (am not sureupdate status description as per Dan Connolly (am not sureupdate status description as per Dan Connolly (am not sureupdate status description as per Dan Connolly (am not sureupdate status description as per Dan Connolly (am not sureupdate status description as per Dan Connolly (am not sure
about refernece to Berners-Lee et al.),about refernece to Berners-Lee et al.),about refernece to Berners-Lee et al.),about refernece to Berners-Lee et al.),about refernece to Berners-Lee et al.),about refernece to Berners-Lee et al.),about refernece to Berners-Lee et al.),about refernece to Berners-Lee et al.),
add 'The' to abstract as per WG decision,add 'The' to abstract as per WG decision,add 'The' to abstract as per WG decision,add 'The' to abstract as per WG decision,add 'The' to abstract as per WG decision,add 'The' to abstract as per WG decision,add 'The' to abstract as per WG decision,add 'The' to abstract as per WG decision,
move Relationship to Existing Standards to back matter andmove Relationship to Existing Standards to back matter andmove Relationship to Existing Standards to back matter andmove Relationship to Existing Standards to back matter andmove Relationship to Existing Standards to back matter andmove Relationship to Existing Standards to back matter andmove Relationship to Existing Standards to back matter andmove Relationship to Existing Standards to back matter and
combine with References,combine with References,combine with References,combine with References,combine with References,combine with References,combine with References,combine with References,
re-order back matter so normative appendices come first,re-order back matter so normative appendices come first,re-order back matter so normative appendices come first,re-order back matter so normative appendices come first,re-order back matter so normative appendices come first,re-order back matter so normative appendices come first,re-order back matter so normative appendices come first,re-order back matter so normative appendices come first,
re-tag back matter so informative appendices are tagged informdiv1,re-tag back matter so informative appendices are tagged informdiv1,re-tag back matter so informative appendices are tagged informdiv1,re-tag back matter so informative appendices are tagged informdiv1,re-tag back matter so informative appendices are tagged informdiv1,re-tag back matter so informative appendices are tagged informdiv1,re-tag back matter so informative appendices are tagged informdiv1,re-tag back matter so informative appendices are tagged informdiv1,
remove XXX XXX from list of 'normative' specs in prose,remove XXX XXX from list of 'normative' specs in prose,remove XXX XXX from list of 'normative' specs in prose,remove XXX XXX from list of 'normative' specs in prose,remove XXX XXX from list of 'normative' specs in prose,remove XXX XXX from list of 'normative' specs in prose,remove XXX XXX from list of 'normative' specs in prose,remove XXX XXX from list of 'normative' specs in prose,
move some references from Other References to Normative References,move some references from Other References to Normative References,move some references from Other References to Normative References,move some references from Other References to Normative References,move some references from Other References to Normative References,move some references from Other References to Normative References,move some references from Other References to Normative References,move some references from Other References to Normative References,
add RFC 1738, 1808, and 2141 to Other References (they are notadd RFC 1738, 1808, and 2141 to Other References (they are notadd RFC 1738, 1808, and 2141 to Other References (they are notadd RFC 1738, 1808, and 2141 to Other References (they are notadd RFC 1738, 1808, and 2141 to Other References (they are notadd RFC 1738, 1808, and 2141 to Other References (they are notadd RFC 1738, 1808, and 2141 to Other References (they are notadd RFC 1738, 1808, and 2141 to Other References (they are not
normative since we do not require the processor to enforce any normative since we do not require the processor to enforce any normative since we do not require the processor to enforce any normative since we do not require the processor to enforce any normative since we do not require the processor to enforce any normative since we do not require the processor to enforce any normative since we do not require the processor to enforce any normative since we do not require the processor to enforce any
rules based on them),rules based on them),rules based on them),rules based on them),rules based on them),rules based on them),rules based on them),rules based on them),
add reference to 'Fielding draft' (Berners-Lee et al.),add reference to 'Fielding draft' (Berners-Lee et al.),add reference to 'Fielding draft' (Berners-Lee et al.),add reference to 'Fielding draft' (Berners-Lee et al.),add reference to 'Fielding draft' (Berners-Lee et al.),add reference to 'Fielding draft' (Berners-Lee et al.),add reference to 'Fielding draft' (Berners-Lee et al.),add reference to 'Fielding draft' (Berners-Lee et al.),
move notation section to end of body,move notation section to end of body,move notation section to end of body,move notation section to end of body,move notation section to end of body,move notation section to end of body,move notation section to end of body,move notation section to end of body,
drop URIchar non-terminal and use SkipLit instead,drop URIchar non-terminal and use SkipLit instead,drop URIchar non-terminal and use SkipLit instead,drop URIchar non-terminal and use SkipLit instead,drop URIchar non-terminal and use SkipLit instead,drop URIchar non-terminal and use SkipLit instead,drop URIchar non-terminal and use SkipLit instead,drop URIchar non-terminal and use SkipLit instead,
lose stray reference to defunct nonterminal 'markupdecls',lose stray reference to defunct nonterminal 'markupdecls',lose stray reference to defunct nonterminal 'markupdecls',lose stray reference to defunct nonterminal 'markupdecls',lose stray reference to defunct nonterminal 'markupdecls',lose stray reference to defunct nonterminal 'markupdecls',lose stray reference to defunct nonterminal 'markupdecls',lose stray reference to defunct nonterminal 'markupdecls',
move reference to Aho et al. into appendix (Tim's right),move reference to Aho et al. into appendix (Tim's right),move reference to Aho et al. into appendix (Tim's right),move reference to Aho et al. into appendix (Tim's right),move reference to Aho et al. into appendix (Tim's right),move reference to Aho et al. into appendix (Tim's right),move reference to Aho et al. into appendix (Tim's right),move reference to Aho et al. into appendix (Tim's right),
add prose note saying that hash marks and fragment identifiers areadd prose note saying that hash marks and fragment identifiers areadd prose note saying that hash marks and fragment identifiers areadd prose note saying that hash marks and fragment identifiers areadd prose note saying that hash marks and fragment identifiers areadd prose note saying that hash marks and fragment identifiers areadd prose note saying that hash marks and fragment identifiers areadd prose note saying that hash marks and fragment identifiers are
NOT part of the URI formally speaking, and are NOT legal in NOT part of the URI formally speaking, and are NOT legal in NOT part of the URI formally speaking, and are NOT legal in NOT part of the URI formally speaking, and are NOT legal in NOT part of the URI formally speaking, and are NOT legal in NOT part of the URI formally speaking, and are NOT legal in NOT part of the URI formally speaking, and are NOT legal in NOT part of the URI formally speaking, and are NOT legal in
system identifiers (processor 'may' signal an error).system identifiers (processor 'may' signal an error).system identifiers (processor 'may' signal an error).system identifiers (processor 'may' signal an error).system identifiers (processor 'may' signal an error).system identifiers (processor 'may' signal an error).system identifiers (processor 'may' signal an error).system identifiers (processor 'may' signal an error).
Work through:Work through:Work through:Work through:Work through:Work through:Work through:Work through:
Tim Bray reacting to James Clark,Tim Bray reacting to James Clark,Tim Bray reacting to James Clark,Tim Bray reacting to James Clark,Tim Bray reacting to James Clark,Tim Bray reacting to James Clark,Tim Bray reacting to James Clark,Tim Bray reacting to James Clark,
Tim Bray on his own,Tim Bray on his own,Tim Bray on his own,Tim Bray on his own,Tim Bray on his own,Tim Bray on his own,Tim Bray on his own,Tim Bray on his own,
Eve Maler,Eve Maler,Eve Maler,Eve Maler,Eve Maler,Eve Maler,Eve Maler,Eve Maler,
NOT DONE YET:NOT DONE YET:NOT DONE YET:NOT DONE YET:NOT DONE YET:NOT DONE YET:NOT DONE YET:NOT DONE YET:
change binary / text to unparsed / parsed.change binary / text to unparsed / parsed.change binary / text to unparsed / parsed.change binary / text to unparsed / parsed.change binary / text to unparsed / parsed.change binary / text to unparsed / parsed.change binary / text to unparsed / parsed.change binary / text to unparsed / parsed.
handle James's suggestion about handle James's suggestion about handle James's suggestion about handle James's suggestion about handle James's suggestion about handle James's suggestion about handle James's suggestion about handle James's suggestion about <<<<<<<< in attriubte values in attriubte values in attriubte values in attriubte values in attriubte values in attriubte values in attriubte values in attriubte values
uppercase hex characters,uppercase hex characters,uppercase hex characters,uppercase hex characters,uppercase hex characters,uppercase hex characters,uppercase hex characters,uppercase hex characters,
namechar list,namechar list,namechar list,namechar list,namechar list,namechar list,namechar list,namechar list,
1997-12-01 : JB : add some column-width parameters1997-12-01 : JB : add some column-width parameters1997-12-01 : JB : add some column-width parameters1997-12-01 : JB : add some column-width parameters1997-12-01 : JB : add some column-width parameters1997-12-01 : JB : add some column-width parameters1997-12-01 : JB : add some column-width parameters1997-12-01 : JB : add some column-width parameters1997-12-01 : CMSMcQ : begin round of changes to incorporate1997-12-01 : CMSMcQ : begin round of changes to incorporate1997-12-01 : CMSMcQ : begin round of changes to incorporate1997-12-01 : CMSMcQ : begin round of changes to incorporate1997-12-01 : CMSMcQ : begin round of changes to incorporate1997-12-01 : CMSMcQ : begin round of changes to incorporate1997-12-01 : CMSMcQ : begin round of changes to incorporate1997-12-01 : CMSMcQ : begin round of changes to incorporate
recent WG decisions and other corrections:recent WG decisions and other corrections:recent WG decisions and other corrections:recent WG decisions and other corrections:recent WG decisions and other corrections:recent WG decisions and other corrections:recent WG decisions and other corrections:recent WG decisions and other corrections:
binding sources of character encoding info (27 Aug / 3 Sept),binding sources of character encoding info (27 Aug / 3 Sept),binding sources of character encoding info (27 Aug / 3 Sept),binding sources of character encoding info (27 Aug / 3 Sept),binding sources of character encoding info (27 Aug / 3 Sept),binding sources of character encoding info (27 Aug / 3 Sept),binding sources of character encoding info (27 Aug / 3 Sept),binding sources of character encoding info (27 Aug / 3 Sept),
correct wording of Faust quotation (restore dropped line),correct wording of Faust quotation (restore dropped line),correct wording of Faust quotation (restore dropped line),correct wording of Faust quotation (restore dropped line),correct wording of Faust quotation (restore dropped line),correct wording of Faust quotation (restore dropped line),correct wording of Faust quotation (restore dropped line),correct wording of Faust quotation (restore dropped line),
drop SDD from EncodingDecl,drop SDD from EncodingDecl,drop SDD from EncodingDecl,drop SDD from EncodingDecl,drop SDD from EncodingDecl,drop SDD from EncodingDecl,drop SDD from EncodingDecl,drop SDD from EncodingDecl,
change text at version number 1.0,change text at version number 1.0,change text at version number 1.0,change text at version number 1.0,change text at version number 1.0,change text at version number 1.0,change text at version number 1.0,change text at version number 1.0,
drop misleading (wrong!) sentence about ignorables and extenders,drop misleading (wrong!) sentence about ignorables and extenders,drop misleading (wrong!) sentence about ignorables and extenders,drop misleading (wrong!) sentence about ignorables and extenders,drop misleading (wrong!) sentence about ignorables and extenders,drop misleading (wrong!) sentence about ignorables and extenders,drop misleading (wrong!) sentence about ignorables and extenders,drop misleading (wrong!) sentence about ignorables and extenders,
modify definition of PCData to make bar on msc grammatical,modify definition of PCData to make bar on msc grammatical,modify definition of PCData to make bar on msc grammatical,modify definition of PCData to make bar on msc grammatical,modify definition of PCData to make bar on msc grammatical,modify definition of PCData to make bar on msc grammatical,modify definition of PCData to make bar on msc grammatical,modify definition of PCData to make bar on msc grammatical,
change grammar's handling of internal subset (drop non-terminal markupdecls),change grammar's handling of internal subset (drop non-terminal markupdecls),change grammar's handling of internal subset (drop non-terminal markupdecls),change grammar's handling of internal subset (drop non-terminal markupdecls),change grammar's handling of internal subset (drop non-terminal markupdecls),change grammar's handling of internal subset (drop non-terminal markupdecls),change grammar's handling of internal subset (drop non-terminal markupdecls),change grammar's handling of internal subset (drop non-terminal markupdecls),
change definition of includeSect to allow conditional sections,change definition of includeSect to allow conditional sections,change definition of includeSect to allow conditional sections,change definition of includeSect to allow conditional sections,change definition of includeSect to allow conditional sections,change definition of includeSect to allow conditional sections,change definition of includeSect to allow conditional sections,change definition of includeSect to allow conditional sections,
add integral-declaration constraint on internal subset,add integral-declaration constraint on internal subset,add integral-declaration constraint on internal subset,add integral-declaration constraint on internal subset,add integral-declaration constraint on internal subset,add integral-declaration constraint on internal subset,add integral-declaration constraint on internal subset,add integral-declaration constraint on internal subset,
drop misleading / dangerous sentence about relationship ofdrop misleading / dangerous sentence about relationship ofdrop misleading / dangerous sentence about relationship ofdrop misleading / dangerous sentence about relationship ofdrop misleading / dangerous sentence about relationship ofdrop misleading / dangerous sentence about relationship ofdrop misleading / dangerous sentence about relationship ofdrop misleading / dangerous sentence about relationship of
entities with system storage objects,entities with system storage objects,entities with system storage objects,entities with system storage objects,entities with system storage objects,entities with system storage objects,entities with system storage objects,entities with system storage objects,
change table body tag to htbody as per EM change to DTD,change table body tag to htbody as per EM change to DTD,change table body tag to htbody as per EM change to DTD,change table body tag to htbody as per EM change to DTD,change table body tag to htbody as per EM change to DTD,change table body tag to htbody as per EM change to DTD,change table body tag to htbody as per EM change to DTD,change table body tag to htbody as per EM change to DTD,
add rule about space normalization in public identifiers,add rule about space normalization in public identifiers,add rule about space normalization in public identifiers,add rule about space normalization in public identifiers,add rule about space normalization in public identifiers,add rule about space normalization in public identifiers,add rule about space normalization in public identifiers,add rule about space normalization in public identifiers,
add description of how to generate our name-space rules from add description of how to generate our name-space rules from add description of how to generate our name-space rules from add description of how to generate our name-space rules from add description of how to generate our name-space rules from add description of how to generate our name-space rules from add description of how to generate our name-space rules from add description of how to generate our name-space rules from
Unicode character database (needs further work!).Unicode character database (needs further work!).Unicode character database (needs further work!).Unicode character database (needs further work!).Unicode character database (needs further work!).Unicode character database (needs further work!).Unicode character database (needs further work!).Unicode character database (needs further work!).
1997-10-08 : TB : Removed %-constructs again, new rules1997-10-08 : TB : Removed %-constructs again, new rules1997-10-08 : TB : Removed %-constructs again, new rules1997-10-08 : TB : Removed %-constructs again, new rules1997-10-08 : TB : Removed %-constructs again, new rules1997-10-08 : TB : Removed %-constructs again, new rules1997-10-08 : TB : Removed %-constructs again, new rules1997-10-08 : TB : Removed %-constructs again, new rules
for PE appearance.for PE appearance.for PE appearance.for PE appearance.for PE appearance.for PE appearance.for PE appearance.for PE appearance.1997-10-01 : TB : Case-sensitive markup; cleaned up1997-10-01 : TB : Case-sensitive markup; cleaned up1997-10-01 : TB : Case-sensitive markup; cleaned up1997-10-01 : TB : Case-sensitive markup; cleaned up1997-10-01 : TB : Case-sensitive markup; cleaned up1997-10-01 : TB : Case-sensitive markup; cleaned up1997-10-01 : TB : Case-sensitive markup; cleaned up1997-10-01 : TB : Case-sensitive markup; cleaned up
element-type defs, lotsa little edits for styleelement-type defs, lotsa little edits for styleelement-type defs, lotsa little edits for styleelement-type defs, lotsa little edits for styleelement-type defs, lotsa little edits for styleelement-type defs, lotsa little edits for styleelement-type defs, lotsa little edits for styleelement-type defs, lotsa little edits for style1997-09-25 : TB : Change to elm's new DTD, with1997-09-25 : TB : Change to elm's new DTD, with1997-09-25 : TB : Change to elm's new DTD, with1997-09-25 : TB : Change to elm's new DTD, with1997-09-25 : TB : Change to elm's new DTD, with1997-09-25 : TB : Change to elm's new DTD, with1997-09-25 : TB : Change to elm's new DTD, with1997-09-25 : TB : Change to elm's new DTD, with
substantial detail cleanup as a side-effectsubstantial detail cleanup as a side-effectsubstantial detail cleanup as a side-effectsubstantial detail cleanup as a side-effectsubstantial detail cleanup as a side-effectsubstantial detail cleanup as a side-effectsubstantial detail cleanup as a side-effectsubstantial detail cleanup as a side-effect1997-07-24 : CMSMcQ : correct error (lost *) in definition 1997-07-24 : CMSMcQ : correct error (lost *) in definition 1997-07-24 : CMSMcQ : correct error (lost *) in definition 1997-07-24 : CMSMcQ : correct error (lost *) in definition 1997-07-24 : CMSMcQ : correct error (lost *) in definition 1997-07-24 : CMSMcQ : correct error (lost *) in definition 1997-07-24 : CMSMcQ : correct error (lost *) in definition 1997-07-24 : CMSMcQ : correct error (lost *) in definition
of ignoreSectContents (thanks to Makoto Murata)of ignoreSectContents (thanks to Makoto Murata)of ignoreSectContents (thanks to Makoto Murata)of ignoreSectContents (thanks to Makoto Murata)of ignoreSectContents (thanks to Makoto Murata)of ignoreSectContents (thanks to Makoto Murata)of ignoreSectContents (thanks to Makoto Murata)of ignoreSectContents (thanks to Makoto Murata)Allow all empty elements to have end-tags, consistent withAllow all empty elements to have end-tags, consistent withAllow all empty elements to have end-tags, consistent withAllow all empty elements to have end-tags, consistent withAllow all empty elements to have end-tags, consistent withAllow all empty elements to have end-tags, consistent withAllow all empty elements to have end-tags, consistent withAllow all empty elements to have end-tags, consistent with
SGML TC (as per JJC).SGML TC (as per JJC).SGML TC (as per JJC).SGML TC (as per JJC).SGML TC (as per JJC).SGML TC (as per JJC).SGML TC (as per JJC).SGML TC (as per JJC).1997-07-23 : CMSMcQ : pre-emptive strike on pending corrections:1997-07-23 : CMSMcQ : pre-emptive strike on pending corrections:1997-07-23 : CMSMcQ : pre-emptive strike on pending corrections:1997-07-23 : CMSMcQ : pre-emptive strike on pending corrections:1997-07-23 : CMSMcQ : pre-emptive strike on pending corrections:1997-07-23 : CMSMcQ : pre-emptive strike on pending corrections:1997-07-23 : CMSMcQ : pre-emptive strike on pending corrections:1997-07-23 : CMSMcQ : pre-emptive strike on pending corrections:
introduce the term 'empty-element tag', note that all empty elementsintroduce the term 'empty-element tag', note that all empty elementsintroduce the term 'empty-element tag', note that all empty elementsintroduce the term 'empty-element tag', note that all empty elementsintroduce the term 'empty-element tag', note that all empty elementsintroduce the term 'empty-element tag', note that all empty elementsintroduce the term 'empty-element tag', note that all empty elementsintroduce the term 'empty-element tag', note that all empty elements
may use it, and elements declared EMPTY must use it.may use it, and elements declared EMPTY must use it.may use it, and elements declared EMPTY must use it.may use it, and elements declared EMPTY must use it.may use it, and elements declared EMPTY must use it.may use it, and elements declared EMPTY must use it.may use it, and elements declared EMPTY must use it.may use it, and elements declared EMPTY must use it.
Add WFC requiring encoding decl to come first in an entity.Add WFC requiring encoding decl to come first in an entity.Add WFC requiring encoding decl to come first in an entity.Add WFC requiring encoding decl to come first in an entity.Add WFC requiring encoding decl to come first in an entity.Add WFC requiring encoding decl to come first in an entity.Add WFC requiring encoding decl to come first in an entity.Add WFC requiring encoding decl to come first in an entity.
Redefine notations to point to PIs as well as binary entities.Redefine notations to point to PIs as well as binary entities.Redefine notations to point to PIs as well as binary entities.Redefine notations to point to PIs as well as binary entities.Redefine notations to point to PIs as well as binary entities.Redefine notations to point to PIs as well as binary entities.Redefine notations to point to PIs as well as binary entities.Redefine notations to point to PIs as well as binary entities.
Change autodetection table by removing bytes 3 and 4 from Change autodetection table by removing bytes 3 and 4 from Change autodetection table by removing bytes 3 and 4 from Change autodetection table by removing bytes 3 and 4 from Change autodetection table by removing bytes 3 and 4 from Change autodetection table by removing bytes 3 and 4 from Change autodetection table by removing bytes 3 and 4 from Change autodetection table by removing bytes 3 and 4 from
examples with Byte Order Mark.examples with Byte Order Mark.examples with Byte Order Mark.examples with Byte Order Mark.examples with Byte Order Mark.examples with Byte Order Mark.examples with Byte Order Mark.examples with Byte Order Mark.
Add content model as a term and clarify that it applies to bothAdd content model as a term and clarify that it applies to bothAdd content model as a term and clarify that it applies to bothAdd content model as a term and clarify that it applies to bothAdd content model as a term and clarify that it applies to bothAdd content model as a term and clarify that it applies to bothAdd content model as a term and clarify that it applies to bothAdd content model as a term and clarify that it applies to both
mixed and element content.mixed and element content.mixed and element content.mixed and element content.mixed and element content.mixed and element content.mixed and element content.mixed and element content.
1997-06-30 : CMSMcQ : change date, some cosmetic changes,1997-06-30 : CMSMcQ : change date, some cosmetic changes,1997-06-30 : CMSMcQ : change date, some cosmetic changes,1997-06-30 : CMSMcQ : change date, some cosmetic changes,1997-06-30 : CMSMcQ : change date, some cosmetic changes,1997-06-30 : CMSMcQ : change date, some cosmetic changes,1997-06-30 : CMSMcQ : change date, some cosmetic changes,1997-06-30 : CMSMcQ : change date, some cosmetic changes,
changes to productions for choice, seq, Mixed, NotationType,changes to productions for choice, seq, Mixed, NotationType,changes to productions for choice, seq, Mixed, NotationType,changes to productions for choice, seq, Mixed, NotationType,changes to productions for choice, seq, Mixed, NotationType,changes to productions for choice, seq, Mixed, NotationType,changes to productions for choice, seq, Mixed, NotationType,changes to productions for choice, seq, Mixed, NotationType,
Enumeration. Follow James Clark's suggestion and prohibit Enumeration. Follow James Clark's suggestion and prohibit Enumeration. Follow James Clark's suggestion and prohibit Enumeration. Follow James Clark's suggestion and prohibit Enumeration. Follow James Clark's suggestion and prohibit Enumeration. Follow James Clark's suggestion and prohibit Enumeration. Follow James Clark's suggestion and prohibit Enumeration. Follow James Clark's suggestion and prohibit
conditional sections in internal subset. TO DO: simplifyconditional sections in internal subset. TO DO: simplifyconditional sections in internal subset. TO DO: simplifyconditional sections in internal subset. TO DO: simplifyconditional sections in internal subset. TO DO: simplifyconditional sections in internal subset. TO DO: simplifyconditional sections in internal subset. TO DO: simplifyconditional sections in internal subset. TO DO: simplify
production for ignored sections as a result, since we don't production for ignored sections as a result, since we don't production for ignored sections as a result, since we don't production for ignored sections as a result, since we don't production for ignored sections as a result, since we don't production for ignored sections as a result, since we don't production for ignored sections as a result, since we don't production for ignored sections as a result, since we don't
need to worry about parsers which don't expand PErefs findingneed to worry about parsers which don't expand PErefs findingneed to worry about parsers which don't expand PErefs findingneed to worry about parsers which don't expand PErefs findingneed to worry about parsers which don't expand PErefs findingneed to worry about parsers which don't expand PErefs findingneed to worry about parsers which don't expand PErefs findingneed to worry about parsers which don't expand PErefs finding
a conditional section.a conditional section.a conditional section.a conditional section.a conditional section.a conditional section.a conditional section.a conditional section.1997-06-29 : TB : various edits1997-06-29 : TB : various edits1997-06-29 : TB : various edits1997-06-29 : TB : various edits1997-06-29 : TB : various edits1997-06-29 : TB : various edits1997-06-29 : TB : various edits1997-06-29 : TB : various edits1997-06-29 : CMSMcQ : further changes:1997-06-29 : CMSMcQ : further changes:1997-06-29 : CMSMcQ : further changes:1997-06-29 : CMSMcQ : further changes:1997-06-29 : CMSMcQ : further changes:1997-06-29 : CMSMcQ : further changes:1997-06-29 : CMSMcQ : further changes:1997-06-29 : CMSMcQ : further changes:
Suppress old FINAL EDIT comments and some dead material.Suppress old FINAL EDIT comments and some dead material.Suppress old FINAL EDIT comments and some dead material.Suppress old FINAL EDIT comments and some dead material.Suppress old FINAL EDIT comments and some dead material.Suppress old FINAL EDIT comments and some dead material.Suppress old FINAL EDIT comments and some dead material.Suppress old FINAL EDIT comments and some dead material.
Revise occurrences of % in grammar to exploit Henry Thompson's pun,Revise occurrences of % in grammar to exploit Henry Thompson's pun,Revise occurrences of % in grammar to exploit Henry Thompson's pun,Revise occurrences of % in grammar to exploit Henry Thompson's pun,Revise occurrences of % in grammar to exploit Henry Thompson's pun,Revise occurrences of % in grammar to exploit Henry Thompson's pun,Revise occurrences of % in grammar to exploit Henry Thompson's pun,Revise occurrences of % in grammar to exploit Henry Thompson's pun,
especially markupdecl and attdef.especially markupdecl and attdef.especially markupdecl and attdef.especially markupdecl and attdef.especially markupdecl and attdef.especially markupdecl and attdef.especially markupdecl and attdef.especially markupdecl and attdef.
Remove RMD requirement relating to element content (?).Remove RMD requirement relating to element content (?).Remove RMD requirement relating to element content (?).Remove RMD requirement relating to element content (?).Remove RMD requirement relating to element content (?).Remove RMD requirement relating to element content (?).Remove RMD requirement relating to element content (?).Remove RMD requirement relating to element content (?).
1997-06-28 : CMSMcQ : Various changes for 1 July draft:1997-06-28 : CMSMcQ : Various changes for 1 July draft:1997-06-28 : CMSMcQ : Various changes for 1 July draft:1997-06-28 : CMSMcQ : Various changes for 1 July draft:1997-06-28 : CMSMcQ : Various changes for 1 July draft:1997-06-28 : CMSMcQ : Various changes for 1 July draft:1997-06-28 : CMSMcQ : Various changes for 1 July draft:1997-06-28 : CMSMcQ : Various changes for 1 July draft:
Add text for draconian error handling (introduceAdd text for draconian error handling (introduceAdd text for draconian error handling (introduceAdd text for draconian error handling (introduceAdd text for draconian error handling (introduceAdd text for draconian error handling (introduceAdd text for draconian error handling (introduceAdd text for draconian error handling (introduce
the term Fatal Error).the term Fatal Error).the term Fatal Error).the term Fatal Error).the term Fatal Error).the term Fatal Error).the term Fatal Error).the term Fatal Error).
RE deleta est (changing wording from RE deleta est (changing wording from RE deleta est (changing wording from RE deleta est (changing wording from RE deleta est (changing wording from RE deleta est (changing wording from RE deleta est (changing wording from RE deleta est (changing wording from
original announcement to restrict the requirement to validatingoriginal announcement to restrict the requirement to validatingoriginal announcement to restrict the requirement to validatingoriginal announcement to restrict the requirement to validatingoriginal announcement to restrict the requirement to validatingoriginal announcement to restrict the requirement to validatingoriginal announcement to restrict the requirement to validatingoriginal announcement to restrict the requirement to validating
parsers).parsers).parsers).parsers).parsers).parsers).parsers).parsers).
Tag definition of validating processor and link to it.Tag definition of validating processor and link to it.Tag definition of validating processor and link to it.Tag definition of validating processor and link to it.Tag definition of validating processor and link to it.Tag definition of validating processor and link to it.Tag definition of validating processor and link to it.Tag definition of validating processor and link to it.
Add colon as name character.Add colon as name character.Add colon as name character.Add colon as name character.Add colon as name character.Add colon as name character.Add colon as name character.Add colon as name character.
Change def of %operator.Change def of %operator.Change def of %operator.Change def of %operator.Change def of %operator.Change def of %operator.Change def of %operator.Change def of %operator.
Change standard definitions of lt, gt, amp.Change standard definitions of lt, gt, amp.Change standard definitions of lt, gt, amp.Change standard definitions of lt, gt, amp.Change standard definitions of lt, gt, amp.Change standard definitions of lt, gt, amp.Change standard definitions of lt, gt, amp.Change standard definitions of lt, gt, amp.
Strip leading zeros from #x00nn forms.Strip leading zeros from #x00nn forms.Strip leading zeros from #x00nn forms.Strip leading zeros from #x00nn forms.Strip leading zeros from #x00nn forms.Strip leading zeros from #x00nn forms.Strip leading zeros from #x00nn forms.Strip leading zeros from #x00nn forms.1997-04-02 : CMSMcQ : final corrections of editorial errors1997-04-02 : CMSMcQ : final corrections of editorial errors1997-04-02 : CMSMcQ : final corrections of editorial errors1997-04-02 : CMSMcQ : final corrections of editorial errors1997-04-02 : CMSMcQ : final corrections of editorial errors1997-04-02 : CMSMcQ : final corrections of editorial errors1997-04-02 : CMSMcQ : final corrections of editorial errors1997-04-02 : CMSMcQ : final corrections of editorial errors
found in last night's proofreading. Reverse course once more onfound in last night's proofreading. Reverse course once more onfound in last night's proofreading. Reverse course once more onfound in last night's proofreading. Reverse course once more onfound in last night's proofreading. Reverse course once more onfound in last night's proofreading. Reverse course once more onfound in last night's proofreading. Reverse course once more onfound in last night's proofreading. Reverse course once more on
well-formed: Webster's Second hyphenates it, and that's enoughwell-formed: Webster's Second hyphenates it, and that's enoughwell-formed: Webster's Second hyphenates it, and that's enoughwell-formed: Webster's Second hyphenates it, and that's enoughwell-formed: Webster's Second hyphenates it, and that's enoughwell-formed: Webster's Second hyphenates it, and that's enoughwell-formed: Webster's Second hyphenates it, and that's enoughwell-formed: Webster's Second hyphenates it, and that's enough
for me.for me.for me.for me.for me.for me.for me.for me.1997-04-01 : CMSMcQ : corrections from JJC, EM, HT, and self1997-04-01 : CMSMcQ : corrections from JJC, EM, HT, and self1997-04-01 : CMSMcQ : corrections from JJC, EM, HT, and self1997-04-01 : CMSMcQ : corrections from JJC, EM, HT, and self1997-04-01 : CMSMcQ : corrections from JJC, EM, HT, and self1997-04-01 : CMSMcQ : corrections from JJC, EM, HT, and self1997-04-01 : CMSMcQ : corrections from JJC, EM, HT, and self1997-04-01 : CMSMcQ : corrections from JJC, EM, HT, and self1997-03-31 : Tim Bray : many changes1997-03-31 : Tim Bray : many changes1997-03-31 : Tim Bray : many changes1997-03-31 : Tim Bray : many changes1997-03-31 : Tim Bray : many changes1997-03-31 : Tim Bray : many changes1997-03-31 : Tim Bray : many changes1997-03-31 : Tim Bray : many changes1997-03-29 : CMSMcQ : some Henry Thompson (on entity handling),1997-03-29 : CMSMcQ : some Henry Thompson (on entity handling),1997-03-29 : CMSMcQ : some Henry Thompson (on entity handling),1997-03-29 : CMSMcQ : some Henry Thompson (on entity handling),1997-03-29 : CMSMcQ : some Henry Thompson (on entity handling),1997-03-29 : CMSMcQ : some Henry Thompson (on entity handling),1997-03-29 : CMSMcQ : some Henry Thompson (on entity handling),1997-03-29 : CMSMcQ : some Henry Thompson (on entity handling),
some Charles Goldfarb, some ERB decisions (PE handling in miscellaneoussome Charles Goldfarb, some ERB decisions (PE handling in miscellaneoussome Charles Goldfarb, some ERB decisions (PE handling in miscellaneoussome Charles Goldfarb, some ERB decisions (PE handling in miscellaneoussome Charles Goldfarb, some ERB decisions (PE handling in miscellaneoussome Charles Goldfarb, some ERB decisions (PE handling in miscellaneoussome Charles Goldfarb, some ERB decisions (PE handling in miscellaneoussome Charles Goldfarb, some ERB decisions (PE handling in miscellaneous
declarations. Changed Ident element to accept def attribute.declarations. Changed Ident element to accept def attribute.declarations. Changed Ident element to accept def attribute.declarations. Changed Ident element to accept def attribute.declarations. Changed Ident element to accept def attribute.declarations. Changed Ident element to accept def attribute.declarations. Changed Ident element to accept def attribute.declarations. Changed Ident element to accept def attribute.
Allow normalization of Unicode characters. move def of systemliteralAllow normalization of Unicode characters. move def of systemliteralAllow normalization of Unicode characters. move def of systemliteralAllow normalization of Unicode characters. move def of systemliteralAllow normalization of Unicode characters. move def of systemliteralAllow normalization of Unicode characters. move def of systemliteralAllow normalization of Unicode characters. move def of systemliteralAllow normalization of Unicode characters. move def of systemliteral
into section on literals.into section on literals.into section on literals.into section on literals.into section on literals.into section on literals.into section on literals.into section on literals.1997-03-28 : CMSMcQ : make as many corrections as possible, from1997-03-28 : CMSMcQ : make as many corrections as possible, from1997-03-28 : CMSMcQ : make as many corrections as possible, from1997-03-28 : CMSMcQ : make as many corrections as possible, from1997-03-28 : CMSMcQ : make as many corrections as possible, from1997-03-28 : CMSMcQ : make as many corrections as possible, from1997-03-28 : CMSMcQ : make as many corrections as possible, from1997-03-28 : CMSMcQ : make as many corrections as possible, from
Terry Allen, Norbert Mikula, James Clark, Jon Bosak, Henry Thompson,Terry Allen, Norbert Mikula, James Clark, Jon Bosak, Henry Thompson,Terry Allen, Norbert Mikula, James Clark, Jon Bosak, Henry Thompson,Terry Allen, Norbert Mikula, James Clark, Jon Bosak, Henry Thompson,Terry Allen, Norbert Mikula, James Clark, Jon Bosak, Henry Thompson,Terry Allen, Norbert Mikula, James Clark, Jon Bosak, Henry Thompson,Terry Allen, Norbert Mikula, James Clark, Jon Bosak, Henry Thompson,Terry Allen, Norbert Mikula, James Clark, Jon Bosak, Henry Thompson,
Paul Grosso, and self. Among other things: give in on "well formed"Paul Grosso, and self. Among other things: give in on "well formed"Paul Grosso, and self. Among other things: give in on "well formed"Paul Grosso, and self. Among other things: give in on "well formed"Paul Grosso, and self. Among other things: give in on "well formed"Paul Grosso, and self. Among other things: give in on "well formed"Paul Grosso, and self. Among other things: give in on "well formed"Paul Grosso, and self. Among other things: give in on "well formed"
(Terry is right), tentatively rename QuotedCData as AttValue(Terry is right), tentatively rename QuotedCData as AttValue(Terry is right), tentatively rename QuotedCData as AttValue(Terry is right), tentatively rename QuotedCData as AttValue(Terry is right), tentatively rename QuotedCData as AttValue(Terry is right), tentatively rename QuotedCData as AttValue(Terry is right), tentatively rename QuotedCData as AttValue(Terry is right), tentatively rename QuotedCData as AttValue
and Literal as EntityValue to be more informative, since attributeand Literal as EntityValue to be more informative, since attributeand Literal as EntityValue to be more informative, since attributeand Literal as EntityValue to be more informative, since attributeand Literal as EntityValue to be more informative, since attributeand Literal as EntityValue to be more informative, since attributeand Literal as EntityValue to be more informative, since attributeand Literal as EntityValue to be more informative, since attribute
values are the values are the values are the values are the values are the values are the values are the values are the onlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonly place QuotedCData was used, and place QuotedCData was used, and place QuotedCData was used, and place QuotedCData was used, and place QuotedCData was used, and place QuotedCData was used, and place QuotedCData was used, and place QuotedCData was used, and
vice versa for entity text and Literal. (I'd call it Entity Text, vice versa for entity text and Literal. (I'd call it Entity Text, vice versa for entity text and Literal. (I'd call it Entity Text, vice versa for entity text and Literal. (I'd call it Entity Text, vice versa for entity text and Literal. (I'd call it Entity Text, vice versa for entity text and Literal. (I'd call it Entity Text, vice versa for entity text and Literal. (I'd call it Entity Text, vice versa for entity text and Literal. (I'd call it Entity Text,
but 8879 uses that name for both internal and external entities.)but 8879 uses that name for both internal and external entities.)but 8879 uses that name for both internal and external entities.)but 8879 uses that name for both internal and external entities.)but 8879 uses that name for both internal and external entities.)but 8879 uses that name for both internal and external entities.)but 8879 uses that name for both internal and external entities.)but 8879 uses that name for both internal and external entities.)1997-03-26 : CMSMcQ : resynch the two forks of this draft, reapply1997-03-26 : CMSMcQ : resynch the two forks of this draft, reapply1997-03-26 : CMSMcQ : resynch the two forks of this draft, reapply1997-03-26 : CMSMcQ : resynch the two forks of this draft, reapply1997-03-26 : CMSMcQ : resynch the two forks of this draft, reapply1997-03-26 : CMSMcQ : resynch the two forks of this draft, reapply1997-03-26 : CMSMcQ : resynch the two forks of this draft, reapply1997-03-26 : CMSMcQ : resynch the two forks of this draft, reapply
my changes dated 03-20 and 03-21. Normalize old 'may not' to 'must not'my changes dated 03-20 and 03-21. Normalize old 'may not' to 'must not'my changes dated 03-20 and 03-21. Normalize old 'may not' to 'must not'my changes dated 03-20 and 03-21. Normalize old 'may not' to 'must not'my changes dated 03-20 and 03-21. Normalize old 'may not' to 'must not'my changes dated 03-20 and 03-21. Normalize old 'may not' to 'must not'my changes dated 03-20 and 03-21. Normalize old 'may not' to 'must not'my changes dated 03-20 and 03-21. Normalize old 'may not' to 'must not'
except in the one case where it meant 'may or may not'.except in the one case where it meant 'may or may not'.except in the one case where it meant 'may or may not'.except in the one case where it meant 'may or may not'.except in the one case where it meant 'may or may not'.except in the one case where it meant 'may or may not'.except in the one case where it meant 'may or may not'.except in the one case where it meant 'may or may not'.1997-03-21 : TB : massive changes on plane flight from Chicago1997-03-21 : TB : massive changes on plane flight from Chicago1997-03-21 : TB : massive changes on plane flight from Chicago1997-03-21 : TB : massive changes on plane flight from Chicago1997-03-21 : TB : massive changes on plane flight from Chicago1997-03-21 : TB : massive changes on plane flight from Chicago1997-03-21 : TB : massive changes on plane flight from Chicago1997-03-21 : TB : massive changes on plane flight from Chicago
to Vancouverto Vancouverto Vancouverto Vancouverto Vancouverto Vancouverto Vancouverto Vancouver1997-03-21 : CMSMcQ : correct as many reported errors as possible.1997-03-21 : CMSMcQ : correct as many reported errors as possible.1997-03-21 : CMSMcQ : correct as many reported errors as possible.1997-03-21 : CMSMcQ : correct as many reported errors as possible.1997-03-21 : CMSMcQ : correct as many reported errors as possible.1997-03-21 : CMSMcQ : correct as many reported errors as possible.1997-03-21 : CMSMcQ : correct as many reported errors as possible.1997-03-21 : CMSMcQ : correct as many reported errors as possible.
1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : correct typos listed in CMSMcQ hand copy of spec.1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : correct typos listed in CMSMcQ hand copy of spec.1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : correct typos listed in CMSMcQ hand copy of spec.1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : correct typos listed in CMSMcQ hand copy of spec.1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : correct typos listed in CMSMcQ hand copy of spec.1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : correct typos listed in CMSMcQ hand copy of spec.1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : correct typos listed in CMSMcQ hand copy of spec.1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : correct typos listed in CMSMcQ hand copy of spec.1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : cosmetic changes preparatory to revision for1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : cosmetic changes preparatory to revision for1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : cosmetic changes preparatory to revision for1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : cosmetic changes preparatory to revision for1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : cosmetic changes preparatory to revision for1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : cosmetic changes preparatory to revision for1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : cosmetic changes preparatory to revision for1997-03-20 : CMSMcQ : cosmetic changes preparatory to revision for
WWW conference April 1997: restore some of the internal entity WWW conference April 1997: restore some of the internal entity WWW conference April 1997: restore some of the internal entity WWW conference April 1997: restore some of the internal entity WWW conference April 1997: restore some of the internal entity WWW conference April 1997: restore some of the internal entity WWW conference April 1997: restore some of the internal entity WWW conference April 1997: restore some of the internal entity
references (e.g. to docdate, etc.), change character xA0 to references (e.g. to docdate, etc.), change character xA0 to references (e.g. to docdate, etc.), change character xA0 to references (e.g. to docdate, etc.), change character xA0 to references (e.g. to docdate, etc.), change character xA0 to references (e.g. to docdate, etc.), change character xA0 to references (e.g. to docdate, etc.), change character xA0 to references (e.g. to docdate, etc.), change character xA0 to &&&&&&& nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;
and define nbsp as and define nbsp as and define nbsp as and define nbsp as and define nbsp as and define nbsp as and define nbsp as and define nbsp as &&&&&&& , and refill a lot of paragraphs for#160;, and refill a lot of paragraphs for#160;, and refill a lot of paragraphs for#160;, and refill a lot of paragraphs for#160;, and refill a lot of paragraphs for#160;, and refill a lot of paragraphs for#160;, and refill a lot of paragraphs for#160;, and refill a lot of paragraphs for
legibility.legibility.legibility.legibility.legibility.legibility.legibility.legibility.1996-11-12 : CMSMcQ : revise using Tim's edits:1996-11-12 : CMSMcQ : revise using Tim's edits:1996-11-12 : CMSMcQ : revise using Tim's edits:1996-11-12 : CMSMcQ : revise using Tim's edits:1996-11-12 : CMSMcQ : revise using Tim's edits:1996-11-12 : CMSMcQ : revise using Tim's edits:1996-11-12 : CMSMcQ : revise using Tim's edits:1996-11-12 : CMSMcQ : revise using Tim's edits:
Add list type of NUMBERED and change most lists either toAdd list type of NUMBERED and change most lists either toAdd list type of NUMBERED and change most lists either toAdd list type of NUMBERED and change most lists either toAdd list type of NUMBERED and change most lists either toAdd list type of NUMBERED and change most lists either toAdd list type of NUMBERED and change most lists either toAdd list type of NUMBERED and change most lists either to
BULLETS or to NUMBERED.BULLETS or to NUMBERED.BULLETS or to NUMBERED.BULLETS or to NUMBERED.BULLETS or to NUMBERED.BULLETS or to NUMBERED.BULLETS or to NUMBERED.BULLETS or to NUMBERED.
Suppress QuotedNames, Names (not used).Suppress QuotedNames, Names (not used).Suppress QuotedNames, Names (not used).Suppress QuotedNames, Names (not used).Suppress QuotedNames, Names (not used).Suppress QuotedNames, Names (not used).Suppress QuotedNames, Names (not used).Suppress QuotedNames, Names (not used).
Correct trivial-grammar doc type decl.Correct trivial-grammar doc type decl.Correct trivial-grammar doc type decl.Correct trivial-grammar doc type decl.Correct trivial-grammar doc type decl.Correct trivial-grammar doc type decl.Correct trivial-grammar doc type decl.Correct trivial-grammar doc type decl.
Rename 'marked section' as 'CDATA section' passim.Rename 'marked section' as 'CDATA section' passim.Rename 'marked section' as 'CDATA section' passim.Rename 'marked section' as 'CDATA section' passim.Rename 'marked section' as 'CDATA section' passim.Rename 'marked section' as 'CDATA section' passim.Rename 'marked section' as 'CDATA section' passim.Rename 'marked section' as 'CDATA section' passim.
Also edits from James Clark:Also edits from James Clark:Also edits from James Clark:Also edits from James Clark:Also edits from James Clark:Also edits from James Clark:Also edits from James Clark:Also edits from James Clark:
Define the set of characters from which [^abc] subtracts.Define the set of characters from which [^abc] subtracts.Define the set of characters from which [^abc] subtracts.Define the set of characters from which [^abc] subtracts.Define the set of characters from which [^abc] subtracts.Define the set of characters from which [^abc] subtracts.Define the set of characters from which [^abc] subtracts.Define the set of characters from which [^abc] subtracts.
Charref should use just [0-9] not Digit.Charref should use just [0-9] not Digit.Charref should use just [0-9] not Digit.Charref should use just [0-9] not Digit.Charref should use just [0-9] not Digit.Charref should use just [0-9] not Digit.Charref should use just [0-9] not Digit.Charref should use just [0-9] not Digit.
Location info needs cleaner treatment: remove? (ERBLocation info needs cleaner treatment: remove? (ERBLocation info needs cleaner treatment: remove? (ERBLocation info needs cleaner treatment: remove? (ERBLocation info needs cleaner treatment: remove? (ERBLocation info needs cleaner treatment: remove? (ERBLocation info needs cleaner treatment: remove? (ERBLocation info needs cleaner treatment: remove? (ERB
question).question).question).question).question).question).question).question).
One example of a PI has wrong pic.One example of a PI has wrong pic.One example of a PI has wrong pic.One example of a PI has wrong pic.One example of a PI has wrong pic.One example of a PI has wrong pic.One example of a PI has wrong pic.One example of a PI has wrong pic.
Clarify discussion of encoding names.Clarify discussion of encoding names.Clarify discussion of encoding names.Clarify discussion of encoding names.Clarify discussion of encoding names.Clarify discussion of encoding names.Clarify discussion of encoding names.Clarify discussion of encoding names.
Encoding failure should lead to unspecified results; don'tEncoding failure should lead to unspecified results; don'tEncoding failure should lead to unspecified results; don'tEncoding failure should lead to unspecified results; don'tEncoding failure should lead to unspecified results; don'tEncoding failure should lead to unspecified results; don'tEncoding failure should lead to unspecified results; don'tEncoding failure should lead to unspecified results; don't
prescribe error recovery.prescribe error recovery.prescribe error recovery.prescribe error recovery.prescribe error recovery.prescribe error recovery.prescribe error recovery.prescribe error recovery.
Don't require exposure of entity boundaries.Don't require exposure of entity boundaries.Don't require exposure of entity boundaries.Don't require exposure of entity boundaries.Don't require exposure of entity boundaries.Don't require exposure of entity boundaries.Don't require exposure of entity boundaries.Don't require exposure of entity boundaries.
Ignore white space in element content.Ignore white space in element content.Ignore white space in element content.Ignore white space in element content.Ignore white space in element content.Ignore white space in element content.Ignore white space in element content.Ignore white space in element content.
Reserve entity names of the form u-NNNN.Reserve entity names of the form u-NNNN.Reserve entity names of the form u-NNNN.Reserve entity names of the form u-NNNN.Reserve entity names of the form u-NNNN.Reserve entity names of the form u-NNNN.Reserve entity names of the form u-NNNN.Reserve entity names of the form u-NNNN.
Clarify relative URLs.Clarify relative URLs.Clarify relative URLs.Clarify relative URLs.Clarify relative URLs.Clarify relative URLs.Clarify relative URLs.Clarify relative URLs.
And some of my own:And some of my own:And some of my own:And some of my own:And some of my own:And some of my own:And some of my own:And some of my own:
Correct productions for content model: model cannotCorrect productions for content model: model cannotCorrect productions for content model: model cannotCorrect productions for content model: model cannotCorrect productions for content model: model cannotCorrect productions for content model: model cannotCorrect productions for content model: model cannotCorrect productions for content model: model cannot
consist of a name, so "elements ::= cp" is no good.consist of a name, so "elements ::= cp" is no good.consist of a name, so "elements ::= cp" is no good.consist of a name, so "elements ::= cp" is no good.consist of a name, so "elements ::= cp" is no good.consist of a name, so "elements ::= cp" is no good.consist of a name, so "elements ::= cp" is no good.consist of a name, so "elements ::= cp" is no good.
1996-11-11 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-11 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-11 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-11 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-11 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-11 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-11 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-11 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.
Add new rhs to entity declaration, for parameter entities.Add new rhs to entity declaration, for parameter entities.Add new rhs to entity declaration, for parameter entities.Add new rhs to entity declaration, for parameter entities.Add new rhs to entity declaration, for parameter entities.Add new rhs to entity declaration, for parameter entities.Add new rhs to entity declaration, for parameter entities.Add new rhs to entity declaration, for parameter entities.1996-11-10 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-10 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-10 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-10 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-10 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-10 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-10 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.1996-11-10 : CMSMcQ : revise for style.
Fix / complete section on names, characters.Fix / complete section on names, characters.Fix / complete section on names, characters.Fix / complete section on names, characters.Fix / complete section on names, characters.Fix / complete section on names, characters.Fix / complete section on names, characters.Fix / complete section on names, characters.
Add sections on parameter entities, conditional sections.Add sections on parameter entities, conditional sections.Add sections on parameter entities, conditional sections.Add sections on parameter entities, conditional sections.Add sections on parameter entities, conditional sections.Add sections on parameter entities, conditional sections.Add sections on parameter entities, conditional sections.Add sections on parameter entities, conditional sections.
Still to do: Add compatibility note on deterministic content models.Still to do: Add compatibility note on deterministic content models.Still to do: Add compatibility note on deterministic content models.Still to do: Add compatibility note on deterministic content models.Still to do: Add compatibility note on deterministic content models.Still to do: Add compatibility note on deterministic content models.Still to do: Add compatibility note on deterministic content models.Still to do: Add compatibility note on deterministic content models.
Finish stylistic revision.Finish stylistic revision.Finish stylistic revision.Finish stylistic revision.Finish stylistic revision.Finish stylistic revision.Finish stylistic revision.Finish stylistic revision.1996-10-31 : TB : Add Entity Handling section1996-10-31 : TB : Add Entity Handling section1996-10-31 : TB : Add Entity Handling section1996-10-31 : TB : Add Entity Handling section1996-10-31 : TB : Add Entity Handling section1996-10-31 : TB : Add Entity Handling section1996-10-31 : TB : Add Entity Handling section1996-10-31 : TB : Add Entity Handling section1996-10-30 : TB : Clean up term 1996-10-30 : TB : Clean up term 1996-10-30 : TB : Clean up term 1996-10-30 : TB : Clean up term 1996-10-30 : TB : Clean up term 1996-10-30 : TB : Clean up term 1996-10-30 : TB : Clean up term 1996-10-30 : TB : Clean up term &&&&&&&& termdef. Slip in termdef. Slip in termdef. Slip in termdef. Slip in termdef. Slip in termdef. Slip in termdef. Slip in termdef. Slip in
ERB decision re EMPTY.ERB decision re EMPTY.ERB decision re EMPTY.ERB decision re EMPTY.ERB decision re EMPTY.ERB decision re EMPTY.ERB decision re EMPTY.ERB decision re EMPTY.1996-10-28 : TB : Change DTD. Implement some of Michael's1996-10-28 : TB : Change DTD. Implement some of Michael's1996-10-28 : TB : Change DTD. Implement some of Michael's1996-10-28 : TB : Change DTD. Implement some of Michael's1996-10-28 : TB : Change DTD. Implement some of Michael's1996-10-28 : TB : Change DTD. Implement some of Michael's1996-10-28 : TB : Change DTD. Implement some of Michael's1996-10-28 : TB : Change DTD. Implement some of Michael's
suggestions. Change comments back to //. Introduce language forsuggestions. Change comments back to //. Introduce language forsuggestions. Change comments back to //. Introduce language forsuggestions. Change comments back to //. Introduce language forsuggestions. Change comments back to //. Introduce language forsuggestions. Change comments back to //. Introduce language forsuggestions. Change comments back to //. Introduce language forsuggestions. Change comments back to //. Introduce language for
XML namespace reservation. Add section on white-space handling.XML namespace reservation. Add section on white-space handling.XML namespace reservation. Add section on white-space handling.XML namespace reservation. Add section on white-space handling.XML namespace reservation. Add section on white-space handling.XML namespace reservation. Add section on white-space handling.XML namespace reservation. Add section on white-space handling.XML namespace reservation. Add section on white-space handling.
Lots more cleanup.Lots more cleanup.Lots more cleanup.Lots more cleanup.Lots more cleanup.Lots more cleanup.Lots more cleanup.Lots more cleanup.1996-10-24 : CMSMcQ : quick tweaks, implement some ERB1996-10-24 : CMSMcQ : quick tweaks, implement some ERB1996-10-24 : CMSMcQ : quick tweaks, implement some ERB1996-10-24 : CMSMcQ : quick tweaks, implement some ERB1996-10-24 : CMSMcQ : quick tweaks, implement some ERB1996-10-24 : CMSMcQ : quick tweaks, implement some ERB1996-10-24 : CMSMcQ : quick tweaks, implement some ERB1996-10-24 : CMSMcQ : quick tweaks, implement some ERB
decisions. Characters are not integers. Comments are /* */ not //.decisions. Characters are not integers. Comments are /* */ not //.decisions. Characters are not integers. Comments are /* */ not //.decisions. Characters are not integers. Comments are /* */ not //.decisions. Characters are not integers. Comments are /* */ not //.decisions. Characters are not integers. Comments are /* */ not //.decisions. Characters are not integers. Comments are /* */ not //.decisions. Characters are not integers. Comments are /* */ not //.
Add bibliographic refs to 10646, HyTime, Unicode.Add bibliographic refs to 10646, HyTime, Unicode.Add bibliographic refs to 10646, HyTime, Unicode.Add bibliographic refs to 10646, HyTime, Unicode.Add bibliographic refs to 10646, HyTime, Unicode.Add bibliographic refs to 10646, HyTime, Unicode.Add bibliographic refs to 10646, HyTime, Unicode.Add bibliographic refs to 10646, HyTime, Unicode.
Rename old Cdata as MsData since it's Rename old Cdata as MsData since it's Rename old Cdata as MsData since it's Rename old Cdata as MsData since it's Rename old Cdata as MsData since it's Rename old Cdata as MsData since it's Rename old Cdata as MsData since it's Rename old Cdata as MsData since it's onlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonly seen seen seen seen seen seen seen seen
in marked sections. Call them attribute-value pairs notin marked sections. Call them attribute-value pairs notin marked sections. Call them attribute-value pairs notin marked sections. Call them attribute-value pairs notin marked sections. Call them attribute-value pairs notin marked sections. Call them attribute-value pairs notin marked sections. Call them attribute-value pairs notin marked sections. Call them attribute-value pairs not
name-value pairs, except once. Internal subset is optional, needsname-value pairs, except once. Internal subset is optional, needsname-value pairs, except once. Internal subset is optional, needsname-value pairs, except once. Internal subset is optional, needsname-value pairs, except once. Internal subset is optional, needsname-value pairs, except once. Internal subset is optional, needsname-value pairs, except once. Internal subset is optional, needsname-value pairs, except once. Internal subset is optional, needs
'?'. Implied attributes should be signaled to the app, not'?'. Implied attributes should be signaled to the app, not'?'. Implied attributes should be signaled to the app, not'?'. Implied attributes should be signaled to the app, not'?'. Implied attributes should be signaled to the app, not'?'. Implied attributes should be signaled to the app, not'?'. Implied attributes should be signaled to the app, not'?'. Implied attributes should be signaled to the app, not
have values supplied by processor.have values supplied by processor.have values supplied by processor.have values supplied by processor.have values supplied by processor.have values supplied by processor.have values supplied by processor.have values supplied by processor.1996-10-16 : TB : track down 1996-10-16 : TB : track down 1996-10-16 : TB : track down 1996-10-16 : TB : track down 1996-10-16 : TB : track down 1996-10-16 : TB : track down 1996-10-16 : TB : track down 1996-10-16 : TB : track down &&&&&&&& excise all DSD references; excise all DSD references; excise all DSD references; excise all DSD references; excise all DSD references; excise all DSD references; excise all DSD references; excise all DSD references;
introduce some EBNF for entity declarations.introduce some EBNF for entity declarations.introduce some EBNF for entity declarations.introduce some EBNF for entity declarations.introduce some EBNF for entity declarations.introduce some EBNF for entity declarations.introduce some EBNF for entity declarations.introduce some EBNF for entity declarations.1996-10-?? : TB : consistency check, fix up scraps so1996-10-?? : TB : consistency check, fix up scraps so1996-10-?? : TB : consistency check, fix up scraps so1996-10-?? : TB : consistency check, fix up scraps so1996-10-?? : TB : consistency check, fix up scraps so1996-10-?? : TB : consistency check, fix up scraps so1996-10-?? : TB : consistency check, fix up scraps so1996-10-?? : TB : consistency check, fix up scraps so
they all parse, get formatter working, correct a few productions.they all parse, get formatter working, correct a few productions.they all parse, get formatter working, correct a few productions.they all parse, get formatter working, correct a few productions.they all parse, get formatter working, correct a few productions.they all parse, get formatter working, correct a few productions.they all parse, get formatter working, correct a few productions.they all parse, get formatter working, correct a few productions.1996-10-10/11 : CMSMcQ : various maintenance, stylistic, and1996-10-10/11 : CMSMcQ : various maintenance, stylistic, and1996-10-10/11 : CMSMcQ : various maintenance, stylistic, and1996-10-10/11 : CMSMcQ : various maintenance, stylistic, and1996-10-10/11 : CMSMcQ : various maintenance, stylistic, and1996-10-10/11 : CMSMcQ : various maintenance, stylistic, and1996-10-10/11 : CMSMcQ : various maintenance, stylistic, and1996-10-10/11 : CMSMcQ : various maintenance, stylistic, and
organizational changes:organizational changes:organizational changes:organizational changes:organizational changes:organizational changes:organizational changes:organizational changes:
Replace a few literals with xmlpio andReplace a few literals with xmlpio andReplace a few literals with xmlpio andReplace a few literals with xmlpio andReplace a few literals with xmlpio andReplace a few literals with xmlpio andReplace a few literals with xmlpio andReplace a few literals with xmlpio and
pic entities, to make them consistent and ensure we can change picpic entities, to make them consistent and ensure we can change picpic entities, to make them consistent and ensure we can change picpic entities, to make them consistent and ensure we can change picpic entities, to make them consistent and ensure we can change picpic entities, to make them consistent and ensure we can change picpic entities, to make them consistent and ensure we can change picpic entities, to make them consistent and ensure we can change pic
reliably when the ERB votes.reliably when the ERB votes.reliably when the ERB votes.reliably when the ERB votes.reliably when the ERB votes.reliably when the ERB votes.reliably when the ERB votes.reliably when the ERB votes.
Drop paragraph on recognizers from notation section.Drop paragraph on recognizers from notation section.Drop paragraph on recognizers from notation section.Drop paragraph on recognizers from notation section.Drop paragraph on recognizers from notation section.Drop paragraph on recognizers from notation section.Drop paragraph on recognizers from notation section.Drop paragraph on recognizers from notation section.
Add match, exact match to terminology.Add match, exact match to terminology.Add match, exact match to terminology.Add match, exact match to terminology.Add match, exact match to terminology.Add match, exact match to terminology.Add match, exact match to terminology.Add match, exact match to terminology.
Move old 2.2 XML Processors and Apps into intro.Move old 2.2 XML Processors and Apps into intro.Move old 2.2 XML Processors and Apps into intro.Move old 2.2 XML Processors and Apps into intro.Move old 2.2 XML Processors and Apps into intro.Move old 2.2 XML Processors and Apps into intro.Move old 2.2 XML Processors and Apps into intro.Move old 2.2 XML Processors and Apps into intro.
Mention comments, PIs, and marked sections in discussion ofMention comments, PIs, and marked sections in discussion ofMention comments, PIs, and marked sections in discussion ofMention comments, PIs, and marked sections in discussion ofMention comments, PIs, and marked sections in discussion ofMention comments, PIs, and marked sections in discussion ofMention comments, PIs, and marked sections in discussion ofMention comments, PIs, and marked sections in discussion of
delimiter escaping.delimiter escaping.delimiter escaping.delimiter escaping.delimiter escaping.delimiter escaping.delimiter escaping.delimiter escaping.
Streamline discussion of doctype decl syntax.Streamline discussion of doctype decl syntax.Streamline discussion of doctype decl syntax.Streamline discussion of doctype decl syntax.Streamline discussion of doctype decl syntax.Streamline discussion of doctype decl syntax.Streamline discussion of doctype decl syntax.Streamline discussion of doctype decl syntax.
Drop old section of 'PI syntax' for doctype decl, and addDrop old section of 'PI syntax' for doctype decl, and addDrop old section of 'PI syntax' for doctype decl, and addDrop old section of 'PI syntax' for doctype decl, and addDrop old section of 'PI syntax' for doctype decl, and addDrop old section of 'PI syntax' for doctype decl, and addDrop old section of 'PI syntax' for doctype decl, and addDrop old section of 'PI syntax' for doctype decl, and add
section on partial-DTD summary PIs to end of Logical Structuressection on partial-DTD summary PIs to end of Logical Structuressection on partial-DTD summary PIs to end of Logical Structuressection on partial-DTD summary PIs to end of Logical Structuressection on partial-DTD summary PIs to end of Logical Structuressection on partial-DTD summary PIs to end of Logical Structuressection on partial-DTD summary PIs to end of Logical Structuressection on partial-DTD summary PIs to end of Logical Structures
section.section.section.section.section.section.section.section.
Revise DSD syntax section to use Tim's subset-in-a-PIRevise DSD syntax section to use Tim's subset-in-a-PIRevise DSD syntax section to use Tim's subset-in-a-PIRevise DSD syntax section to use Tim's subset-in-a-PIRevise DSD syntax section to use Tim's subset-in-a-PIRevise DSD syntax section to use Tim's subset-in-a-PIRevise DSD syntax section to use Tim's subset-in-a-PIRevise DSD syntax section to use Tim's subset-in-a-PI
mechanism.mechanism.mechanism.mechanism.mechanism.mechanism.mechanism.mechanism.1996-10-10 : TB : eliminate name recognizers (and more?)1996-10-10 : TB : eliminate name recognizers (and more?)1996-10-10 : TB : eliminate name recognizers (and more?)1996-10-10 : TB : eliminate name recognizers (and more?)1996-10-10 : TB : eliminate name recognizers (and more?)1996-10-10 : TB : eliminate name recognizers (and more?)1996-10-10 : TB : eliminate name recognizers (and more?)1996-10-10 : TB : eliminate name recognizers (and more?)1996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : revise for style, consistency through 2.31996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : revise for style, consistency through 2.31996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : revise for style, consistency through 2.31996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : revise for style, consistency through 2.31996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : revise for style, consistency through 2.31996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : revise for style, consistency through 2.31996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : revise for style, consistency through 2.31996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : revise for style, consistency through 2.3
(Characters)(Characters)(Characters)(Characters)(Characters)(Characters)(Characters)(Characters)1996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : re-unite everything for convenience,1996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : re-unite everything for convenience,1996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : re-unite everything for convenience,1996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : re-unite everything for convenience,1996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : re-unite everything for convenience,1996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : re-unite everything for convenience,1996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : re-unite everything for convenience,1996-10-09 : CMSMcQ : re-unite everything for convenience,
at least temporarily, and revise quicklyat least temporarily, and revise quicklyat least temporarily, and revise quicklyat least temporarily, and revise quicklyat least temporarily, and revise quicklyat least temporarily, and revise quicklyat least temporarily, and revise quicklyat least temporarily, and revise quickly1996-10-08 : TB : first major homogenization pass1996-10-08 : TB : first major homogenization pass1996-10-08 : TB : first major homogenization pass1996-10-08 : TB : first major homogenization pass1996-10-08 : TB : first major homogenization pass1996-10-08 : TB : first major homogenization pass1996-10-08 : TB : first major homogenization pass1996-10-08 : TB : first major homogenization pass1996-10-08 : TB : turn "current" attribute on div type into 1996-10-08 : TB : turn "current" attribute on div type into 1996-10-08 : TB : turn "current" attribute on div type into 1996-10-08 : TB : turn "current" attribute on div type into 1996-10-08 : TB : turn "current" attribute on div type into 1996-10-08 : TB : turn "current" attribute on div type into 1996-10-08 : TB : turn "current" attribute on div type into 1996-10-08 : TB : turn "current" attribute on div type into
CDATACDATACDATACDATACDATACDATACDATACDATA1996-10-02 : TB : remould into skeleton + entities1996-10-02 : TB : remould into skeleton + entities1996-10-02 : TB : remould into skeleton + entities1996-10-02 : TB : remould into skeleton + entities1996-10-02 : TB : remould into skeleton + entities1996-10-02 : TB : remould into skeleton + entities1996-10-02 : TB : remould into skeleton + entities1996-10-02 : TB : remould into skeleton + entities1996-09-30 : CMSMcQ : add a few more sections prior to exchange1996-09-30 : CMSMcQ : add a few more sections prior to exchange1996-09-30 : CMSMcQ : add a few more sections prior to exchange1996-09-30 : CMSMcQ : add a few more sections prior to exchange1996-09-30 : CMSMcQ : add a few more sections prior to exchange1996-09-30 : CMSMcQ : add a few more sections prior to exchange1996-09-30 : CMSMcQ : add a few more sections prior to exchange1996-09-30 : CMSMcQ : add a few more sections prior to exchange
with Tim. with Tim. with Tim. with Tim. with Tim. with Tim. with Tim. with Tim.1996-09-20 : CMSMcQ : finish transcribing notes.1996-09-20 : CMSMcQ : finish transcribing notes.1996-09-20 : CMSMcQ : finish transcribing notes.1996-09-20 : CMSMcQ : finish transcribing notes.1996-09-20 : CMSMcQ : finish transcribing notes.1996-09-20 : CMSMcQ : finish transcribing notes.1996-09-20 : CMSMcQ : finish transcribing notes.1996-09-20 : CMSMcQ : finish transcribing notes.1996-09-19 : CMSMcQ : begin transcribing notes for draft.1996-09-19 : CMSMcQ : begin transcribing notes for draft.1996-09-19 : CMSMcQ : begin transcribing notes for draft.1996-09-19 : CMSMcQ : begin transcribing notes for draft.1996-09-19 : CMSMcQ : begin transcribing notes for draft.1996-09-19 : CMSMcQ : begin transcribing notes for draft.1996-09-19 : CMSMcQ : begin transcribing notes for draft.1996-09-19 : CMSMcQ : begin transcribing notes for draft.1996-09-13 : CMSMcQ : made outline from notes of 09-06,1996-09-13 : CMSMcQ : made outline from notes of 09-06,1996-09-13 : CMSMcQ : made outline from notes of 09-06,1996-09-13 : CMSMcQ : made outline from notes of 09-06,1996-09-13 : CMSMcQ : made outline from notes of 09-06,1996-09-13 : CMSMcQ : made outline from notes of 09-06,1996-09-13 : CMSMcQ : made outline from notes of 09-06,1996-09-13 : CMSMcQ : made outline from notes of 09-06,
do some housekeepingdo some housekeepingdo some housekeepingdo some housekeepingdo some housekeepingdo some housekeepingdo some housekeepingdo some housekeeping
IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction
Extensible Markup Language, abbreviated XML, describes a class ofExtensible Markup Language, abbreviated XML, describes a class ofExtensible Markup Language, abbreviated XML, describes a class ofExtensible Markup Language, abbreviated XML, describes a class ofExtensible Markup Language, abbreviated XML, describes a class ofExtensible Markup Language, abbreviated XML, describes a class ofExtensible Markup Language, abbreviated XML, describes a class ofExtensible Markup Language, abbreviated XML, describes a class of
data objects called data objects called data objects called data objects called data objects called data objects called data objects called data objects called XML documentsXML documentsXML documentsXML documentsXML documentsXML documentsXML documentsXML documents and and and and and and and and
partially describes the behavior of partially describes the behavior of partially describes the behavior of partially describes the behavior of partially describes the behavior of partially describes the behavior of partially describes the behavior of partially describes the behavior of
computer programs which process them. XML is an application profile orcomputer programs which process them. XML is an application profile orcomputer programs which process them. XML is an application profile orcomputer programs which process them. XML is an application profile orcomputer programs which process them. XML is an application profile orcomputer programs which process them. XML is an application profile orcomputer programs which process them. XML is an application profile orcomputer programs which process them. XML is an application profile or
restricted form of SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup restricted form of SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup restricted form of SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup restricted form of SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup restricted form of SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup restricted form of SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup restricted form of SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup restricted form of SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup
Language Language Language Language Language Language Language Language ........
By construction, XML documents By construction, XML documents By construction, XML documents By construction, XML documents By construction, XML documents By construction, XML documents By construction, XML documents By construction, XML documents
are conforming SGML documents.are conforming SGML documents.are conforming SGML documents.are conforming SGML documents.are conforming SGML documents.are conforming SGML documents.are conforming SGML documents.are conforming SGML documents.
XML documents are made up of storage units called XML documents are made up of storage units called XML documents are made up of storage units called XML documents are made up of storage units called XML documents are made up of storage units called XML documents are made up of storage units called XML documents are made up of storage units called XML documents are made up of storage units called entitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentities, which contain either parsed, which contain either parsed, which contain either parsed, which contain either parsed, which contain either parsed, which contain either parsed, which contain either parsed, which contain either parsed
or unparsed data.or unparsed data.or unparsed data.or unparsed data.or unparsed data.or unparsed data.or unparsed data.or unparsed data.
Parsed data is made up of Parsed data is made up of Parsed data is made up of Parsed data is made up of Parsed data is made up of Parsed data is made up of Parsed data is made up of Parsed data is made up of characterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacters,,,,,,,,
some some some some some some some some
of which form of which form of which form of which form of which form of which form of which form of which form character datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter data, , , , , , , ,
and some of which form and some of which form and some of which form and some of which form and some of which form and some of which form and some of which form and some of which form markupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkup........
Markup encodes a description of the document's storage layout andMarkup encodes a description of the document's storage layout andMarkup encodes a description of the document's storage layout andMarkup encodes a description of the document's storage layout andMarkup encodes a description of the document's storage layout andMarkup encodes a description of the document's storage layout andMarkup encodes a description of the document's storage layout andMarkup encodes a description of the document's storage layout and
logical structure. XML provides a mechanism to impose constraints onlogical structure. XML provides a mechanism to impose constraints onlogical structure. XML provides a mechanism to impose constraints onlogical structure. XML provides a mechanism to impose constraints onlogical structure. XML provides a mechanism to impose constraints onlogical structure. XML provides a mechanism to impose constraints onlogical structure. XML provides a mechanism to impose constraints onlogical structure. XML provides a mechanism to impose constraints on
the storage layout and logical structure.the storage layout and logical structure.the storage layout and logical structure.the storage layout and logical structure.the storage layout and logical structure.the storage layout and logical structure.the storage layout and logical structure.the storage layout and logical structure.
A software moduleA software moduleA software moduleA software moduleA software moduleA software moduleA software moduleA software module
called an called an called an called an called an called an called an called an XML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processor is used to read XML documents is used to read XML documents is used to read XML documents is used to read XML documents is used to read XML documents is used to read XML documents is used to read XML documents is used to read XML documents
and provide access to their content and structure.and provide access to their content and structure.and provide access to their content and structure.and provide access to their content and structure.and provide access to their content and structure.and provide access to their content and structure.and provide access to their content and structure.and provide access to their content and structure.It is assumed that an XML processor isIt is assumed that an XML processor isIt is assumed that an XML processor isIt is assumed that an XML processor isIt is assumed that an XML processor isIt is assumed that an XML processor isIt is assumed that an XML processor isIt is assumed that an XML processor is
doing its work on behalf of another module, called thedoing its work on behalf of another module, called thedoing its work on behalf of another module, called thedoing its work on behalf of another module, called thedoing its work on behalf of another module, called thedoing its work on behalf of another module, called thedoing its work on behalf of another module, called thedoing its work on behalf of another module, called the
applicationapplicationapplicationapplicationapplicationapplicationapplicationapplication........ This specification describes the This specification describes the This specification describes the This specification describes the This specification describes the This specification describes the This specification describes the This specification describes the
required behavior of an XML processor in terms of how it must read XMLrequired behavior of an XML processor in terms of how it must read XMLrequired behavior of an XML processor in terms of how it must read XMLrequired behavior of an XML processor in terms of how it must read XMLrequired behavior of an XML processor in terms of how it must read XMLrequired behavior of an XML processor in terms of how it must read XMLrequired behavior of an XML processor in terms of how it must read XMLrequired behavior of an XML processor in terms of how it must read XML
data and the information it must provide to the application.data and the information it must provide to the application.data and the information it must provide to the application.data and the information it must provide to the application.data and the information it must provide to the application.data and the information it must provide to the application.data and the information it must provide to the application.data and the information it must provide to the application.
Origin and GoalsOrigin and GoalsOrigin and GoalsOrigin and GoalsOrigin and GoalsOrigin and GoalsOrigin and GoalsOrigin and Goals
XML was developed by an XML Working Group (originally known as theXML was developed by an XML Working Group (originally known as theXML was developed by an XML Working Group (originally known as theXML was developed by an XML Working Group (originally known as theXML was developed by an XML Working Group (originally known as theXML was developed by an XML Working Group (originally known as theXML was developed by an XML Working Group (originally known as theXML was developed by an XML Working Group (originally known as the
SGML Editorial Review Board) formed under the auspices of the WorldSGML Editorial Review Board) formed under the auspices of the WorldSGML Editorial Review Board) formed under the auspices of the WorldSGML Editorial Review Board) formed under the auspices of the WorldSGML Editorial Review Board) formed under the auspices of the WorldSGML Editorial Review Board) formed under the auspices of the WorldSGML Editorial Review Board) formed under the auspices of the WorldSGML Editorial Review Board) formed under the auspices of the World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1996.Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1996.Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1996.Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1996.Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1996.Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1996.Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1996.Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1996.
It was chaired by Jon Bosak of SunIt was chaired by Jon Bosak of SunIt was chaired by Jon Bosak of SunIt was chaired by Jon Bosak of SunIt was chaired by Jon Bosak of SunIt was chaired by Jon Bosak of SunIt was chaired by Jon Bosak of SunIt was chaired by Jon Bosak of Sun
Microsystems with the active participation of an XML SpecialMicrosystems with the active participation of an XML SpecialMicrosystems with the active participation of an XML SpecialMicrosystems with the active participation of an XML SpecialMicrosystems with the active participation of an XML SpecialMicrosystems with the active participation of an XML SpecialMicrosystems with the active participation of an XML SpecialMicrosystems with the active participation of an XML Special
Interest Group (previously known as the SGML Working Group) alsoInterest Group (previously known as the SGML Working Group) alsoInterest Group (previously known as the SGML Working Group) alsoInterest Group (previously known as the SGML Working Group) alsoInterest Group (previously known as the SGML Working Group) alsoInterest Group (previously known as the SGML Working Group) alsoInterest Group (previously known as the SGML Working Group) alsoInterest Group (previously known as the SGML Working Group) also
organized by the W3C. The membership of the XML Working Group is givenorganized by the W3C. The membership of the XML Working Group is givenorganized by the W3C. The membership of the XML Working Group is givenorganized by the W3C. The membership of the XML Working Group is givenorganized by the W3C. The membership of the XML Working Group is givenorganized by the W3C. The membership of the XML Working Group is givenorganized by the W3C. The membership of the XML Working Group is givenorganized by the W3C. The membership of the XML Working Group is given
in an appendix. Dan Connolly served as the WG's contact with the W3C.in an appendix. Dan Connolly served as the WG's contact with the W3C.in an appendix. Dan Connolly served as the WG's contact with the W3C.in an appendix. Dan Connolly served as the WG's contact with the W3C.in an appendix. Dan Connolly served as the WG's contact with the W3C.in an appendix. Dan Connolly served as the WG's contact with the W3C.in an appendix. Dan Connolly served as the WG's contact with the W3C.in an appendix. Dan Connolly served as the WG's contact with the W3C.
The design goals for XML are:The design goals for XML are:The design goals for XML are:The design goals for XML are:The design goals for XML are:The design goals for XML are:The design goals for XML are:The design goals for XML are:
XML shall be straightforwardly usable over theXML shall be straightforwardly usable over theXML shall be straightforwardly usable over theXML shall be straightforwardly usable over theXML shall be straightforwardly usable over theXML shall be straightforwardly usable over theXML shall be straightforwardly usable over theXML shall be straightforwardly usable over the
Internet.Internet.Internet.Internet.Internet.Internet.Internet.Internet.
XML shall support a wide variety of applications.XML shall support a wide variety of applications.XML shall support a wide variety of applications.XML shall support a wide variety of applications.XML shall support a wide variety of applications.XML shall support a wide variety of applications.XML shall support a wide variety of applications.XML shall support a wide variety of applications.
XML shall be compatible with SGML.XML shall be compatible with SGML.XML shall be compatible with SGML.XML shall be compatible with SGML.XML shall be compatible with SGML.XML shall be compatible with SGML.XML shall be compatible with SGML.XML shall be compatible with SGML.
It shall be easy to write programs which process XMLIt shall be easy to write programs which process XMLIt shall be easy to write programs which process XMLIt shall be easy to write programs which process XMLIt shall be easy to write programs which process XMLIt shall be easy to write programs which process XMLIt shall be easy to write programs which process XMLIt shall be easy to write programs which process XML
documents.documents.documents.documents.documents.documents.documents.documents.
The number of optional features in XML is to be kept to theThe number of optional features in XML is to be kept to theThe number of optional features in XML is to be kept to theThe number of optional features in XML is to be kept to theThe number of optional features in XML is to be kept to theThe number of optional features in XML is to be kept to theThe number of optional features in XML is to be kept to theThe number of optional features in XML is to be kept to the
absolute minimum, ideally zero.absolute minimum, ideally zero.absolute minimum, ideally zero.absolute minimum, ideally zero.absolute minimum, ideally zero.absolute minimum, ideally zero.absolute minimum, ideally zero.absolute minimum, ideally zero.
XML documents should be human-legible and reasonablyXML documents should be human-legible and reasonablyXML documents should be human-legible and reasonablyXML documents should be human-legible and reasonablyXML documents should be human-legible and reasonablyXML documents should be human-legible and reasonablyXML documents should be human-legible and reasonablyXML documents should be human-legible and reasonably
clear.clear.clear.clear.clear.clear.clear.clear.
The XML design should be prepared quickly.The XML design should be prepared quickly.The XML design should be prepared quickly.The XML design should be prepared quickly.The XML design should be prepared quickly.The XML design should be prepared quickly.The XML design should be prepared quickly.The XML design should be prepared quickly.
The design of XML shall be formal and concise.The design of XML shall be formal and concise.The design of XML shall be formal and concise.The design of XML shall be formal and concise.The design of XML shall be formal and concise.The design of XML shall be formal and concise.The design of XML shall be formal and concise.The design of XML shall be formal and concise.
XML documents shall be easy to create.XML documents shall be easy to create.XML documents shall be easy to create.XML documents shall be easy to create.XML documents shall be easy to create.XML documents shall be easy to create.XML documents shall be easy to create.XML documents shall be easy to create.
Terseness in XML markup is of minimal importance.Terseness in XML markup is of minimal importance.Terseness in XML markup is of minimal importance.Terseness in XML markup is of minimal importance.Terseness in XML markup is of minimal importance.Terseness in XML markup is of minimal importance.Terseness in XML markup is of minimal importance.Terseness in XML markup is of minimal importance.
This specification, This specification, This specification, This specification, This specification, This specification, This specification, This specification,
together with associated standardstogether with associated standardstogether with associated standardstogether with associated standardstogether with associated standardstogether with associated standardstogether with associated standardstogether with associated standards
(Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 for characters,(Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 for characters,(Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 for characters,(Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 for characters,(Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 for characters,(Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 for characters,(Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 for characters,(Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 for characters,
Internet RFC 1766 for language identification tags, Internet RFC 1766 for language identification tags, Internet RFC 1766 for language identification tags, Internet RFC 1766 for language identification tags, Internet RFC 1766 for language identification tags, Internet RFC 1766 for language identification tags, Internet RFC 1766 for language identification tags, Internet RFC 1766 for language identification tags,
ISO 639 for language name codes, and ISO 639 for language name codes, and ISO 639 for language name codes, and ISO 639 for language name codes, and ISO 639 for language name codes, and ISO 639 for language name codes, and ISO 639 for language name codes, and ISO 639 for language name codes, and
ISO 3166 for country name codes),ISO 3166 for country name codes),ISO 3166 for country name codes),ISO 3166 for country name codes),ISO 3166 for country name codes),ISO 3166 for country name codes),ISO 3166 for country name codes),ISO 3166 for country name codes),
provides all the information necessary to understand provides all the information necessary to understand provides all the information necessary to understand provides all the information necessary to understand provides all the information necessary to understand provides all the information necessary to understand provides all the information necessary to understand provides all the information necessary to understand
XML Version XML Version XML Version XML Version XML Version XML Version XML Version XML Version 1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0
and construct computer programs to process it.and construct computer programs to process it.and construct computer programs to process it.and construct computer programs to process it.and construct computer programs to process it.and construct computer programs to process it.and construct computer programs to process it.and construct computer programs to process it.
This version of the XML specificationThis version of the XML specificationThis version of the XML specificationThis version of the XML specificationThis version of the XML specificationThis version of the XML specificationThis version of the XML specificationThis version of the XML specification
may be distributed freely, as long asmay be distributed freely, as long asmay be distributed freely, as long asmay be distributed freely, as long asmay be distributed freely, as long asmay be distributed freely, as long asmay be distributed freely, as long asmay be distributed freely, as long as
all text and legal notices remain intactall text and legal notices remain intactall text and legal notices remain intactall text and legal notices remain intactall text and legal notices remain intactall text and legal notices remain intactall text and legal notices remain intactall text and legal notices remain intact........
The terminology used to describe XML documents is defined in the body ofThe terminology used to describe XML documents is defined in the body ofThe terminology used to describe XML documents is defined in the body ofThe terminology used to describe XML documents is defined in the body ofThe terminology used to describe XML documents is defined in the body ofThe terminology used to describe XML documents is defined in the body ofThe terminology used to describe XML documents is defined in the body ofThe terminology used to describe XML documents is defined in the body of
this specification.this specification.this specification.this specification.this specification.this specification.this specification.this specification.
The terms defined in the following list are used in building thoseThe terms defined in the following list are used in building thoseThe terms defined in the following list are used in building thoseThe terms defined in the following list are used in building thoseThe terms defined in the following list are used in building thoseThe terms defined in the following list are used in building thoseThe terms defined in the following list are used in building thoseThe terms defined in the following list are used in building those
definitions and in describing the actions of an XML processor:definitions and in describing the actions of an XML processor:definitions and in describing the actions of an XML processor:definitions and in describing the actions of an XML processor:definitions and in describing the actions of an XML processor:definitions and in describing the actions of an XML processor:definitions and in describing the actions of an XML processor:definitions and in describing the actions of an XML processor:
Conforming documents and XMLConforming documents and XMLConforming documents and XMLConforming documents and XMLConforming documents and XMLConforming documents and XMLConforming documents and XMLConforming documents and XML
processors are permitted to but need not behave asprocessors are permitted to but need not behave asprocessors are permitted to but need not behave asprocessors are permitted to but need not behave asprocessors are permitted to but need not behave asprocessors are permitted to but need not behave asprocessors are permitted to but need not behave asprocessors are permitted to but need not behave as
described.described.described.described.described.described.described.described.
Conforming documents and XML processors Conforming documents and XML processors Conforming documents and XML processors Conforming documents and XML processors Conforming documents and XML processors Conforming documents and XML processors Conforming documents and XML processors Conforming documents and XML processors
are required to behave as described; otherwise they are in error.are required to behave as described; otherwise they are in error.are required to behave as described; otherwise they are in error.are required to behave as described; otherwise they are in error.are required to behave as described; otherwise they are in error.are required to behave as described; otherwise they are in error.are required to behave as described; otherwise they are in error.are required to behave as described; otherwise they are in error.
A violation of the rules of thisA violation of the rules of thisA violation of the rules of thisA violation of the rules of thisA violation of the rules of thisA violation of the rules of thisA violation of the rules of thisA violation of the rules of this
specification; results arespecification; results arespecification; results arespecification; results arespecification; results arespecification; results arespecification; results arespecification; results are
undefined. Conforming software may detect and report an error and mayundefined. Conforming software may detect and report an error and mayundefined. Conforming software may detect and report an error and mayundefined. Conforming software may detect and report an error and mayundefined. Conforming software may detect and report an error and mayundefined. Conforming software may detect and report an error and mayundefined. Conforming software may detect and report an error and mayundefined. Conforming software may detect and report an error and may
recover from it.recover from it.recover from it.recover from it.recover from it.recover from it.recover from it.recover from it.
An errorAn errorAn errorAn errorAn errorAn errorAn errorAn error
which a conforming which a conforming which a conforming which a conforming which a conforming which a conforming which a conforming which a conforming XML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processor
must detect and report to the application.must detect and report to the application.must detect and report to the application.must detect and report to the application.must detect and report to the application.must detect and report to the application.must detect and report to the application.must detect and report to the application.
After encountering a fatal error, theAfter encountering a fatal error, theAfter encountering a fatal error, theAfter encountering a fatal error, theAfter encountering a fatal error, theAfter encountering a fatal error, theAfter encountering a fatal error, theAfter encountering a fatal error, the
processor may continueprocessor may continueprocessor may continueprocessor may continueprocessor may continueprocessor may continueprocessor may continueprocessor may continue
processing the data to search for further errors and may report suchprocessing the data to search for further errors and may report suchprocessing the data to search for further errors and may report suchprocessing the data to search for further errors and may report suchprocessing the data to search for further errors and may report suchprocessing the data to search for further errors and may report suchprocessing the data to search for further errors and may report suchprocessing the data to search for further errors and may report such
errors to the application. In order to support correction of errors,errors to the application. In order to support correction of errors,errors to the application. In order to support correction of errors,errors to the application. In order to support correction of errors,errors to the application. In order to support correction of errors,errors to the application. In order to support correction of errors,errors to the application. In order to support correction of errors,errors to the application. In order to support correction of errors,
the processor may make unprocessed data from the document (withthe processor may make unprocessed data from the document (withthe processor may make unprocessed data from the document (withthe processor may make unprocessed data from the document (withthe processor may make unprocessed data from the document (withthe processor may make unprocessed data from the document (withthe processor may make unprocessed data from the document (withthe processor may make unprocessed data from the document (with
intermingled character data and markup) available to the application.intermingled character data and markup) available to the application.intermingled character data and markup) available to the application.intermingled character data and markup) available to the application.intermingled character data and markup) available to the application.intermingled character data and markup) available to the application.intermingled character data and markup) available to the application.intermingled character data and markup) available to the application.
Once a fatal error is detected, however, the processor must notOnce a fatal error is detected, however, the processor must notOnce a fatal error is detected, however, the processor must notOnce a fatal error is detected, however, the processor must notOnce a fatal error is detected, however, the processor must notOnce a fatal error is detected, however, the processor must notOnce a fatal error is detected, however, the processor must notOnce a fatal error is detected, however, the processor must not
continue normal processing (i.e., it must notcontinue normal processing (i.e., it must notcontinue normal processing (i.e., it must notcontinue normal processing (i.e., it must notcontinue normal processing (i.e., it must notcontinue normal processing (i.e., it must notcontinue normal processing (i.e., it must notcontinue normal processing (i.e., it must not
continue to pass character data and information about the document'scontinue to pass character data and information about the document'scontinue to pass character data and information about the document'scontinue to pass character data and information about the document'scontinue to pass character data and information about the document'scontinue to pass character data and information about the document'scontinue to pass character data and information about the document'scontinue to pass character data and information about the document's
logical structure to the application in the normal way).logical structure to the application in the normal way).logical structure to the application in the normal way).logical structure to the application in the normal way).logical structure to the application in the normal way).logical structure to the application in the normal way).logical structure to the application in the normal way).logical structure to the application in the normal way).
Conforming software may or must (depending on the modal verb in theConforming software may or must (depending on the modal verb in theConforming software may or must (depending on the modal verb in theConforming software may or must (depending on the modal verb in theConforming software may or must (depending on the modal verb in theConforming software may or must (depending on the modal verb in theConforming software may or must (depending on the modal verb in theConforming software may or must (depending on the modal verb in the
sentence) behave as described; if it does, it mustsentence) behave as described; if it does, it mustsentence) behave as described; if it does, it mustsentence) behave as described; if it does, it mustsentence) behave as described; if it does, it mustsentence) behave as described; if it does, it mustsentence) behave as described; if it does, it mustsentence) behave as described; if it does, it must
provide users a means to enable or disable the behaviorprovide users a means to enable or disable the behaviorprovide users a means to enable or disable the behaviorprovide users a means to enable or disable the behaviorprovide users a means to enable or disable the behaviorprovide users a means to enable or disable the behaviorprovide users a means to enable or disable the behaviorprovide users a means to enable or disable the behavior
described.described.described.described.described.described.described.described.
A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all
validvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalid XML documents. XML documents. XML documents. XML documents. XML documents. XML documents. XML documents. XML documents.
Violations of validity constraints are errors; they must, at user option, Violations of validity constraints are errors; they must, at user option, Violations of validity constraints are errors; they must, at user option, Violations of validity constraints are errors; they must, at user option, Violations of validity constraints are errors; they must, at user option, Violations of validity constraints are errors; they must, at user option, Violations of validity constraints are errors; they must, at user option, Violations of validity constraints are errors; they must, at user option,
be reported by be reported by be reported by be reported by be reported by be reported by be reported by be reported by
validating XML processorsvalidating XML processorsvalidating XML processorsvalidating XML processorsvalidating XML processorsvalidating XML processorsvalidating XML processorsvalidating XML processors........
A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all A rule which applies to all well-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formed XML documents. XML documents. XML documents. XML documents. XML documents. XML documents. XML documents. XML documents.
Violations of well-formedness constraints are Violations of well-formedness constraints are Violations of well-formedness constraints are Violations of well-formedness constraints are Violations of well-formedness constraints are Violations of well-formedness constraints are Violations of well-formedness constraints are Violations of well-formedness constraints are
fatal errorsfatal errorsfatal errorsfatal errorsfatal errorsfatal errorsfatal errorsfatal errors........
(Of strings or names:) (Of strings or names:) (Of strings or names:) (Of strings or names:) (Of strings or names:) (Of strings or names:) (Of strings or names:) (Of strings or names:)
Two strings or names being compared must be identical.Two strings or names being compared must be identical.Two strings or names being compared must be identical.Two strings or names being compared must be identical.Two strings or names being compared must be identical.Two strings or names being compared must be identical.Two strings or names being compared must be identical.Two strings or names being compared must be identical.
Characters with multiple possible representations in ISO/IEC 10646 (e.g.Characters with multiple possible representations in ISO/IEC 10646 (e.g.Characters with multiple possible representations in ISO/IEC 10646 (e.g.Characters with multiple possible representations in ISO/IEC 10646 (e.g.Characters with multiple possible representations in ISO/IEC 10646 (e.g.Characters with multiple possible representations in ISO/IEC 10646 (e.g.Characters with multiple possible representations in ISO/IEC 10646 (e.g.Characters with multiple possible representations in ISO/IEC 10646 (e.g.
characters with characters with characters with characters with characters with characters with characters with characters with
both precomposed and base+diacritic forms) match only if they have theboth precomposed and base+diacritic forms) match only if they have theboth precomposed and base+diacritic forms) match only if they have theboth precomposed and base+diacritic forms) match only if they have theboth precomposed and base+diacritic forms) match only if they have theboth precomposed and base+diacritic forms) match only if they have theboth precomposed and base+diacritic forms) match only if they have theboth precomposed and base+diacritic forms) match only if they have the
same representation in both strings.same representation in both strings.same representation in both strings.same representation in both strings.same representation in both strings.same representation in both strings.same representation in both strings.same representation in both strings.
At user option, processors may normalize such characters toAt user option, processors may normalize such characters toAt user option, processors may normalize such characters toAt user option, processors may normalize such characters toAt user option, processors may normalize such characters toAt user option, processors may normalize such characters toAt user option, processors may normalize such characters toAt user option, processors may normalize such characters to
some canonical form.some canonical form.some canonical form.some canonical form.some canonical form.some canonical form.some canonical form.some canonical form.
No case folding is performed. No case folding is performed. No case folding is performed. No case folding is performed. No case folding is performed. No case folding is performed. No case folding is performed. No case folding is performed.
(Of strings and rules in the grammar:) (Of strings and rules in the grammar:) (Of strings and rules in the grammar:) (Of strings and rules in the grammar:) (Of strings and rules in the grammar:) (Of strings and rules in the grammar:) (Of strings and rules in the grammar:) (Of strings and rules in the grammar:)
A string matches a grammatical production if it belongs to theA string matches a grammatical production if it belongs to theA string matches a grammatical production if it belongs to theA string matches a grammatical production if it belongs to theA string matches a grammatical production if it belongs to theA string matches a grammatical production if it belongs to theA string matches a grammatical production if it belongs to theA string matches a grammatical production if it belongs to the
language generated by that production.language generated by that production.language generated by that production.language generated by that production.language generated by that production.language generated by that production.language generated by that production.language generated by that production.
(Of content and content models:)(Of content and content models:)(Of content and content models:)(Of content and content models:)(Of content and content models:)(Of content and content models:)(Of content and content models:)(Of content and content models:)
An element matches its declaration when it conformsAn element matches its declaration when it conformsAn element matches its declaration when it conformsAn element matches its declaration when it conformsAn element matches its declaration when it conformsAn element matches its declaration when it conformsAn element matches its declaration when it conformsAn element matches its declaration when it conforms
in the fashion described in the constraintin the fashion described in the constraintin the fashion described in the constraintin the fashion described in the constraintin the fashion described in the constraintin the fashion described in the constraintin the fashion described in the constraintin the fashion described in the constraint
........
A feature ofA feature ofA feature ofA feature ofA feature ofA feature ofA feature ofA feature of
XML included solely to ensure that XML remains compatible with SGML.XML included solely to ensure that XML remains compatible with SGML.XML included solely to ensure that XML remains compatible with SGML.XML included solely to ensure that XML remains compatible with SGML.XML included solely to ensure that XML remains compatible with SGML.XML included solely to ensure that XML remains compatible with SGML.XML included solely to ensure that XML remains compatible with SGML.XML included solely to ensure that XML remains compatible with SGML.
AAAAAAAA
non-binding recommendation included to increase the chances that XMLnon-binding recommendation included to increase the chances that XMLnon-binding recommendation included to increase the chances that XMLnon-binding recommendation included to increase the chances that XMLnon-binding recommendation included to increase the chances that XMLnon-binding recommendation included to increase the chances that XMLnon-binding recommendation included to increase the chances that XMLnon-binding recommendation included to increase the chances that XML
documents can be processed by the existing installed base of SGMLdocuments can be processed by the existing installed base of SGMLdocuments can be processed by the existing installed base of SGMLdocuments can be processed by the existing installed base of SGMLdocuments can be processed by the existing installed base of SGMLdocuments can be processed by the existing installed base of SGMLdocuments can be processed by the existing installed base of SGMLdocuments can be processed by the existing installed base of SGML
processors which predate theprocessors which predate theprocessors which predate theprocessors which predate theprocessors which predate theprocessors which predate theprocessors which predate theprocessors which predate the
WebSGML Adaptations Annex to ISO 8879WebSGML Adaptations Annex to ISO 8879WebSGML Adaptations Annex to ISO 8879WebSGML Adaptations Annex to ISO 8879WebSGML Adaptations Annex to ISO 8879WebSGML Adaptations Annex to ISO 8879WebSGML Adaptations Annex to ISO 8879WebSGML Adaptations Annex to ISO 8879........
A data object is anA data object is anA data object is anA data object is anA data object is anA data object is anA data object is anA data object is an
XML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML document if it is if it is if it is if it is if it is if it is if it is if it is
well-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formed, as, as, as, as, as, as, as, as
defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.
A well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition be
validvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalid if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further
constraints.constraints.constraints.constraints.constraints.constraints.constraints.constraints.
Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.
Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called entitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentities. An entity may . An entity may . An entity may . An entity may . An entity may . An entity may . An entity may . An entity may referreferreferreferreferreferreferrefer to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their
inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or document entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entity........
Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements,
comments,comments,comments,comments,comments,comments,comments,comments,
character references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, and
processingprocessingprocessingprocessingprocessingprocessingprocessingprocessing
instructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicit
markup.markup.markup.markup.markup.markup.markup.markup.
The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described
in in in in in in in in ........
Well-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML Documents
A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is
a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:
Taken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, it
matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled documentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocument........
ItItItItItItItIt
meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.
Each of the Each of the Each of the Each of the Each of the Each of the Each of the Each of the parsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entities
which is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document is
well-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formed........
Matching the Matching the Matching the Matching the Matching the Matching the Matching the Matching the documentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocument production production production production production production production production
implies that:implies that:implies that:implies that:implies that:implies that:implies that:implies that:
It contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or more
elementselementselementselementselementselementselementselements........
There is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactly
one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the rootrootrootrootrootrootrootroot, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no
part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent of any other element. of any other element. of any other element. of any other element. of any other element. of any other element. of any other element. of any other element.
For all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of another
element, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. More
simply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nest
properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.
As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence
of this,of this,of this,of this,of this,of this,of this,of this,
for each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root element
CCCCCCCC in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element PPPPPPPP
in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that
CCCCCCCC is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of PPPPPPPP, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in
the content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content of
PPPPPPPP. . . . . . . .
PPPPPPPP is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the
parentparentparentparentparentparentparentparent of of of of of of of of CCCCCCCC, and , and , and , and , and , and , and , and CCCCCCCC as a as a as a as a as a as a as a as a
childchildchildchildchildchildchildchild of of of of of of of of PPPPPPPP........
A parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity contains
texttexttexttexttexttexttexttext, a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of
characterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacters, , , , , , , ,
which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.A A A A A A A A charactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharacter
is an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified by
ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ........
Legal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legal
graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.
The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8
of of of of of of of of , is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged.
Character RangeCharacter RangeCharacter RangeCharacter RangeCharacter RangeCharacter RangeCharacter RangeCharacter Range
CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar#x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD]
| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]any Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding the
surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.
The mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns may
vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8
and UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which of
the two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, are
discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in ........
This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.
SSSSSSSS (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20)
characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.
White SpaceWhite SpaceWhite SpaceWhite SpaceWhite SpaceWhite SpaceWhite SpaceWhite Space
SSSSSSSS(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+
Characters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or other
characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic
base character possiblybase character possiblybase character possiblybase character possiblybase character possiblybase character possiblybase character possiblybase character possibly
followed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographic
character. character. character. character. character. character. character. character.
Full definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each class
are given in are given in are given in are given in are given in are given in are given in are given in ........
A A A A A A A A NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName is a token is a token is a token is a token is a token is a token is a token is a token
beginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuing
with letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, together
known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.
Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "xmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxml", or any string", or any string", or any string", or any string", or any string", or any string", or any string", or any string
which would match which would match which would match which would match which would match which would match which would match which would match (('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l')), are, are, are, are, are, are, are, are
reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of this
specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.
The colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation with
name spaces. name spaces. name spaces. name spaces. name spaces. name spaces. name spaces. name spaces.
Its meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to be
standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents
using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.
(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism
adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)
In practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XML
names except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processors
should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.
AnAnAnAnAnAnAnAn
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of
name characters.name characters.name characters.name characters.name characters.name characters.name characters.name characters.
Names and TokensNames and TokensNames and TokensNames and TokensNames and TokensNames and TokensNames and TokensNames and Tokens
NameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetter
| | | | | | | | DigitDigitDigitDigitDigitDigitDigitDigit
| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'
| | | | | | | | CombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningChar
| | | | | | | | ExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderNameNameNameNameNameNameNameName((((((((LetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetter | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':')
((((((((NameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameChar)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*NamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
((((((((SSSSSSSSNameNameNameNameNameNameNameName)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken((((((((NameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameChar)+)+)+)+)+)+)+)+NmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (SSSSSSSSNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
Literal data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containing
the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.
Literals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are used
for specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entities
((((((((EntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue),),),),),),),),
the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue), ), ), ), ), ), ), ),
and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers
((((((((SystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteral). ). ). ). ). ). ). ).
Note that a Note that a Note that a Note that a Note that a Note that a Note that a Note that a SystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteral
can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.
LiteralsLiteralsLiteralsLiteralsLiteralsLiteralsLiteralsLiterals
EntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"'
([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%&&&&&&&&"] "] "] "] "] "] "] "]
| | | | | | | | PEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReference
| | | | | | | | ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"'
||||||||
"'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'"
([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%&&&&&&&&'] '] '] '] '] '] '] ']
| | | | | | | | PEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReference
| | | | | | | | ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
"'""'""'""'""'""'""'""'"AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"'
([^([^([^([^([^([^([^([^<<<<<<<<&&&&&&&&"] "] "] "] "] "] "] "]
| | | | | | | | ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"'
||||||||
"'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'"
([^([^([^([^([^([^([^([^<<<<<<<<&&&&&&&&'] '] '] '] '] '] '] ']
| | | | | | | | ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
"'""'""'""'""'""'""'""'"SystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteral('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') | ("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")
PubidLitePubidLitePubidLitePubidLitePubidLitePubidLitePubidLitePubidLiteralralralralralralralral'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' PubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidChar* * * * * * * *
'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"'
| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (PubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidChar - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'"PubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidChar#x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA
|||||||| [a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9]
|||||||| [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]
Character Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and Markup
TextTextTextTextTextTextTextText consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled
charactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharacter
datadatadatadatadatadatadatadata and markup. and markup. and markup. and markup. and markup. and markup. and markup. and markup.
MarkupMarkupMarkupMarkupMarkupMarkupMarkupMarkup takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of
start-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tags,,,,,,,,
end-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tags,,,,,,,,
empty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tags,,,,,,,,
entity referencesentity referencesentity referencesentity referencesentity referencesentity referencesentity referencesentity references,,,,,,,,
character referencescharacter referencescharacter referencescharacter referencescharacter referencescharacter referencescharacter referencescharacter references,,,,,,,,
commentscommentscommentscommentscommentscommentscommentscomments,,,,,,,,
CDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA section delimiters, delimiters, delimiters, delimiters, delimiters, delimiters, delimiters, delimiters,
document type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarations, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and
processing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructions........
All text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markup
constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the character datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter data of of of of of of of of
the document.the document.the document.the document.the document.the document.the document.the document.
The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (&&&&&&&&) and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket (<<<<<<<<))))))))
may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form onlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonly when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup
delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a commentcommentcommentcommentcommentcommentcommentcomment, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a
processing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instruction, , , , , , , ,
or a or a or a or a or a or a or a or a CDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA section. . . . . . . .
They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the literal entityliteral entityliteral entityliteral entityliteral entityliteral entityliteral entityliteral entity
valuevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevalue of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see
........
If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,
they must be they must be they must be they must be they must be they must be they must be they must be escapedescapedescapedescapedescapedescapedescapedescaped
using either using either using either using either using either using either using either using either numeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character references
or the stringsor the stringsor the stringsor the stringsor the stringsor the stringsor the stringsor the strings
""""""""&&&&&&&&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "&&&&&&&<lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;" respectively. " respectively. " respectively. " respectively. " respectively. " respectively. " respectively. " respectively.
The right angleThe right angleThe right angleThe right angleThe right angleThe right angleThe right angleThe right angle
bracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the string
""""""""&&&&&&&>gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;", and must, ", and must, ", and must, ", and must, ", and must, ", and must, ", and must, ", and must, forforforforforforforfor
compatibilitycompatibilitycompatibilitycompatibilitycompatibilitycompatibilitycompatibilitycompatibility, , , , , , , ,
be escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped using
""""""""&&&&&&&>gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;" or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference
when it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the string
""""""""]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>>>>>>>>""""""""
in content, in content, in content, in content, in content, in content, in content, in content,
when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of
a a a a a a a a CDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA section. . . . . . . .
In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data
is any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which does
not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup.
In a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character data
is any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-close
delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>>>>>>>>".".".".".".".".
To allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, the
apostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented as
""""""""&&&&&&&'apos;apos;apos;apos;apos;apos;apos;", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as
""""""""&&&&&&&"quot;quot;quot;quot;quot;quot;quot;".".".".".".".".
Character DataCharacter DataCharacter DataCharacter DataCharacter DataCharacter DataCharacter DataCharacter Data
CharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharData[^[^[^[^[^[^[^[^<<<<<<<<&&&&&&&&]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^<<<<<<<<&&&&&&&&]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]>>>>>>>>' [^' [^' [^' [^' [^' [^' [^' [^<<<<<<<<&&&&&&&&]*)]*)]*)]*)]*)]*)]*)]*)
CommentsCommentsCommentsCommentsCommentsCommentsCommentsComments may may may may may may may may
appear anywhere in a document outside other appear anywhere in a document outside other appear anywhere in a document outside other appear anywhere in a document outside other appear anywhere in a document outside other appear anywhere in a document outside other appear anywhere in a document outside other appear anywhere in a document outside other
markupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkup; in addition,; in addition,; in addition,; in addition,; in addition,; in addition,; in addition,; in addition,
they may appear within the document type declarationthey may appear within the document type declarationthey may appear within the document type declarationthey may appear within the document type declarationthey may appear within the document type declarationthey may appear within the document type declarationthey may appear within the document type declarationthey may appear within the document type declaration
at places allowed by the grammar.at places allowed by the grammar.at places allowed by the grammar.at places allowed by the grammar.at places allowed by the grammar.at places allowed by the grammar.at places allowed by the grammar.at places allowed by the grammar.
They are not part of the document's They are not part of the document's They are not part of the document's They are not part of the document's They are not part of the document's They are not part of the document's They are not part of the document's They are not part of the document's charactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharacter
datadatadatadatadatadatadatadata; an XML; an XML; an XML; an XML; an XML; an XML; an XML; an XML
processor may, but need not, make it possible for an application toprocessor may, but need not, make it possible for an application toprocessor may, but need not, make it possible for an application toprocessor may, but need not, make it possible for an application toprocessor may, but need not, make it possible for an application toprocessor may, but need not, make it possible for an application toprocessor may, but need not, make it possible for an application toprocessor may, but need not, make it possible for an application to
retrieve the text of comments.retrieve the text of comments.retrieve the text of comments.retrieve the text of comments.retrieve the text of comments.retrieve the text of comments.retrieve the text of comments.retrieve the text of comments.
For compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibility, the string, the string, the string, the string, the string, the string, the string, the string
""""""""----------------" (double-hyphen) must not occur within" (double-hyphen) must not occur within" (double-hyphen) must not occur within" (double-hyphen) must not occur within" (double-hyphen) must not occur within" (double-hyphen) must not occur within" (double-hyphen) must not occur within" (double-hyphen) must not occur within
comments.comments.comments.comments.comments.comments.comments.comments.
CommentsCommentsCommentsCommentsCommentsCommentsCommentsComments
CommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentComment''''''''<<<<<<<<!--'!--'!--'!--'!--'!--'!--'!--'
((((((((((((((((CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar - '-') - '-') - '-') - '-') - '-') - '-') - '-') - '-')
| ('-' (| ('-' (| ('-' (| ('-' (| ('-' (| ('-' (| ('-' (| ('-' (CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar - '-')))* - '-')))* - '-')))* - '-')))* - '-')))* - '-')))* - '-')))* - '-')))*
'-->''-->''-->''-->''-->''-->''-->''-->'
An example of a comment:An example of a comment:An example of a comment:An example of a comment:An example of a comment:An example of a comment:An example of a comment:An example of a comment:
<<<<<<<<!!!!!!!!---------------- declarations for declarations for declarations for declarations for declarations for declarations for declarations for declarations for <<<<<<<<head> head> head> head> head> head> head> head> &&&&&&&& <<<<<<<<body> body> body> body> body> body> body> body> ---------------->>>>>>>>
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
instructionsinstructionsinstructionsinstructionsinstructionsinstructionsinstructionsinstructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions
for applications.for applications.for applications.for applications.for applications.for applications.for applications.for applications.
Processing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing Instructions
PIPIPIPIPIPIPIPI''''''''<<<<<<<<?' ?' ?' ?' ?' ?' ?' ?' PITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITarget
((((((((SSSSSSSS
((((((((CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * -
((((((((CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* * * * * * * * '?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>' CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar*)))?*)))?*)))?*)))?*)))?*)))?*)))?*)))?
'?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>'PITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetNameNameNameNameNameNameNameName - - - - - - - -
(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))
PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's charactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharacter
datadatadatadatadatadatadatadata, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The
PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITarget) used) used) used) used) used) used) used) used
to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed.
The target names "The target names "The target names "The target names "The target names "The target names "The target names "The target names "XMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXML", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "xmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxml", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are
reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of this
specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.
The The The The The The The The
XML XML XML XML XML XML XML XML NotationNotationNotationNotationNotationNotationNotationNotation mechanism mechanism mechanism mechanism mechanism mechanism mechanism mechanism
may be used formay be used formay be used formay be used formay be used formay be used formay be used formay be used for
formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.
CDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sections
may occur may occur may occur may occur may occur may occur may occur may occur
anywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they are
used to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which would
otherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with the
string "string "string "string "string "string "string "string "<<<<<<<<![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string
""""""""]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>>>>>>>>":":":":":":":":
CDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA Sections
CDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStart''''''''<<<<<<<<![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['CDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCData((((((((CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * -
((((((((CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* ']]* ']]* ']]* ']]* ']]* ']]* ']]* ']]>>>>>>>>' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar*))*))*))*))*))*))*))*))
CDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEnd']]']]']]']]']]']]']]']]>>>>>>>>''''''''
Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the CDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEnd string is string is string is string is string is string is string is string is
recognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur in
their literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped using
""""""""&&&&&&&<lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "&&&&&&&&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections
cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.
An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "<<<<<<<<greeting>greeting>greeting>greeting>greeting>greeting>greeting>greeting>" and " and " and " and " and " and " and " and
""""""""<<<<<<<</greeting>/greeting>/greeting>/greeting>/greeting>/greeting>/greeting>/greeting>""""""""
are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as character datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter data, not, not, not, not, not, not, not, not
markupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkup::::::::
<<<<<<<<![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[<<<<<<<<greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!<<<<<<<</greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]>>>>>>>>
Prolog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type Declaration
XML documents XML documents XML documents XML documents XML documents XML documents XML documents XML documents
may, and should, may, and should, may, and should, may, and should, may, and should, may, and should, may, and should, may, and should,
begin with an begin with an begin with an begin with an begin with an begin with an begin with an begin with an XML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declaration which specifies which specifies which specifies which specifies which specifies which specifies which specifies which specifies
the version ofthe version ofthe version ofthe version ofthe version ofthe version ofthe version ofthe version of
XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.
For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, well-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formed but not but not but not but not but not but not but not but not
validvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalid::::::::
Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!
]]>
and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:
Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!
]]>
The version number "The version number "The version number "The version number "The version number "The version number "The version number "The version number "1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate
conformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an error
for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0" " " " " " " "
if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.
It is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intent
of the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specification
numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not
indicate aindicate aindicate aindicate aindicate aindicate aindicate aindicate a
commitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, to
use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.
Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided
as a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, should
it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.
Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with
versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support.
The function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe its
storage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairs
with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the document type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declaration, to define, to define, to define, to define, to define, to define, to define, to define
constraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use of
predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.
An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is
validvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalid if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type
declaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the document
complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.
The document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear before
the first the first the first the first the first the first the first the first elementelementelementelementelementelementelementelement in the document. in the document. in the document. in the document. in the document. in the document. in the document. in the document.
PrologPrologPrologPrologPrologPrologPrologProlog
prologprologprologprologprologprologprologprologXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDecl? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
MiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMisc* * * * * * * *
((((((((doctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedeclMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMisc*)?*)?*)?*)?*)?*)?*)?*)?XMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDecl''''''''<<<<<<<<?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'
VersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDecl? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
SDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDecl? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
'?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>'VersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoSSSSSSSS 'version' 'version' 'version' 'version' 'version' 'version' 'version' 'version' EqEqEqEqEqEqEqEq
(' (' (' (' (' (' (' (' VersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNum ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
| " | " | " | " | " | " | " | " VersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNum ") ") ") ") ") ") ") ")EqEqEqEqEqEqEqEqSSSSSSSS? '=' ? '=' ? '=' ? '=' ? '=' ? '=' ? '=' ? '=' SSSSSSSS????????VersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNum([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+MiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentComment | | | | | | | | PIPIPIPIPIPIPIPI | | | | | | | |
SSSSSSSS
The XMLThe XMLThe XMLThe XMLThe XMLThe XMLThe XMLThe XML
document type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declaration
contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to
markup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarations
that provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for a
class of documents. class of documents. class of documents. class of documents. class of documents. class of documents. class of documents. class of documents.
This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,
or or or or or or or or DTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTD. . . . . . . .
The document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (a
special kind of special kind of special kind of special kind of special kind of special kind of special kind of special kind of
external entityexternal entityexternal entityexternal entityexternal entityexternal entityexternal entityexternal entity) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup
declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can
contain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can do
both. both. both. both. both. both. both. both.
The DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets taken
together.together.together.together.together.together.together.together.
A A A A A A A A markup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declaration is is is is is is is is
an an an an an an an an element type declarationelement type declarationelement type declarationelement type declarationelement type declarationelement type declarationelement type declarationelement type declaration, , , , , , , ,
an an an an an an an an attribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declaration, , , , , , , ,
an an an an an an an an entity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declaration, or, or, or, or, or, or, or, or
a a a a a a a a notation declarationnotation declarationnotation declarationnotation declarationnotation declarationnotation declarationnotation declarationnotation declaration........
These declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in part
within within within within within within within within parameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entities,,,,,,,,
as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.
For fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, see
........
The markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part of
the the the the the the the the replacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement text of of of of of of of of
parameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entities........
The productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification for
individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (elementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdecl,,,,,,,,
AttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDecl, and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe
the declarations the declarations the declarations the declarations the declarations the declarations the declarations the declarations afterafterafterafterafterafterafterafter all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been
includedincludedincludedincludedincludedincludedincludedincluded........
Root Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element Type
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must
match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the root elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot element........
Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity
replacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement text must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested
with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations.
That is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first character
or the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markup
declaration (declaration (declaration (declaration (declaration (declaration (declaration (declaration (markupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdecl above) above) above) above) above) above) above) above)
is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a
parameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity reference,,,,,,,,
both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.
PEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal Subset
In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset,
parameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity references
can occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, not
within markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply to
references that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur in
external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)
Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and
any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD
must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types
allowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbol
markupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdecl, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space
or or or or or or or or parameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity references........
However, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contents
of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the
external subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignored
by using by using by using by using by using by using by using by using
the the the the the the the the conditional sectionconditional sectionconditional sectionconditional sectionconditional sectionconditional sectionconditional sectionconditional section
construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.
External SubsetExternal SubsetExternal SubsetExternal SubsetExternal SubsetExternal SubsetExternal SubsetExternal Subset
extSubsetextSubsetextSubsetextSubsetextSubsetextSubsetextSubsetextSubsetTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDecl????????
extSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDecl((((((((
markupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdecl
| | | | | | | | conditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSect
| | | | | | | | PEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReference
| | | | | | | | SSSSSSSS
)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ
from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,
parameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity references
are permitted are permitted are permitted are permitted are permitted are permitted are permitted are permitted withinwithinwithinwithinwithinwithinwithinwithin markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations,
not only not only not only not only not only not only not only not only betweenbetweenbetweenbetweenbetweenbetweenbetweenbetween markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations.
An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:
Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!
]]>
The The The The The The The The system identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifier
""""""""hello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtd" gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document.
The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this
example:example:example:example:example:example:example:example:
]>]>]>]>]>]>]>]>
Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!
]]>
If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the
internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.
This has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in the
internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.
Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,
as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an XML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processor
to an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entity
declarations.declarations.declarations.declarations.declarations.declarations.declarations.declarations.
The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,
which may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signals
whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to
the the the the the the the the document entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entity........
Standalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document Declaration
SDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSSSSSSSS
'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' EqEqEqEqEqEqEqEq
(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))
In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyes" indicates" indicates" indicates" indicates" indicates" indicates" indicates" indicates
that there that there that there that there that there that there that there that there
are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the documentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocument
entityentityentityentityentityentityentityentity (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an
external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)
which affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor to
the application. the application. the application. the application. the application. the application. the application. the application.
The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "nononononononono" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such
external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.
Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only
denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external declarationsdeclarationsdeclarationsdeclarationsdeclarationsdeclarationsdeclarationsdeclarations; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a
document, of document, of document, of document, of document, of document, of document, of document, of
references to external references to external references to external references to external references to external references to external references to external references to external entitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentities, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are
internally declared, internally declared, internally declared, internally declared, internally declared, internally declared, internally declared, internally declared,
does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.
If there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone document
declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning.
If there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standalone
document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "nononononononono" is assumed." is assumed." is assumed." is assumed." is assumed." is assumed." is assumed." is assumed.
Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no" holds can holds can holds can holds can holds can holds can holds can holds can
be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document,
which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.
The standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must have
the value "the value "the value "the value "the value "the value "the value "the value "nononononononono" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations
contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:
attributes with attributes with attributes with attributes with attributes with attributes with attributes with attributes with defaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefault values, if values, if values, if values, if values, if values, if values, if values, if
elements to whichelements to whichelements to whichelements to whichelements to whichelements to whichelements to whichelements to which
these attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document without
specifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, or
entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than ampampampampampampampamp,,,,,,,,
ltltltltltltltlt,,,,,,,,
gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt,,,,,,,,
aposaposaposaposaposaposaposapos,,,,,,,,
quotquotquotquotquotquotquotquot), ), ), ), ), ), ), ),
if if if if if if if if referencesreferencesreferencesreferencesreferencesreferencesreferencesreferences to those to those to those to those to those to those to those to those
entities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, or
attributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject to
normalizationnormalizationnormalizationnormalizationnormalizationnormalizationnormalizationnormalization, where the, where the, where the, where the, where the, where the, where the, where the
attribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which will
change as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, or
element types with element types with element types with element types with element types with element types with element types with element types with element contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement content, , , , , , , ,
if white space occursif white space occursif white space occursif white space occursif white space occursif white space occursif white space occursif white space occurs
directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.
An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:<<<<<<<<?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>
White Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space Handling
In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"
(spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal
SSSSSSSS in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to
set apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typically
not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.
On the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in the
delivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry and
source code.source code.source code.source code.source code.source code.source code.source code.
An An An An An An An An XML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processor
must always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are not
markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A
validating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processor must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application
which of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearing
in in in in in in in in element contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement content........
A special A special A special A special A special A special A special A special attributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattribute
named named named named named named named named xml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:space may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element
to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,
white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.
In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be
declareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclared if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used.
When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an
enumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated type whose only whose only whose only whose only whose only whose only whose only whose only
possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "defaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefault" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "preservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreserve".".".".".".".".
For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example: ]]>
The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "defaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefault" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'
default white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; the
value "value "value "value "value "value "value "value "preservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve
all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.
This declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the content
of the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instance
of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the xml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:space attribute. attribute. attribute. attribute. attribute. attribute. attribute. attribute.
The The The The The The The The root elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot element of any document of any document of any document of any document of any document of any document of any document of any document
is considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application space
handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for
this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.
XML XML XML XML XML XML XML XML parsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entities are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in
computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.
These lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the characters
carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).
To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of applicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplications,,,,,,,,
wherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity value
of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal
two-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literal
#xD, an #xD, an #xD, an #xD, an #xD, an #xD, an #xD, an #xD, an XML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processor must must must must must must must must
pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.
(This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can
conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all
line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)
Language IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage Identification
In document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful to
identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language
in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is
written.written.written.written.written.written.written.written.
A special A special A special A special A special A special A special A special attributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattribute named named named named named named named named
xml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:lang may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in
documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the
language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values
of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.
In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be
declareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclared if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used.
The values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as defined
by by by by by by by by , "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":
Language IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage Identification
LanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageIDLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcode
('-' ('-' ('-' ('-' ('-' ('-' ('-' ('-' SubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcode)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*LangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639Code | | | | | | | |
IanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCode | | | | | | | |
UserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639Code([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])IanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCode('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+UserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCode('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+SubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcode([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+
The The The The The The The The LangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcode may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following:
a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by
, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes
for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"
a language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the
prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-" (or "" (or "" (or "" (or "" (or "" (or "" (or "" (or "I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-")")")")")")")")
a language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed on
between parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with the
prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-" or "" or "" or "" or "" or "" or "" or "" or "X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-" in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict
with names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANA
There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of SubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcode segments; if segments; if segments; if segments; if segments; if segments; if segments; if segments; if
the first the first the first the first the first the first the first the first
subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two
letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from
, "Codes , "Codes , "Codes , "Codes , "Codes , "Codes , "Codes , "Codes
for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."
If the first If the first If the first If the first If the first If the first If the first If the first
subcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must be
a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,
unless the unless the unless the unless the unless the unless the unless the unless the LangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcode begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix
""""""""x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-" or" or" or" or" or" or" or" or
""""""""X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-". ". ". ". ". ". ". ".
It is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, and
the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.
Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,
are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.
For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
Habe nun, ach! Philosophie,Habe nun, ach! Philosophie,Habe nun, ach! Philosophie,Habe nun, ach! Philosophie,Habe nun, ach! Philosophie,Habe nun, ach! Philosophie,Habe nun, ach! Philosophie,Habe nun, ach! Philosophie,Juristerei, und MedizinJuristerei, und MedizinJuristerei, und MedizinJuristerei, und MedizinJuristerei, und MedizinJuristerei, und MedizinJuristerei, und MedizinJuristerei, und Medizinund leider auch Theologieund leider auch Theologieund leider auch Theologieund leider auch Theologieund leider auch Theologieund leider auch Theologieund leider auch Theologieund leider auch Theologiedurchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n.durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n.durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n.durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n.durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n.durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n.durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n.durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n.]]>
The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with xml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:lang is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to
all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,
unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of xml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:lang
on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.
A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for xml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:lang might take might take might take might take might take might take might take might take
the formthe formthe formthe formthe formthe formthe formthe form
xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
but specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In a
collection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses and
notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:
]]>
Each Each Each Each Each Each Each Each XML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML document contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more
elementselementselementselementselementselementselementselements, the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are
either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by start-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tags
and and and and and and and and end-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tags, or, for , or, for , or, for , or, for , or, for , or, for , or, for , or, for emptyemptyemptyemptyemptyemptyemptyempty elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an empty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tag. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,
identified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "generic
identifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set of
attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications. Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification
has a has a has a has a has a has a has a has a namenamenamenamenamenamenamename and a and a and a and a and a and a and a and a valuevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevalue........
This specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyond
syntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that names
beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to (('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))
are reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of this
specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.
Element Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type Match
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match
the element type inthe element type inthe element type inthe element type inthe element type inthe element type inthe element type inthe element type in
the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.
Element ValidElement ValidElement ValidElement ValidElement ValidElement ValidElement ValidElement Valid
An element isAn element isAn element isAn element isAn element isAn element isAn element isAn element is
valid ifvalid ifvalid ifvalid ifvalid ifvalid ifvalid ifvalid if
there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching
elementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdecl where the where the where the where the where the where the where the where the
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and
one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:
The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches EMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTY and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no
contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent........
The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches childrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildren and and and and and and and and
the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of
child elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elements
belongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression in
the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters
matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal SSSSSSSS) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair
of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.
The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches MixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixed and and and and and and and and
the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of character character character character character character character character
datadatadatadatadatadatadatadata and and and and and and and and child elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elements
whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.
The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches ANYANYANYANYANYANYANYANY, and the types, and the types, and the types, and the types, and the types, and the types, and the types, and the types
of any of any of any of any of any of any of any of any child elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elements have have have have have have have have
been declared.been declared.been declared.been declared.been declared.been declared.been declared.been declared.
Start-Tags, End-Tags, and Empty-Element TagsStart-Tags, End-Tags, and Empty-Element TagsStart-Tags, End-Tags, and Empty-Element TagsStart-Tags, End-Tags, and Empty-Element TagsStart-Tags, End-Tags, and Empty-Element TagsStart-Tags, End-Tags, and Empty-Element TagsStart-Tags, End-Tags, and Empty-Element TagsStart-Tags, End-Tags, and Empty-Element Tags
The beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of every
non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a start-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tag........
Start-tagStart-tagStart-tagStart-tagStart-tagStart-tagStart-tagStart-tag
STagSTagSTagSTagSTagSTagSTagSTag''''''''<<<<<<<<' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
((((((((SSSSSSSSAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttribute)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
SSSSSSSS? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'AttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeNameNameNameNameNameNameNameNameEqEqEqEqEqEqEqEqAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in in in in in in in in
the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the
element's element's element's element's element's element's element's element's typetypetypetypetypetypetypetype........
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName--------AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue pairs are pairs are pairs are pairs are pairs are pairs are pairs are pairs are
referred to as referred to as referred to as referred to as referred to as referred to as referred to as referred to as
the the the the the the the the attribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specifications of the element of the element of the element of the element of the element of the element of the element of the element,,,,,,,,
with the with the with the with the with the with the with the with the
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in each pair in each pair in each pair in each pair in each pair in each pair in each pair in each pair
referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the attribute nameattribute nameattribute nameattribute nameattribute nameattribute nameattribute nameattribute name and and and and and and and and
the content of thethe content of thethe content of thethe content of thethe content of thethe content of thethe content of thethe content of the
AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the
'''''''' or or or or or or or or """""""" delimiters) delimiters) delimiters) delimiters) delimiters) delimiters) delimiters) delimiters)
as the as the as the as the as the as the as the as the attribute valueattribute valueattribute valueattribute valueattribute valueattribute valueattribute valueattribute value........
Unique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att Spec
No attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tag
or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.
Attribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value Type
The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type
declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.
(For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see .).).).).).).).)
Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references
to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.
No No No No No No No No <<<<<<<< in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values
The The The The The The The The replacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement text of any entity of any entity of any entity of any entity of any entity of any entity of any entity of any entity
referred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attribute
value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "&&&&&&&<lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain
a a a a a a a a <<<<<<<<........
An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:
<<<<<<<<termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">
The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element
that begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag must
be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an end-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tag
containing a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in the
start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:
End-tagEnd-tagEnd-tagEnd-tagEnd-tagEnd-tagEnd-tagEnd-tag
ETagETagETagETagETagETagETagETag''''''''<<<<<<<</' /' /' /' /' /' /' /' NameNameNameNameNameNameNameNameSSSSSSSS? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'
An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:<<<<<<<</termdef>/termdef>/termdef>/termdef>/termdef>/termdef>/termdef>/termdef>
The The The The The The The The
texttexttexttexttexttexttexttext between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and
end-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element's
contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent::::::::
Content of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of Elements
contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent((((((((elementelementelementelementelementelementelementelement | | | | | | | | CharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharData
| | | | | | | | ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference | | | | | | | | CDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSect
| | | | | | | | PIPIPIPIPIPIPIPI | | | | | | | | CommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentComment)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
If an element is If an element is If an element is If an element is If an element is If an element is If an element is If an element is emptyemptyemptyemptyemptyemptyemptyempty,,,,,,,,
it must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followed
by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.An An An An An An An An
empty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tag takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form:
Tags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty Elements
EmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTag''''''''<<<<<<<<' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (SSSSSSSSAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttribute)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )* SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
'/'/'/'/'/'/'/'/>>>>>>>>''''''''
Empty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has no
content, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keyword
EMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTY........
For interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperability, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element
tag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which are
declareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclaredEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTY........
Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:
<<<<<<<<IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"
src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" />
<<<<<<<<br>br>br>br>br>br>br>br><<<<<<<</br>/br>/br>/br>/br>/br>/br>/br>
<<<<<<<<br/>br/>br/>br/>br/>br/>br/>br/>
Element Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type Declarations
The The The The The The The The elementelementelementelementelementelementelementelement structure of an structure of an structure of an structure of an structure of an structure of an structure of an structure of an
XML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML document may, for may, for may, for may, for may, for may, for may, for may, for
validationvalidationvalidationvalidationvalidationvalidationvalidationvalidation purposes, purposes, purposes, purposes, purposes, purposes, purposes, purposes,
be constrainedbe constrainedbe constrainedbe constrainedbe constrainedbe constrainedbe constrainedbe constrained
using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.
An element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element's
contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent........
Element type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types can
appear as appear as appear as appear as appear as appear as appear as appear as childrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildren of the element. of the element. of the element. of the element. of the element. of the element. of the element. of the element.
At user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warning
when a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declaration
is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.
An An An An An An An An elementelementelementelementelementelementelementelement
type declarationtype declarationtype declarationtype declarationtype declarationtype declarationtype declarationtype declaration takes the form: takes the form: takes the form: takes the form: takes the form: takes the form: takes the form: takes the form:
Element Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type Declaration
elementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdecl''''''''<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' SSSSSSSSNameNameNameNameNameNameNameNameSSSSSSSScontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspecSSSSSSSS? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'contentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspec'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY'
| 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY'
| | | | | | | | MixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixed
| | | | | | | | childrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildren
where the where the where the where the where the where the where the where the NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type
being declared.being declared.being declared.being declared.being declared.being declared.being declared.being declared.
Unique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type Declaration
No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.
Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>
Element ContentElement ContentElement ContentElement ContentElement ContentElement ContentElement ContentElement Content
An element An element An element An element An element An element An element An element typetypetypetypetypetypetypetype has has has has has has has has
element contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement content when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that
type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only childchildchildchildchildchildchildchild
elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by
white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal
SSSSSSSS).).).).).).).).
In this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, the
constraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governing
the allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the child
elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear.
The grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built on
content particles (content particles (content particles (content particles (content particles (content particles (content particles (content particles (cpcpcpcpcpcpcpcps), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names,
choice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, or
sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:
Element-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content Models
childrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildren((((((((choicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoice
| | | | | | | | seqseqseqseqseqseqseqseq) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?cpcpcpcpcpcpcpcp((((((((NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
| | | | | | | | choicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoice
| | | | | | | | seqseqseqseqseqseqseqseq) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?choicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoice'(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' SSSSSSSS? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp
( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( SSSSSSSS? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? cpcpcpcpcpcpcpcp )* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
SSSSSSSS? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'seqseqseqseqseqseqseqseq'(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' SSSSSSSS? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp
( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( SSSSSSSS? ',' ? ',' ? ',' ? ',' ? ',' ? ',' ? ',' ? ',' SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? cpcpcpcpcpcpcpcp )* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
SSSSSSSS? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'
where each where each where each where each where each where each where each where each NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may
appear as a appear as a appear as a appear as a appear as a appear as a appear as a appear as a childchildchildchildchildchildchildchild. . . . . . . .
Any contentAny contentAny contentAny contentAny contentAny contentAny contentAny content
particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the element contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement content at the location where at the location where at the location where at the location where at the location where at the location where at the location where at the location where
the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;
content particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must each
appear in the appear in the appear in the appear in the appear in the appear in the appear in the appear in the element contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement content in the in the in the in the in the in the in the in the
order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list.
The optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governs
whether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur one
or more (or more (or more (or more (or more (or more (or more (or more (++++++++), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (********), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or
one times (one times (one times (one times (one times (one times (one times (one times (????????). ). ). ). ). ). ). ).
The absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particle
must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.
This syntaxThis syntaxThis syntaxThis syntaxThis syntaxThis syntaxThis syntaxThis syntax
and meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in this
specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.
The content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it is
possible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying the
sequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element in
the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. For compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibility, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error
if an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document can
match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.
For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see ........
Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity
replacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement text must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested
with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.
That is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parentheses
in a in a in a in a in a in a in a in a choicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoice, , , , , , , , seqseqseqseqseqseqseqseq, or, or, or, or, or, or, or, or
MixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixed construct construct construct construct construct construct construct construct
is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a
parameter entityparameter entityparameter entityparameter entityparameter entityparameter entityparameter entityparameter entity,,,,,,,,
both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.
For interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperability, , , , , , , ,
if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a
choicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoice, , , , , , , , seqseqseqseqseqseqseqseq, or, or, or, or, or, or, or, or
MixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixed construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text
should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and
neither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blank
character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector
((((((((|||||||| or or or or or or or or ,,,,,,,,).).).).).).).).
Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>
An element An element An element An element An element An element An element An element
typetypetypetypetypetypetypetype has has has has has has has has
mixed contentmixed contentmixed contentmixed contentmixed contentmixed contentmixed contentmixed content when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain
character data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed with
childchildchildchildchildchildchildchild elements. elements. elements. elements. elements. elements. elements. elements.
In this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elements
may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:
Mixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content Declaration
MixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixed'(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
'#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA'
((((((((SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
'|' '|' '|' '|' '|' '|' '|' '|'
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
')*' ')*' ')*' ')*' ')*' ')*' ')*' ')*' | '(' | '(' | '(' | '(' | '(' | '(' | '(' | '(' SSSSSSSS? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' SSSSSSSS? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'
where the where the where the where the where the where the where the where the NameNameNameNameNameNameNameNames give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elements
that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.
The same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-content
declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.
Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>
AttributesAttributesAttributesAttributesAttributesAttributesAttributesAttributes are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate
name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with elementselementselementselementselementselementselementselements........
Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within start-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tags
and and and and and and and and empty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tags; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
thus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used to
recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in . . . . . . . .
Attribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-list
declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:
To define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a given
element type.element type.element type.element type.element type.element type.element type.element type.
To establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for these
attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.
To provide To provide To provide To provide To provide To provide To provide To provide default valuesdefault valuesdefault valuesdefault valuesdefault valuesdefault valuesdefault valuesdefault values
for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.
Attribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarations specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default
value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:
Attribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list Declaration
AttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDecl''''''''<<<<<<<<!ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' SSSSSSSSNameNameNameNameNameNameNameNameAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDef********
SSSSSSSS? '? '? '? '? '? '? '? '>>>>>>>>''''''''AttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefSSSSSSSSNameNameNameNameNameNameNameNameSSSSSSSSAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeSSSSSSSSDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDecl
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in the in the in the in the in the in the in the in the
AttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDecl rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At
user option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes are
declared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not an
error. The error. The error. The error. The error. The error. The error. The error. The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in the in the in the in the in the in the in the in the
AttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDef rule is rule is rule is rule is rule is rule is rule is rule is
the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.
When more than one When more than one When more than one When more than one When more than one When more than one When more than one When more than one AttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDecl is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a
given element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. When
more than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of a
given element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and later
declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored.
For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability, writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs
may choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declaration
for a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definition
for a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definition
in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.
For interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user option
issue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration is
provided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definition
is provided is provided is provided is provided is provided is provided is provided is provided
for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.
XML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, a
set of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may take
any literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexical
and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:
Attribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute Types
AttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringType
| | | | | | | | TokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedType
| | | | | | | | EnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringType'CDATA''CDATA''CDATA''CDATA''CDATA''CDATA''CDATA''CDATA'TokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedType'ID''ID''ID''ID''ID''ID''ID''ID'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'
IDIDIDIDIDIDIDID
Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type IDIDIDIDIDIDIDID must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName production. production. production. production. production. production. production. production.
A name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once in
an XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquely
identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them.
One ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element Type
No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.
An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of #IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED or or or or or or or or
#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED........
IDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREF
Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type IDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREF must match must match must match must match must match must match must match must match
the the the the the the the the NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName production, and production, and production, and production, and production, and production, and production, and production, and
values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type IDREFSIDREFSIDREFSIDREFSIDREFSIDREFSIDREFSIDREFS must match must match must match must match must match must match must match must match
NamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNames; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
each each each each each each each each NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on
some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. IDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREF values must values must values must values must values must values must values must values must
match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute.
Entity NameEntity NameEntity NameEntity NameEntity NameEntity NameEntity NameEntity Name
Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type ENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITY
must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName production, production, production, production, production, production, production, production,
values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type ENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIES must match must match must match must match must match must match must match must match
NamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNames;;;;;;;;
each each each each each each each each NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName must must must must must must must must
match thematch thematch thematch thematch thematch thematch thematch the
name of an name of an name of an name of an name of an name of an name of an name of an unparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entity declared in the declared in the declared in the declared in the declared in the declared in the declared in the declared in the
DTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTD........
Name TokenName TokenName TokenName TokenName TokenName TokenName TokenName Token
Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type NMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKEN must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken production; production; production; production; production; production; production; production;
values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type NMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENS must must must must must must must must
match match match match match match match match NmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokens........
Enumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributes can take one can take one can take one can take one can take one can take one can take one can take one
of a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declaration. There are two. There are two. There are two. There are two. There are two. There are two. There are two. There are two
kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:
Enumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute Types
EnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationType
| | | | | | | | EnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationType'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION'
SSSSSSSS
'(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '('
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
((((((((SSSSSSSS? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
SSSSSSSS? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'
EnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumeration'(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' SSSSSSSS????????
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken
((((((((SSSSSSSS? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|'
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
')'')'')'')'')'')'')'')'
A A A A A A A A NOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATION attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a
notationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotation, declared in the , declared in the , declared in the , declared in the , declared in the , declared in the , declared in the , declared in the
DTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, to
be used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attribute
is attached.is attached.is attached.is attached.is attached.is attached.is attached.is attached.
Values of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must match
one of the one of the one of the one of the one of the one of the one of the one of the notationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotation names included in names included in names included in names included in names included in names included in names included in names included in
the declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration must
be declared.be declared.be declared.be declared.be declared.be declared.be declared.be declared.
Values of this typeValues of this typeValues of this typeValues of this typeValues of this typeValues of this typeValues of this typeValues of this type
must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the
declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration.
For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability, the same the same the same the same the same the same the same the same
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the
enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.
An An An An An An An An attribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declaration provides provides provides provides provides provides provides provides
information on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whether
the attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor should
react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.
Attribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute Defaults
DefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDecl'#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED'
|||||||| '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue))))))))
In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, #REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED means that the means that the means that the means that the means that the means that the means that the means that the
attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, #IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED that no default that no default that no default that no default that no default that no default that no default that no default
value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.
If the If the If the If the If the If the If the If the
declarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclaration
is neither is neither is neither is neither is neither is neither is neither is neither #REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED nor nor nor nor nor nor nor nor #IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED, then the, then the, then the, then the, then the, then the, then the, then the
AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared
defaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefault value; the value; the value; the value; the value; the value; the value; the value; the #FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that
the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.
If a default valueIf a default valueIf a default valueIf a default valueIf a default valueIf a default valueIf a default valueIf a default value
is declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, it
is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with
the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.
If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword #REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED, then, then, then, then, then, then, then, then
the attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified for
all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.
The declaredThe declaredThe declaredThe declaredThe declaredThe declaredThe declaredThe declared
default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.
If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the
#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must
match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.
Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:
<<<<<<<<!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef
id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED
name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED>
<<<<<<<<!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list
type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered">
<<<<<<<<!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form
method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST">
Before the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the application
or checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, the
XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:
a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced
character to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute value
an entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing the
replacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entity
a whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed by
appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20
is appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an external
parsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsed
entityentityentityentityentityentityentityentity
other characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalized
valuevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevalue
If the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor must
further process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding any
leading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacing
sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)
character.character.character.character.character.character.character.character.
All attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treated
by a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declared
CDATACDATACDATACDATACDATACDATACDATACDATA........
Conditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sections are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the
document type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subset
which are which are which are which are which are which are which are which are
included in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based on
the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.
Conditional SectionConditional SectionConditional SectionConditional SectionConditional SectionConditional SectionConditional SectionConditional Section
conditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSect
| | | | | | | | ignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSect''''''''<<<<<<<<![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '['
extSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDecl
']]']]']]']]']]']]']]']]>>>>>>>>''''''''
ignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSect''''''''<<<<<<<<![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '['
ignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContents********
']]']]']]']]']]']]']]']]>>>>>>>>''''''''ignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnore
('('('('('('('('<<<<<<<<![' ![' ![' ![' ![' ![' ![' ![' ignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContents ']] ']] ']] ']] ']] ']] ']] ']]>>>>>>>>' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
IgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnore)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*IgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreCharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * -
((((((((CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* ('* ('* ('* ('* ('* ('* ('* ('<<<<<<<<![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]>>>>>>>>') ') ') ') ') ') ') ')
CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)
Like the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional section
may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,
comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions,
or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.
If the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of the
conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is INCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDE, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional
section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.
If the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditional
section is section is section is section is section is section is section is section is IGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNORE, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are
not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.
Note that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignored
conditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order to
detect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of the
outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.
If a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with a
keyword of keyword of keyword of keyword of keyword of keyword of keyword of keyword of INCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDE occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional
section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of IGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNORE, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the
inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.
If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a
parameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by its
content before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether to
include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.
An example:An example:An example:An example:An example:An example:An example:An example:
<<<<<<<<!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >
<<<<<<<<!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >
<<<<<<<<![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>>>>>>>>
<<<<<<<<![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>>>>>>>>
An XML document may consistAn XML document may consistAn XML document may consistAn XML document may consistAn XML document may consistAn XML document may consistAn XML document may consistAn XML document may consist
of one or many storage units. These are calledof one or many storage units. These are calledof one or many storage units. These are calledof one or many storage units. These are calledof one or many storage units. These are calledof one or many storage units. These are calledof one or many storage units. These are calledof one or many storage units. These are called
entitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentities; they all have ; they all have ; they all have ; they all have ; they all have ; they all have ; they all have ; they all have contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent and are all and are all and are all and are all and are all and are all and are all and are all
(except for the document entity, see below, and (except for the document entity, see below, and (except for the document entity, see below, and (except for the document entity, see below, and (except for the document entity, see below, and (except for the document entity, see below, and (except for the document entity, see below, and (except for the document entity, see below, and
the the the the the the the the external DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subset) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
identified by identified by identified by identified by identified by identified by identified by identified by namenamenamenamenamenamenamename........
Each XML document has one entityEach XML document has one entityEach XML document has one entityEach XML document has one entityEach XML document has one entityEach XML document has one entityEach XML document has one entityEach XML document has one entity
called the called the called the called the called the called the called the called the document entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entity, which serves, which serves, which serves, which serves, which serves, which serves, which serves, which serves
as the starting point for the as the starting point for the as the starting point for the as the starting point for the as the starting point for the as the starting point for the as the starting point for the as the starting point for the XMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXML
processorprocessorprocessorprocessorprocessorprocessorprocessorprocessor and may contain the whole document. and may contain the whole document. and may contain the whole document. and may contain the whole document. and may contain the whole document. and may contain the whole document. and may contain the whole document. and may contain the whole document.
Entities may be either parsed or unparsed.Entities may be either parsed or unparsed.Entities may be either parsed or unparsed.Entities may be either parsed or unparsed.Entities may be either parsed or unparsed.Entities may be either parsed or unparsed.Entities may be either parsed or unparsed.Entities may be either parsed or unparsed.
A A A A A A A A parsed entity'sparsed entity'sparsed entity'sparsed entity'sparsed entity'sparsed entity'sparsed entity'sparsed entity's
contents are referred to as its contents are referred to as its contents are referred to as its contents are referred to as its contents are referred to as its contents are referred to as its contents are referred to as its contents are referred to as its
replacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement text;;;;;;;;
this this this this this this this this texttexttexttexttexttexttexttext is considered an is considered an is considered an is considered an is considered an is considered an is considered an is considered an
integral part of the document.integral part of the document.integral part of the document.integral part of the document.integral part of the document.integral part of the document.integral part of the document.integral part of the document.
An An An An An An An An
unparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entity
is a resource whose contents may or may not beis a resource whose contents may or may not beis a resource whose contents may or may not beis a resource whose contents may or may not beis a resource whose contents may or may not beis a resource whose contents may or may not beis a resource whose contents may or may not beis a resource whose contents may or may not be
texttexttexttexttexttexttexttext, and if text, may not be XML., and if text, may not be XML., and if text, may not be XML., and if text, may not be XML., and if text, may not be XML., and if text, may not be XML., and if text, may not be XML., and if text, may not be XML.
Each unparsed entityEach unparsed entityEach unparsed entityEach unparsed entityEach unparsed entityEach unparsed entityEach unparsed entityEach unparsed entity
has an associated has an associated has an associated has an associated has an associated has an associated has an associated has an associated notationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotation, identified by name., identified by name., identified by name., identified by name., identified by name., identified by name., identified by name., identified by name.
Beyond a requirementBeyond a requirementBeyond a requirementBeyond a requirementBeyond a requirementBeyond a requirementBeyond a requirementBeyond a requirement
that an XML processor make the identifiers for the entity and that an XML processor make the identifiers for the entity and that an XML processor make the identifiers for the entity and that an XML processor make the identifiers for the entity and that an XML processor make the identifiers for the entity and that an XML processor make the identifiers for the entity and that an XML processor make the identifiers for the entity and that an XML processor make the identifiers for the entity and
notation available to the application,notation available to the application,notation available to the application,notation available to the application,notation available to the application,notation available to the application,notation available to the application,notation available to the application,
XML places no constraints on the contents of unparsed entities.XML places no constraints on the contents of unparsed entities.XML places no constraints on the contents of unparsed entities.XML places no constraints on the contents of unparsed entities.XML places no constraints on the contents of unparsed entities.XML places no constraints on the contents of unparsed entities.XML places no constraints on the contents of unparsed entities.XML places no constraints on the contents of unparsed entities.
Parsed entities are invoked by name using entity references;Parsed entities are invoked by name using entity references;Parsed entities are invoked by name using entity references;Parsed entities are invoked by name using entity references;Parsed entities are invoked by name using entity references;Parsed entities are invoked by name using entity references;Parsed entities are invoked by name using entity references;Parsed entities are invoked by name using entity references;
unparsed entities by name, given in the value of unparsed entities by name, given in the value of unparsed entities by name, given in the value of unparsed entities by name, given in the value of unparsed entities by name, given in the value of unparsed entities by name, given in the value of unparsed entities by name, given in the value of unparsed entities by name, given in the value of ENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITY
or or or or or or or or ENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIES
attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.
General entitiesGeneral entitiesGeneral entitiesGeneral entitiesGeneral entitiesGeneral entitiesGeneral entitiesGeneral entities
are entities for use within the document content.are entities for use within the document content.are entities for use within the document content.are entities for use within the document content.are entities for use within the document content.are entities for use within the document content.are entities for use within the document content.are entities for use within the document content.
In this specification, general entities are sometimes referred In this specification, general entities are sometimes referred In this specification, general entities are sometimes referred In this specification, general entities are sometimes referred In this specification, general entities are sometimes referred In this specification, general entities are sometimes referred In this specification, general entities are sometimes referred In this specification, general entities are sometimes referred
to with the unqualified term to with the unqualified term to with the unqualified term to with the unqualified term to with the unqualified term to with the unqualified term to with the unqualified term to with the unqualified term entityentityentityentityentityentityentityentity when this leads when this leads when this leads when this leads when this leads when this leads when this leads when this leads
to no ambiguity.to no ambiguity.to no ambiguity.to no ambiguity.to no ambiguity.to no ambiguity.to no ambiguity.to no ambiguity.Parameter entities Parameter entities Parameter entities Parameter entities Parameter entities Parameter entities Parameter entities Parameter entities
are parsed entities for use within the DTD.are parsed entities for use within the DTD.are parsed entities for use within the DTD.are parsed entities for use within the DTD.are parsed entities for use within the DTD.are parsed entities for use within the DTD.are parsed entities for use within the DTD.are parsed entities for use within the DTD.
These two types of entities use different forms of reference andThese two types of entities use different forms of reference andThese two types of entities use different forms of reference andThese two types of entities use different forms of reference andThese two types of entities use different forms of reference andThese two types of entities use different forms of reference andThese two types of entities use different forms of reference andThese two types of entities use different forms of reference and
are recognized in different contexts.are recognized in different contexts.are recognized in different contexts.are recognized in different contexts.are recognized in different contexts.are recognized in different contexts.are recognized in different contexts.are recognized in different contexts.
Furthermore, they occupy different namespaces; a parameter entity andFurthermore, they occupy different namespaces; a parameter entity andFurthermore, they occupy different namespaces; a parameter entity andFurthermore, they occupy different namespaces; a parameter entity andFurthermore, they occupy different namespaces; a parameter entity andFurthermore, they occupy different namespaces; a parameter entity andFurthermore, they occupy different namespaces; a parameter entity andFurthermore, they occupy different namespaces; a parameter entity and
a general entity with the same name are two distinct entities.a general entity with the same name are two distinct entities.a general entity with the same name are two distinct entities.a general entity with the same name are two distinct entities.a general entity with the same name are two distinct entities.a general entity with the same name are two distinct entities.a general entity with the same name are two distinct entities.a general entity with the same name are two distinct entities.
Character and Entity ReferencesCharacter and Entity ReferencesCharacter and Entity ReferencesCharacter and Entity ReferencesCharacter and Entity ReferencesCharacter and Entity ReferencesCharacter and Entity ReferencesCharacter and Entity References
A A A A A A A A character referencecharacter referencecharacter referencecharacter referencecharacter referencecharacter referencecharacter referencecharacter reference refers to a specific character in the refers to a specific character in the refers to a specific character in the refers to a specific character in the refers to a specific character in the refers to a specific character in the refers to a specific character in the refers to a specific character in the
ISO/IEC 10646 character set, for example one not directly accessible fromISO/IEC 10646 character set, for example one not directly accessible fromISO/IEC 10646 character set, for example one not directly accessible fromISO/IEC 10646 character set, for example one not directly accessible fromISO/IEC 10646 character set, for example one not directly accessible fromISO/IEC 10646 character set, for example one not directly accessible fromISO/IEC 10646 character set, for example one not directly accessible fromISO/IEC 10646 character set, for example one not directly accessible from
available input devices.available input devices.available input devices.available input devices.available input devices.available input devices.available input devices.available input devices.
Character ReferenceCharacter ReferenceCharacter ReferenceCharacter ReferenceCharacter ReferenceCharacter ReferenceCharacter ReferenceCharacter Reference
CharRefCharRefCharRefCharRefCharRefCharRefCharRefCharRef''''''''&&&&&&&&#' [0-9]+ ';' #' [0-9]+ ';' #' [0-9]+ ';' #' [0-9]+ ';' #' [0-9]+ ';' #' [0-9]+ ';' #' [0-9]+ ';' #' [0-9]+ ';' | '| '| '| '| '| '| '| '&&&&&&&&#x#x#x#x#x#x#x#x' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';'' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';'' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';'' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';'' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';'' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';'' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';'' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';'
Legal CharacterLegal CharacterLegal CharacterLegal CharacterLegal CharacterLegal CharacterLegal CharacterLegal Character
Characters referred to using character references mustCharacters referred to using character references mustCharacters referred to using character references mustCharacters referred to using character references mustCharacters referred to using character references mustCharacters referred to using character references mustCharacters referred to using character references mustCharacters referred to using character references must
match the production formatch the production formatch the production formatch the production formatch the production formatch the production formatch the production formatch the production for
CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar........
If the character reference begins with "If the character reference begins with "If the character reference begins with "If the character reference begins with "If the character reference begins with "If the character reference begins with "If the character reference begins with "If the character reference begins with "&&&&&&&&#x#x#x#x#x#x#x#x", the digits and", the digits and", the digits and", the digits and", the digits and", the digits and", the digits and", the digits and
letters up to the terminating letters up to the terminating letters up to the terminating letters up to the terminating letters up to the terminating letters up to the terminating letters up to the terminating letters up to the terminating ;;;;;;;; provide a hexadecimal provide a hexadecimal provide a hexadecimal provide a hexadecimal provide a hexadecimal provide a hexadecimal provide a hexadecimal provide a hexadecimal
representation of the character's code point in ISO/IEC 10646.representation of the character's code point in ISO/IEC 10646.representation of the character's code point in ISO/IEC 10646.representation of the character's code point in ISO/IEC 10646.representation of the character's code point in ISO/IEC 10646.representation of the character's code point in ISO/IEC 10646.representation of the character's code point in ISO/IEC 10646.representation of the character's code point in ISO/IEC 10646.
If it begins just with "If it begins just with "If it begins just with "If it begins just with "If it begins just with "If it begins just with "If it begins just with "If it begins just with "&&&&&&&&########", the digits up to the terminating", the digits up to the terminating", the digits up to the terminating", the digits up to the terminating", the digits up to the terminating", the digits up to the terminating", the digits up to the terminating", the digits up to the terminating
;;;;;;;; provide a decimal representation of the character's provide a decimal representation of the character's provide a decimal representation of the character's provide a decimal representation of the character's provide a decimal representation of the character's provide a decimal representation of the character's provide a decimal representation of the character's provide a decimal representation of the character's
code point.code point.code point.code point.code point.code point.code point.code point.
An An An An An An An An entityentityentityentityentityentityentityentity
referencereferencereferencereferencereferencereferencereferencereference refers to the content of a named entity. refers to the content of a named entity. refers to the content of a named entity. refers to the content of a named entity. refers to the content of a named entity. refers to the content of a named entity. refers to the content of a named entity. refers to the content of a named entity.References to References to References to References to References to References to References to References to
parsed general entitiesparsed general entitiesparsed general entitiesparsed general entitiesparsed general entitiesparsed general entitiesparsed general entitiesparsed general entities
use ampersand (use ampersand (use ampersand (use ampersand (use ampersand (use ampersand (use ampersand (use ampersand (&&&&&&&&) and semicolon () and semicolon () and semicolon () and semicolon () and semicolon () and semicolon () and semicolon () and semicolon (;;;;;;;;) as) as) as) as) as) as) as) as
delimiters.delimiters.delimiters.delimiters.delimiters.delimiters.delimiters.delimiters.Parameter-entity referencesParameter-entity referencesParameter-entity referencesParameter-entity referencesParameter-entity referencesParameter-entity referencesParameter-entity referencesParameter-entity references use percent-sign ( use percent-sign ( use percent-sign ( use percent-sign ( use percent-sign ( use percent-sign ( use percent-sign ( use percent-sign (%%%%%%%%) and) and) and) and) and) and) and) and
semicolon semicolon semicolon semicolon semicolon semicolon semicolon semicolon
((((((((;;;;;;;;) as delimiters.) as delimiters.) as delimiters.) as delimiters.) as delimiters.) as delimiters.) as delimiters.) as delimiters.
In a document without any DTD, a document with only an internalIn a document without any DTD, a document with only an internalIn a document without any DTD, a document with only an internalIn a document without any DTD, a document with only an internalIn a document without any DTD, a document with only an internalIn a document without any DTD, a document with only an internalIn a document without any DTD, a document with only an internalIn a document without any DTD, a document with only an internal
DTD subset which contains no parameter entity references, or a document withDTD subset which contains no parameter entity references, or a document withDTD subset which contains no parameter entity references, or a document withDTD subset which contains no parameter entity references, or a document withDTD subset which contains no parameter entity references, or a document withDTD subset which contains no parameter entity references, or a document withDTD subset which contains no parameter entity references, or a document withDTD subset which contains no parameter entity references, or a document with
""""""""standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'", ", ", ", ", ", ", ",
the the the the the the the the NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must
matchmatchmatchmatchmatchmatchmatchmatch that in an that in an that in an that in an that in an that in an that in an that in an
entity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declaration, except that, except that, except that, except that, except that, except that, except that, except that
well-formed documents need not declare well-formed documents need not declare well-formed documents need not declare well-formed documents need not declare well-formed documents need not declare well-formed documents need not declare well-formed documents need not declare well-formed documents need not declare
any of the following entities: any of the following entities: any of the following entities: any of the following entities: any of the following entities: any of the following entities: any of the following entities: any of the following entities: ampampampampampampampamp,,,,,,,,
ltltltltltltltlt,,,,,,,,
gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt,,,,,,,,
aposaposaposaposaposaposaposapos,,,,,,,,
quotquotquotquotquotquotquotquot. . . . . . . .
The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.
Similarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede any
reference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-list
declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.
Note that if entities are declared in the external subset or in Note that if entities are declared in the external subset or in Note that if entities are declared in the external subset or in Note that if entities are declared in the external subset or in Note that if entities are declared in the external subset or in Note that if entities are declared in the external subset or in Note that if entities are declared in the external subset or in Note that if entities are declared in the external subset or in
external parameter entities, a non-validating processor is external parameter entities, a non-validating processor is external parameter entities, a non-validating processor is external parameter entities, a non-validating processor is external parameter entities, a non-validating processor is external parameter entities, a non-validating processor is external parameter entities, a non-validating processor is external parameter entities, a non-validating processor is
not obligated tonot obligated tonot obligated tonot obligated tonot obligated tonot obligated tonot obligated tonot obligated to read read read read read read read read
and process their declarations; for such documents, the rule thatand process their declarations; for such documents, the rule thatand process their declarations; for such documents, the rule thatand process their declarations; for such documents, the rule thatand process their declarations; for such documents, the rule thatand process their declarations; for such documents, the rule thatand process their declarations; for such documents, the rule thatand process their declarations; for such documents, the rule that
an entity must be declared is a well-formedness constraint onlyan entity must be declared is a well-formedness constraint onlyan entity must be declared is a well-formedness constraint onlyan entity must be declared is a well-formedness constraint onlyan entity must be declared is a well-formedness constraint onlyan entity must be declared is a well-formedness constraint onlyan entity must be declared is a well-formedness constraint onlyan entity must be declared is a well-formedness constraint only
if if if if if if if if standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'standalone='yes'........
In a document with an external subset or external parameterIn a document with an external subset or external parameterIn a document with an external subset or external parameterIn a document with an external subset or external parameterIn a document with an external subset or external parameterIn a document with an external subset or external parameterIn a document with an external subset or external parameterIn a document with an external subset or external parameter
entities with "entities with "entities with "entities with "entities with "entities with "entities with "entities with "standalone='no'standalone='no'standalone='no'standalone='no'standalone='no'standalone='no'standalone='no'standalone='no'",",",",",",",",
the the the the the the the the NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must given in the entity reference must matchmatchmatchmatchmatchmatchmatchmatch that in an that in an that in an that in an that in an that in an that in an that in an
entity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declaration........
For interoperability, valid documents should declare the entities For interoperability, valid documents should declare the entities For interoperability, valid documents should declare the entities For interoperability, valid documents should declare the entities For interoperability, valid documents should declare the entities For interoperability, valid documents should declare the entities For interoperability, valid documents should declare the entities For interoperability, valid documents should declare the entities
ampampampampampampampamp,,,,,,,,
ltltltltltltltlt,,,,,,,,
gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt,,,,,,,,
aposaposaposaposaposaposaposapos,,,,,,,,
quotquotquotquotquotquotquotquot, in the form, in the form, in the form, in the form, in the form, in the form, in the form, in the form
specified in specified in specified in specified in specified in specified in specified in specified in ........
The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.The declaration of a parameter entity must precede any reference to it.
Similarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede anySimilarly, the declaration of a general entity must precede any
reference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-listreference to it which appears in a default value in an attribute-list
declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.
An entity reference must not contain the name of an An entity reference must not contain the name of an An entity reference must not contain the name of an An entity reference must not contain the name of an An entity reference must not contain the name of an An entity reference must not contain the name of an An entity reference must not contain the name of an An entity reference must not contain the name of an unparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entity. Unparsed entities may be referred. Unparsed entities may be referred. Unparsed entities may be referred. Unparsed entities may be referred. Unparsed entities may be referred. Unparsed entities may be referred. Unparsed entities may be referred. Unparsed entities may be referred
to only in to only in to only in to only in to only in to only in to only in to only in attribute valuesattribute valuesattribute valuesattribute valuesattribute valuesattribute valuesattribute valuesattribute values declared to declared to declared to declared to declared to declared to declared to declared to
be of type be of type be of type be of type be of type be of type be of type be of type ENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITY or or or or or or or or ENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIES........
No RecursionNo RecursionNo RecursionNo RecursionNo RecursionNo RecursionNo RecursionNo Recursion
A parsed entity must not contain a recursive reference to itself,A parsed entity must not contain a recursive reference to itself,A parsed entity must not contain a recursive reference to itself,A parsed entity must not contain a recursive reference to itself,A parsed entity must not contain a recursive reference to itself,A parsed entity must not contain a recursive reference to itself,A parsed entity must not contain a recursive reference to itself,A parsed entity must not contain a recursive reference to itself,
either directly or indirectly.either directly or indirectly.either directly or indirectly.either directly or indirectly.either directly or indirectly.either directly or indirectly.either directly or indirectly.either directly or indirectly.
In DTDIn DTDIn DTDIn DTDIn DTDIn DTDIn DTDIn DTD
Parameter-entity references may only appear in the Parameter-entity references may only appear in the Parameter-entity references may only appear in the Parameter-entity references may only appear in the Parameter-entity references may only appear in the Parameter-entity references may only appear in the Parameter-entity references may only appear in the Parameter-entity references may only appear in the
DTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTD........
Examples of character and entity references:Examples of character and entity references:Examples of character and entity references:Examples of character and entity references:Examples of character and entity references:Examples of character and entity references:Examples of character and entity references:Examples of character and entity references:
Type Type Type Type Type Type Type Type <<<<<<<<key>less-thankey>less-thankey>less-thankey>less-thankey>less-thankey>less-thankey>less-thankey>less-than<<<<<<<</key> (/key> (/key> (/key> (/key> (/key> (/key> (/key> (&&&&&&&&#x#x#x#x#x#x#x#x3C;) to save options.3C;) to save options.3C;) to save options.3C;) to save options.3C;) to save options.3C;) to save options.3C;) to save options.3C;) to save options.
This document was prepared on This document was prepared on This document was prepared on This document was prepared on This document was prepared on This document was prepared on This document was prepared on This document was prepared on &&&&&&&&docdate; anddocdate; anddocdate; anddocdate; anddocdate; anddocdate; anddocdate; anddocdate; and
is classified is classified is classified is classified is classified is classified is classified is classified &&&&&&&&security-level;.security-level;.security-level;.security-level;.security-level;.security-level;.security-level;.security-level;.
Example of a parameter-entity reference:Example of a parameter-entity reference:Example of a parameter-entity reference:Example of a parameter-entity reference:Example of a parameter-entity reference:Example of a parameter-entity reference:Example of a parameter-entity reference:Example of a parameter-entity reference:
SYSTEM "http://www.xml.com/iso/isolat2-xml.entities" > SYSTEM "http://www.xml.com/iso/isolat2-xml.entities" > SYSTEM "http://www.xml.com/iso/isolat2-xml.entities" > SYSTEM "http://www.xml.com/iso/isolat2-xml.entities" > SYSTEM "http://www.xml.com/iso/isolat2-xml.entities" > SYSTEM "http://www.xml.com/iso/isolat2-xml.entities" > SYSTEM "http://www.xml.com/iso/isolat2-xml.entities" >
%ISOLat2;%ISOLat2;%ISOLat2;%ISOLat2;%ISOLat2;%ISOLat2;%ISOLat2;%ISOLat2;]]>
Entities are declared thus:Entities are declared thus:Entities are declared thus:Entities are declared thus:Entities are declared thus:Entities are declared thus:Entities are declared thus:Entities are declared thus:
Entity DeclarationEntity DeclarationEntity DeclarationEntity DeclarationEntity DeclarationEntity DeclarationEntity DeclarationEntity Declaration
EntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDecl | | | | | | | | PEDeclPEDeclPEDeclPEDeclPEDeclPEDeclPEDeclPEDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDeclGEDecl''''''''<<<<<<<<!ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' SSSSSSSSNameNameNameNameNameNameNameNameSSSSSSSSEntityDefEntityDefEntityDefEntityDefEntityDefEntityDefEntityDefEntityDefSSSSSSSS? '? '? '? '? '? '? '? '>>>>>>>>''''''''PEDeclPEDeclPEDeclPEDeclPEDeclPEDeclPEDeclPEDecl''''''''<<<<<<<<!ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' !ENTITY' SSSSSSSS '%' '%' '%' '%' '%' '%' '%' '%' SSSSSSSSNameNameNameNameNameNameNameNameSSSSSSSSPEDefPEDefPEDefPEDefPEDefPEDefPEDefPEDefSSSSSSSS? '? '? '? '? '? '? '? '>>>>>>>>''''''''EntityDefEntityDefEntityDefEntityDefEntityDefEntityDefEntityDefEntityDefEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue
| (| (| (| (| (| (| (| (ExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDecl?)?)?)?)?)?)?)?)PEDefPEDefPEDefPEDefPEDefPEDefPEDefPEDefEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue
| | | | | | | | ExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalID
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName identifies the entity in an identifies the entity in an identifies the entity in an identifies the entity in an identifies the entity in an identifies the entity in an identifies the entity in an identifies the entity in an
entity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity reference or, in the case of an or, in the case of an or, in the case of an or, in the case of an or, in the case of an or, in the case of an or, in the case of an or, in the case of an
unparsed entity, in the value of an unparsed entity, in the value of an unparsed entity, in the value of an unparsed entity, in the value of an unparsed entity, in the value of an unparsed entity, in the value of an unparsed entity, in the value of an unparsed entity, in the value of an ENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITY or or or or or or or or ENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIES
attribute.attribute.attribute.attribute.attribute.attribute.attribute.attribute.
If If If If If If If If the same entity is declared more than once, the first declarationthe same entity is declared more than once, the first declarationthe same entity is declared more than once, the first declarationthe same entity is declared more than once, the first declarationthe same entity is declared more than once, the first declarationthe same entity is declared more than once, the first declarationthe same entity is declared more than once, the first declarationthe same entity is declared more than once, the first declaration
encountered is binding; at user option, an XML processor may issue aencountered is binding; at user option, an XML processor may issue aencountered is binding; at user option, an XML processor may issue aencountered is binding; at user option, an XML processor may issue aencountered is binding; at user option, an XML processor may issue aencountered is binding; at user option, an XML processor may issue aencountered is binding; at user option, an XML processor may issue aencountered is binding; at user option, an XML processor may issue a
warning if entities are declared multiple times.warning if entities are declared multiple times.warning if entities are declared multiple times.warning if entities are declared multiple times.warning if entities are declared multiple times.warning if entities are declared multiple times.warning if entities are declared multiple times.warning if entities are declared multiple times.
If If If If If If If If
the entity definition is an the entity definition is an the entity definition is an the entity definition is an the entity definition is an the entity definition is an the entity definition is an the entity definition is an
EntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue, , , , , , , ,
the defined entity is called an the defined entity is called an the defined entity is called an the defined entity is called an the defined entity is called an the defined entity is called an the defined entity is called an the defined entity is called an internal entityinternal entityinternal entityinternal entityinternal entityinternal entityinternal entityinternal entity. . . . . . . .
There is no separate physicalThere is no separate physicalThere is no separate physicalThere is no separate physicalThere is no separate physicalThere is no separate physicalThere is no separate physicalThere is no separate physical
storage object, and the content of the entity is given in thestorage object, and the content of the entity is given in thestorage object, and the content of the entity is given in thestorage object, and the content of the entity is given in thestorage object, and the content of the entity is given in thestorage object, and the content of the entity is given in thestorage object, and the content of the entity is given in thestorage object, and the content of the entity is given in the
declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration.
Note that some processing of entity and character references in theNote that some processing of entity and character references in theNote that some processing of entity and character references in theNote that some processing of entity and character references in theNote that some processing of entity and character references in theNote that some processing of entity and character references in theNote that some processing of entity and character references in theNote that some processing of entity and character references in the
literal entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity value may be required to may be required to may be required to may be required to may be required to may be required to may be required to may be required to
produce the correct produce the correct produce the correct produce the correct produce the correct produce the correct produce the correct produce the correct replacement replacement replacement replacement replacement replacement replacement replacement
texttexttexttexttexttexttexttext: see : see : see : see : see : see : see : see ........
An internal entity is a An internal entity is a An internal entity is a An internal entity is a An internal entity is a An internal entity is a An internal entity is a An internal entity is a parsedparsedparsedparsedparsedparsedparsedparsed
entityentityentityentityentityentityentityentity........
Example of an internal entity declaration:Example of an internal entity declaration:Example of an internal entity declaration:Example of an internal entity declaration:Example of an internal entity declaration:Example of an internal entity declaration:Example of an internal entity declaration:Example of an internal entity declaration:
<<<<<<<<!ENTITY Pub-Status "This is a pre-release of the!ENTITY Pub-Status "This is a pre-release of the!ENTITY Pub-Status "This is a pre-release of the!ENTITY Pub-Status "This is a pre-release of the!ENTITY Pub-Status "This is a pre-release of the!ENTITY Pub-Status "This is a pre-release of the!ENTITY Pub-Status "This is a pre-release of the!ENTITY Pub-Status "This is a pre-release of the
specification."> specification."> specification."> specification."> specification."> specification."> specification."> specification.">
If the entity is notIf the entity is notIf the entity is notIf the entity is notIf the entity is notIf the entity is notIf the entity is notIf the entity is not
internal, it is an internal, it is an internal, it is an internal, it is an internal, it is an internal, it is an internal, it is an internal, it is an externalexternalexternalexternalexternalexternalexternalexternal
entityentityentityentityentityentityentityentity, declared as follows:, declared as follows:, declared as follows:, declared as follows:, declared as follows:, declared as follows:, declared as follows:, declared as follows:
External Entity DeclarationExternal Entity DeclarationExternal Entity DeclarationExternal Entity DeclarationExternal Entity DeclarationExternal Entity DeclarationExternal Entity DeclarationExternal Entity Declaration
ExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalID'SYSTEM' 'SYSTEM' 'SYSTEM' 'SYSTEM' 'SYSTEM' 'SYSTEM' 'SYSTEM' 'SYSTEM' SSSSSSSSSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteral| 'PUBLIC' | 'PUBLIC' | 'PUBLIC' | 'PUBLIC' | 'PUBLIC' | 'PUBLIC' | 'PUBLIC' | 'PUBLIC' SSSSSSSSPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteralSSSSSSSSSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclSSSSSSSS 'NDATA' 'NDATA' 'NDATA' 'NDATA' 'NDATA' 'NDATA' 'NDATA' 'NDATA' SSSSSSSSNameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
If the If the If the If the If the If the If the If the NDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDeclNDataDecl is present, this is a is present, this is a is present, this is a is present, this is a is present, this is a is present, this is a is present, this is a is present, this is a
general general general general general general general general unparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsed
entityentityentityentityentityentityentityentity; otherwise it is a parsed entity.; otherwise it is a parsed entity.; otherwise it is a parsed entity.; otherwise it is a parsed entity.; otherwise it is a parsed entity.; otherwise it is a parsed entity.; otherwise it is a parsed entity.; otherwise it is a parsed entity.
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName must match the declared name of a must match the declared name of a must match the declared name of a must match the declared name of a must match the declared name of a must match the declared name of a must match the declared name of a must match the declared name of a
notationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotation........
TheTheTheTheTheTheTheThe
SystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteral
is called the entity's is called the entity's is called the entity's is called the entity's is called the entity's is called the entity's is called the entity's is called the entity's system identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifier. It is a URI,. It is a URI,. It is a URI,. It is a URI,. It is a URI,. It is a URI,. It is a URI,. It is a URI,
which may be used to retrieve the entity.which may be used to retrieve the entity.which may be used to retrieve the entity.which may be used to retrieve the entity.which may be used to retrieve the entity.which may be used to retrieve the entity.which may be used to retrieve the entity.which may be used to retrieve the entity.
Note that the hash mark (Note that the hash mark (Note that the hash mark (Note that the hash mark (Note that the hash mark (Note that the hash mark (Note that the hash mark (Note that the hash mark (########) and fragment identifier ) and fragment identifier ) and fragment identifier ) and fragment identifier ) and fragment identifier ) and fragment identifier ) and fragment identifier ) and fragment identifier
frequently used with URIs are not, formally, part of the URI itself; frequently used with URIs are not, formally, part of the URI itself; frequently used with URIs are not, formally, part of the URI itself; frequently used with URIs are not, formally, part of the URI itself; frequently used with URIs are not, formally, part of the URI itself; frequently used with URIs are not, formally, part of the URI itself; frequently used with URIs are not, formally, part of the URI itself; frequently used with URIs are not, formally, part of the URI itself;
an XML processor may signal an error if a fragment identifier is an XML processor may signal an error if a fragment identifier is an XML processor may signal an error if a fragment identifier is an XML processor may signal an error if a fragment identifier is an XML processor may signal an error if a fragment identifier is an XML processor may signal an error if a fragment identifier is an XML processor may signal an error if a fragment identifier is an XML processor may signal an error if a fragment identifier is
given as part of a system identifier.given as part of a system identifier.given as part of a system identifier.given as part of a system identifier.given as part of a system identifier.given as part of a system identifier.given as part of a system identifier.given as part of a system identifier.
Unless otherwise provided by information outside the scope of thisUnless otherwise provided by information outside the scope of thisUnless otherwise provided by information outside the scope of thisUnless otherwise provided by information outside the scope of thisUnless otherwise provided by information outside the scope of thisUnless otherwise provided by information outside the scope of thisUnless otherwise provided by information outside the scope of thisUnless otherwise provided by information outside the scope of this
specification (e.g. a special XML element type defined by a particularspecification (e.g. a special XML element type defined by a particularspecification (e.g. a special XML element type defined by a particularspecification (e.g. a special XML element type defined by a particularspecification (e.g. a special XML element type defined by a particularspecification (e.g. a special XML element type defined by a particularspecification (e.g. a special XML element type defined by a particularspecification (e.g. a special XML element type defined by a particular
DTD, or a processing instruction defined by a particular applicationDTD, or a processing instruction defined by a particular applicationDTD, or a processing instruction defined by a particular applicationDTD, or a processing instruction defined by a particular applicationDTD, or a processing instruction defined by a particular applicationDTD, or a processing instruction defined by a particular applicationDTD, or a processing instruction defined by a particular applicationDTD, or a processing instruction defined by a particular application
specification), relative URIs are relative to the location of thespecification), relative URIs are relative to the location of thespecification), relative URIs are relative to the location of thespecification), relative URIs are relative to the location of thespecification), relative URIs are relative to the location of thespecification), relative URIs are relative to the location of thespecification), relative URIs are relative to the location of thespecification), relative URIs are relative to the location of the
resource within which the entity declaration occurs.resource within which the entity declaration occurs.resource within which the entity declaration occurs.resource within which the entity declaration occurs.resource within which the entity declaration occurs.resource within which the entity declaration occurs.resource within which the entity declaration occurs.resource within which the entity declaration occurs.
A URI might thus be relative to the A URI might thus be relative to the A URI might thus be relative to the A URI might thus be relative to the A URI might thus be relative to the A URI might thus be relative to the A URI might thus be relative to the A URI might thus be relative to the
document entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entity, to the entity, to the entity, to the entity, to the entity, to the entity, to the entity, to the entity, to the entity
containing the containing the containing the containing the containing the containing the containing the containing the external DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subsetexternal DTD subset, , , , , , , ,
or to some other or to some other or to some other or to some other or to some other or to some other or to some other or to some other external parameter entityexternal parameter entityexternal parameter entityexternal parameter entityexternal parameter entityexternal parameter entityexternal parameter entityexternal parameter entity........
An XML processor should handle a non-ASCII character in a URI byAn XML processor should handle a non-ASCII character in a URI byAn XML processor should handle a non-ASCII character in a URI byAn XML processor should handle a non-ASCII character in a URI byAn XML processor should handle a non-ASCII character in a URI byAn XML processor should handle a non-ASCII character in a URI byAn XML processor should handle a non-ASCII character in a URI byAn XML processor should handle a non-ASCII character in a URI by
representing the character in UTF-8 as one or more bytes, and then representing the character in UTF-8 as one or more bytes, and then representing the character in UTF-8 as one or more bytes, and then representing the character in UTF-8 as one or more bytes, and then representing the character in UTF-8 as one or more bytes, and then representing the character in UTF-8 as one or more bytes, and then representing the character in UTF-8 as one or more bytes, and then representing the character in UTF-8 as one or more bytes, and then
escaping these bytes with the URI escaping mechanism (i.e., byescaping these bytes with the URI escaping mechanism (i.e., byescaping these bytes with the URI escaping mechanism (i.e., byescaping these bytes with the URI escaping mechanism (i.e., byescaping these bytes with the URI escaping mechanism (i.e., byescaping these bytes with the URI escaping mechanism (i.e., byescaping these bytes with the URI escaping mechanism (i.e., byescaping these bytes with the URI escaping mechanism (i.e., by
converting each byte to %HH, where HH is the hexadecimal notation of theconverting each byte to %HH, where HH is the hexadecimal notation of theconverting each byte to %HH, where HH is the hexadecimal notation of theconverting each byte to %HH, where HH is the hexadecimal notation of theconverting each byte to %HH, where HH is the hexadecimal notation of theconverting each byte to %HH, where HH is the hexadecimal notation of theconverting each byte to %HH, where HH is the hexadecimal notation of theconverting each byte to %HH, where HH is the hexadecimal notation of the
byte value).byte value).byte value).byte value).byte value).byte value).byte value).byte value).
In addition to a system identifier, an external identifier mayIn addition to a system identifier, an external identifier mayIn addition to a system identifier, an external identifier mayIn addition to a system identifier, an external identifier mayIn addition to a system identifier, an external identifier mayIn addition to a system identifier, an external identifier mayIn addition to a system identifier, an external identifier mayIn addition to a system identifier, an external identifier may
include a include a include a include a include a include a include a include a public identifierpublic identifierpublic identifierpublic identifierpublic identifierpublic identifierpublic identifierpublic identifier........
An XML processor attempting to retrieve the entity's content may use the publicAn XML processor attempting to retrieve the entity's content may use the publicAn XML processor attempting to retrieve the entity's content may use the publicAn XML processor attempting to retrieve the entity's content may use the publicAn XML processor attempting to retrieve the entity's content may use the publicAn XML processor attempting to retrieve the entity's content may use the publicAn XML processor attempting to retrieve the entity's content may use the publicAn XML processor attempting to retrieve the entity's content may use the public
identifier to try to generate an alternative URI. If the processoridentifier to try to generate an alternative URI. If the processoridentifier to try to generate an alternative URI. If the processoridentifier to try to generate an alternative URI. If the processoridentifier to try to generate an alternative URI. If the processoridentifier to try to generate an alternative URI. If the processoridentifier to try to generate an alternative URI. If the processoridentifier to try to generate an alternative URI. If the processor
is unable to do so, it must use the URI specified in the systemis unable to do so, it must use the URI specified in the systemis unable to do so, it must use the URI specified in the systemis unable to do so, it must use the URI specified in the systemis unable to do so, it must use the URI specified in the systemis unable to do so, it must use the URI specified in the systemis unable to do so, it must use the URI specified in the systemis unable to do so, it must use the URI specified in the system
literal. Before a match is attempted, all stringsliteral. Before a match is attempted, all stringsliteral. Before a match is attempted, all stringsliteral. Before a match is attempted, all stringsliteral. Before a match is attempted, all stringsliteral. Before a match is attempted, all stringsliteral. Before a match is attempted, all stringsliteral. Before a match is attempted, all strings
of white space in the public identifier must be normalized to single space characters (#x20),of white space in the public identifier must be normalized to single space characters (#x20),of white space in the public identifier must be normalized to single space characters (#x20),of white space in the public identifier must be normalized to single space characters (#x20),of white space in the public identifier must be normalized to single space characters (#x20),of white space in the public identifier must be normalized to single space characters (#x20),of white space in the public identifier must be normalized to single space characters (#x20),of white space in the public identifier must be normalized to single space characters (#x20),
and leading and trailing white space must be removed.and leading and trailing white space must be removed.and leading and trailing white space must be removed.and leading and trailing white space must be removed.and leading and trailing white space must be removed.and leading and trailing white space must be removed.and leading and trailing white space must be removed.and leading and trailing white space must be removed.
Examples of external entity declarations:Examples of external entity declarations:Examples of external entity declarations:Examples of external entity declarations:Examples of external entity declarations:Examples of external entity declarations:Examples of external entity declarations:Examples of external entity declarations:
<<<<<<<<!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch
SYSTEM "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> SYSTEM "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> SYSTEM "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> SYSTEM "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> SYSTEM "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> SYSTEM "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> SYSTEM "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> SYSTEM "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml">
<<<<<<<<!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch!ENTITY open-hatch
PUBLIC "-//Textuality//TEXT Standard open-hatch boilerplate//EN" PUBLIC "-//Textuality//TEXT Standard open-hatch boilerplate//EN" PUBLIC "-//Textuality//TEXT Standard open-hatch boilerplate//EN" PUBLIC "-//Textuality//TEXT Standard open-hatch boilerplate//EN" PUBLIC "-//Textuality//TEXT Standard open-hatch boilerplate//EN" PUBLIC "-//Textuality//TEXT Standard open-hatch boilerplate//EN" PUBLIC "-//Textuality//TEXT Standard open-hatch boilerplate//EN" PUBLIC "-//Textuality//TEXT Standard open-hatch boilerplate//EN"
"http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml"> "http://www.textuality.com/boilerplate/OpenHatch.xml">
<<<<<<<<!ENTITY hatch-pic!ENTITY hatch-pic!ENTITY hatch-pic!ENTITY hatch-pic!ENTITY hatch-pic!ENTITY hatch-pic!ENTITY hatch-pic!ENTITY hatch-pic
SYSTEM "../grafix/OpenHatch.gif" SYSTEM "../grafix/OpenHatch.gif" SYSTEM "../grafix/OpenHatch.gif" SYSTEM "../grafix/OpenHatch.gif" SYSTEM "../grafix/OpenHatch.gif" SYSTEM "../grafix/OpenHatch.gif" SYSTEM "../grafix/OpenHatch.gif" SYSTEM "../grafix/OpenHatch.gif"
NDATA gif > NDATA gif > NDATA gif > NDATA gif > NDATA gif > NDATA gif > NDATA gif > NDATA gif >
Parsed EntitiesParsed EntitiesParsed EntitiesParsed EntitiesParsed EntitiesParsed EntitiesParsed EntitiesParsed Entities
The Text DeclarationThe Text DeclarationThe Text DeclarationThe Text DeclarationThe Text DeclarationThe Text DeclarationThe Text DeclarationThe Text Declaration
External parsed entities may each begin with a External parsed entities may each begin with a External parsed entities may each begin with a External parsed entities may each begin with a External parsed entities may each begin with a External parsed entities may each begin with a External parsed entities may each begin with a External parsed entities may each begin with a texttexttexttexttexttexttexttext
declarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclaration. . . . . . . .
Text DeclarationText DeclarationText DeclarationText DeclarationText DeclarationText DeclarationText DeclarationText Declaration
TextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDecl''''''''<<<<<<<<?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'
VersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfo????????
EncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclSSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? '?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>'
The text declaration must be provided literally, notThe text declaration must be provided literally, notThe text declaration must be provided literally, notThe text declaration must be provided literally, notThe text declaration must be provided literally, notThe text declaration must be provided literally, notThe text declaration must be provided literally, notThe text declaration must be provided literally, not
by reference to a parsed entity.by reference to a parsed entity.by reference to a parsed entity.by reference to a parsed entity.by reference to a parsed entity.by reference to a parsed entity.by reference to a parsed entity.by reference to a parsed entity.
No text declaration may appear at any position other than the beginning ofNo text declaration may appear at any position other than the beginning ofNo text declaration may appear at any position other than the beginning ofNo text declaration may appear at any position other than the beginning ofNo text declaration may appear at any position other than the beginning ofNo text declaration may appear at any position other than the beginning ofNo text declaration may appear at any position other than the beginning ofNo text declaration may appear at any position other than the beginning of
an external parsed entity.an external parsed entity.an external parsed entity.an external parsed entity.an external parsed entity.an external parsed entity.an external parsed entity.an external parsed entity.
The document entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledThe document entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledThe document entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledThe document entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledThe document entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledThe document entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledThe document entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledThe document entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeled
documentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocument........
An external general An external general An external general An external general An external general An external general An external general An external general
parsed entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledparsed entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledparsed entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledparsed entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledparsed entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledparsed entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledparsed entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledparsed entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeled
extParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEnt........
An external parameterAn external parameterAn external parameterAn external parameterAn external parameterAn external parameterAn external parameterAn external parameter
entity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledentity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledentity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledentity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledentity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledentity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledentity is well-formed if it matches the production labeledentity is well-formed if it matches the production labeled
extPEextPEextPEextPEextPEextPEextPEextPE........
Well-Formed External Parsed EntityWell-Formed External Parsed EntityWell-Formed External Parsed EntityWell-Formed External Parsed EntityWell-Formed External Parsed EntityWell-Formed External Parsed EntityWell-Formed External Parsed EntityWell-Formed External Parsed Entity
extParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEntextParsedEntTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDecl? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentextPEextPEextPEextPEextPEextPEextPEextPETextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDecl? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
extSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDecl
An internal general parsed entity is well-formed if its replacement text An internal general parsed entity is well-formed if its replacement text An internal general parsed entity is well-formed if its replacement text An internal general parsed entity is well-formed if its replacement text An internal general parsed entity is well-formed if its replacement text An internal general parsed entity is well-formed if its replacement text An internal general parsed entity is well-formed if its replacement text An internal general parsed entity is well-formed if its replacement text
matches the production labeledmatches the production labeledmatches the production labeledmatches the production labeledmatches the production labeledmatches the production labeledmatches the production labeledmatches the production labeled
contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent........
All internal parameter entities are well-formed by definition.All internal parameter entities are well-formed by definition.All internal parameter entities are well-formed by definition.All internal parameter entities are well-formed by definition.All internal parameter entities are well-formed by definition.All internal parameter entities are well-formed by definition.All internal parameter entities are well-formed by definition.All internal parameter entities are well-formed by definition.
A consequence of well-formedness in entities is that the logical A consequence of well-formedness in entities is that the logical A consequence of well-formedness in entities is that the logical A consequence of well-formedness in entities is that the logical A consequence of well-formedness in entities is that the logical A consequence of well-formedness in entities is that the logical A consequence of well-formedness in entities is that the logical A consequence of well-formedness in entities is that the logical
and physical structures in an XML document are properly nested; no and physical structures in an XML document are properly nested; no and physical structures in an XML document are properly nested; no and physical structures in an XML document are properly nested; no and physical structures in an XML document are properly nested; no and physical structures in an XML document are properly nested; no and physical structures in an XML document are properly nested; no and physical structures in an XML document are properly nested; no
start-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tag,,,,,,,,
end-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tag,,,,,,,,
empty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tag,,,,,,,,
elementelementelementelementelementelementelementelement, , , , , , , ,
commentcommentcommentcommentcommentcommentcommentcomment, , , , , , , ,
processing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instruction, , , , , , , ,
charactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharacter
referencereferencereferencereferencereferencereferencereferencereference, or, or, or, or, or, or, or, or
entity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity reference
can begin in one entity and end in another.can begin in one entity and end in another.can begin in one entity and end in another.can begin in one entity and end in another.can begin in one entity and end in another.can begin in one entity and end in another.can begin in one entity and end in another.can begin in one entity and end in another.
Character Encoding in EntitiesCharacter Encoding in EntitiesCharacter Encoding in EntitiesCharacter Encoding in EntitiesCharacter Encoding in EntitiesCharacter Encoding in EntitiesCharacter Encoding in EntitiesCharacter Encoding in Entities
Each external parsed entity in an XML document may use a differentEach external parsed entity in an XML document may use a differentEach external parsed entity in an XML document may use a differentEach external parsed entity in an XML document may use a differentEach external parsed entity in an XML document may use a differentEach external parsed entity in an XML document may use a differentEach external parsed entity in an XML document may use a differentEach external parsed entity in an XML document may use a different
encoding for its characters. All XML processors must be able to readencoding for its characters. All XML processors must be able to readencoding for its characters. All XML processors must be able to readencoding for its characters. All XML processors must be able to readencoding for its characters. All XML processors must be able to readencoding for its characters. All XML processors must be able to readencoding for its characters. All XML processors must be able to readencoding for its characters. All XML processors must be able to read
entities in either UTF-8 or UTF-16. entities in either UTF-8 or UTF-16. entities in either UTF-8 or UTF-16. entities in either UTF-8 or UTF-16. entities in either UTF-8 or UTF-16. entities in either UTF-8 or UTF-16. entities in either UTF-8 or UTF-16. entities in either UTF-8 or UTF-16.
Entities encoded in UTF-16 mustEntities encoded in UTF-16 mustEntities encoded in UTF-16 mustEntities encoded in UTF-16 mustEntities encoded in UTF-16 mustEntities encoded in UTF-16 mustEntities encoded in UTF-16 mustEntities encoded in UTF-16 must
begin with the Byte Order Mark described by ISO/IEC 10646 Annex E andbegin with the Byte Order Mark described by ISO/IEC 10646 Annex E andbegin with the Byte Order Mark described by ISO/IEC 10646 Annex E andbegin with the Byte Order Mark described by ISO/IEC 10646 Annex E andbegin with the Byte Order Mark described by ISO/IEC 10646 Annex E andbegin with the Byte Order Mark described by ISO/IEC 10646 Annex E andbegin with the Byte Order Mark described by ISO/IEC 10646 Annex E andbegin with the Byte Order Mark described by ISO/IEC 10646 Annex E and
Unicode Appendix B (the ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character, #xFEFF).Unicode Appendix B (the ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character, #xFEFF).Unicode Appendix B (the ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character, #xFEFF).Unicode Appendix B (the ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character, #xFEFF).Unicode Appendix B (the ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character, #xFEFF).Unicode Appendix B (the ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character, #xFEFF).Unicode Appendix B (the ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character, #xFEFF).Unicode Appendix B (the ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE character, #xFEFF).
This is an encoding signature, not part of either the markup or theThis is an encoding signature, not part of either the markup or theThis is an encoding signature, not part of either the markup or theThis is an encoding signature, not part of either the markup or theThis is an encoding signature, not part of either the markup or theThis is an encoding signature, not part of either the markup or theThis is an encoding signature, not part of either the markup or theThis is an encoding signature, not part of either the markup or the
character data of the XML document.character data of the XML document.character data of the XML document.character data of the XML document.character data of the XML document.character data of the XML document.character data of the XML document.character data of the XML document.
XML processors must be able to use this character toXML processors must be able to use this character toXML processors must be able to use this character toXML processors must be able to use this character toXML processors must be able to use this character toXML processors must be able to use this character toXML processors must be able to use this character toXML processors must be able to use this character to
differentiate between UTF-8 and UTF-16 encoded documents.differentiate between UTF-8 and UTF-16 encoded documents.differentiate between UTF-8 and UTF-16 encoded documents.differentiate between UTF-8 and UTF-16 encoded documents.differentiate between UTF-8 and UTF-16 encoded documents.differentiate between UTF-8 and UTF-16 encoded documents.differentiate between UTF-8 and UTF-16 encoded documents.differentiate between UTF-8 and UTF-16 encoded documents.
Although an XML processor is required to read only entities inAlthough an XML processor is required to read only entities inAlthough an XML processor is required to read only entities inAlthough an XML processor is required to read only entities inAlthough an XML processor is required to read only entities inAlthough an XML processor is required to read only entities inAlthough an XML processor is required to read only entities inAlthough an XML processor is required to read only entities in
the UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings, it is recognized that other encodings arethe UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings, it is recognized that other encodings arethe UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings, it is recognized that other encodings arethe UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings, it is recognized that other encodings arethe UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings, it is recognized that other encodings arethe UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings, it is recognized that other encodings arethe UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings, it is recognized that other encodings arethe UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings, it is recognized that other encodings are
used around the world, and it may be desired for XML processorsused around the world, and it may be desired for XML processorsused around the world, and it may be desired for XML processorsused around the world, and it may be desired for XML processorsused around the world, and it may be desired for XML processorsused around the world, and it may be desired for XML processorsused around the world, and it may be desired for XML processorsused around the world, and it may be desired for XML processors
to read entities that use them.to read entities that use them.to read entities that use them.to read entities that use them.to read entities that use them.to read entities that use them.to read entities that use them.to read entities that use them.
Parsed entities which are stored in an encoding other thanParsed entities which are stored in an encoding other thanParsed entities which are stored in an encoding other thanParsed entities which are stored in an encoding other thanParsed entities which are stored in an encoding other thanParsed entities which are stored in an encoding other thanParsed entities which are stored in an encoding other thanParsed entities which are stored in an encoding other than
UTF-8 or UTF-16 must begin with a UTF-8 or UTF-16 must begin with a UTF-8 or UTF-16 must begin with a UTF-8 or UTF-16 must begin with a UTF-8 or UTF-16 must begin with a UTF-8 or UTF-16 must begin with a UTF-8 or UTF-16 must begin with a UTF-8 or UTF-16 must begin with a texttexttexttexttexttexttexttext
declarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclaration containing an encoding declaration: containing an encoding declaration: containing an encoding declaration: containing an encoding declaration: containing an encoding declaration: containing an encoding declaration: containing an encoding declaration: containing an encoding declaration:
Encoding DeclarationEncoding DeclarationEncoding DeclarationEncoding DeclarationEncoding DeclarationEncoding DeclarationEncoding DeclarationEncoding Declaration
EncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclSSSSSSSS
'encoding' 'encoding' 'encoding' 'encoding' 'encoding' 'encoding' 'encoding' 'encoding' EqEqEqEqEqEqEqEq
('"' ('"' ('"' ('"' ('"' ('"' ('"' ('"' EncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncName '"' | '"' | '"' | '"' | '"' | '"' | '"' | '"' |
"'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'" EncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncName "'" ) "'" ) "'" ) "'" ) "'" ) "'" ) "'" ) "'" )
EncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncName[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*Encoding name contains only Latin charactersEncoding name contains only Latin charactersEncoding name contains only Latin charactersEncoding name contains only Latin charactersEncoding name contains only Latin charactersEncoding name contains only Latin charactersEncoding name contains only Latin charactersEncoding name contains only Latin characters
In the In the In the In the In the In the In the In the document entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entity, the encoding, the encoding, the encoding, the encoding, the encoding, the encoding, the encoding, the encoding
declaration is part of the declaration is part of the declaration is part of the declaration is part of the declaration is part of the declaration is part of the declaration is part of the declaration is part of the XML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declaration........
The The The The The The The The EncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncNameEncName is the name of the encoding used. is the name of the encoding used. is the name of the encoding used. is the name of the encoding used. is the name of the encoding used. is the name of the encoding used. is the name of the encoding used. is the name of the encoding used.
In an encoding declaration, the valuesIn an encoding declaration, the valuesIn an encoding declaration, the valuesIn an encoding declaration, the valuesIn an encoding declaration, the valuesIn an encoding declaration, the valuesIn an encoding declaration, the valuesIn an encoding declaration, the values
""""""""UTF-8UTF-8UTF-8UTF-8UTF-8UTF-8UTF-8UTF-8",",",",",",",",
""""""""UTF-16UTF-16UTF-16UTF-16UTF-16UTF-16UTF-16UTF-16",",",",",",",",
""""""""ISO-10646-UCS-2ISO-10646-UCS-2ISO-10646-UCS-2ISO-10646-UCS-2ISO-10646-UCS-2ISO-10646-UCS-2ISO-10646-UCS-2ISO-10646-UCS-2", and", and", and", and", and", and", and", and
""""""""ISO-10646-UCS-4ISO-10646-UCS-4ISO-10646-UCS-4ISO-10646-UCS-4ISO-10646-UCS-4ISO-10646-UCS-4ISO-10646-UCS-4ISO-10646-UCS-4" should be " should be " should be " should be " should be " should be " should be " should be
used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode /used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode /used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode /used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode /used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode /used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode /used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode /used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode /
ISO/IEC 10646, the valuesISO/IEC 10646, the valuesISO/IEC 10646, the valuesISO/IEC 10646, the valuesISO/IEC 10646, the valuesISO/IEC 10646, the valuesISO/IEC 10646, the valuesISO/IEC 10646, the values
""""""""ISO-8859-1ISO-8859-1ISO-8859-1ISO-8859-1ISO-8859-1ISO-8859-1ISO-8859-1ISO-8859-1",",",",",",",",
""""""""ISO-8859-2ISO-8859-2ISO-8859-2ISO-8859-2ISO-8859-2ISO-8859-2ISO-8859-2ISO-8859-2", ...", ...", ...", ...", ...", ...", ...", ...
""""""""ISO-8859-9ISO-8859-9ISO-8859-9ISO-8859-9ISO-8859-9ISO-8859-9ISO-8859-9ISO-8859-9" should be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and" should be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and" should be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and" should be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and" should be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and" should be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and" should be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and" should be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and
the valuesthe valuesthe valuesthe valuesthe valuesthe valuesthe valuesthe values
""""""""ISO-2022-JPISO-2022-JPISO-2022-JPISO-2022-JPISO-2022-JPISO-2022-JPISO-2022-JPISO-2022-JP",",",",",",",",
""""""""Shift_JISShift_JISShift_JISShift_JISShift_JISShift_JISShift_JISShift_JIS", and", and", and", and", and", and", and", and
""""""""EUC-JPEUC-JPEUC-JPEUC-JPEUC-JPEUC-JPEUC-JPEUC-JP""""""""
should be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. XMLshould be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. XMLshould be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. XMLshould be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. XMLshould be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. XMLshould be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. XMLshould be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. XMLshould be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. XML
processors may recognize other encodings; it is recommended thatprocessors may recognize other encodings; it is recommended thatprocessors may recognize other encodings; it is recommended thatprocessors may recognize other encodings; it is recommended thatprocessors may recognize other encodings; it is recommended thatprocessors may recognize other encodings; it is recommended thatprocessors may recognize other encodings; it is recommended thatprocessors may recognize other encodings; it is recommended that
character encodings registered (as character encodings registered (as character encodings registered (as character encodings registered (as character encodings registered (as character encodings registered (as character encodings registered (as character encodings registered (as charsetcharsetcharsetcharsetcharsetcharsetcharsetcharsets) s) s) s) s) s) s) s)
with the Internet Assigned Numberswith the Internet Assigned Numberswith the Internet Assigned Numberswith the Internet Assigned Numberswith the Internet Assigned Numberswith the Internet Assigned Numberswith the Internet Assigned Numberswith the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority Authority Authority Authority Authority Authority Authority Authority , other than those just listed, should be, other than those just listed, should be, other than those just listed, should be, other than those just listed, should be, other than those just listed, should be, other than those just listed, should be, other than those just listed, should be, other than those just listed, should be
referred toreferred toreferred toreferred toreferred toreferred toreferred toreferred to
using their registered names.using their registered names.using their registered names.using their registered names.using their registered names.using their registered names.using their registered names.using their registered names.
Note that these registered names are defined to be Note that these registered names are defined to be Note that these registered names are defined to be Note that these registered names are defined to be Note that these registered names are defined to be Note that these registered names are defined to be Note that these registered names are defined to be Note that these registered names are defined to be
case-insensitive, so processors wishing to match against them case-insensitive, so processors wishing to match against them case-insensitive, so processors wishing to match against them case-insensitive, so processors wishing to match against them case-insensitive, so processors wishing to match against them case-insensitive, so processors wishing to match against them case-insensitive, so processors wishing to match against them case-insensitive, so processors wishing to match against them
should do so in a case-insensitiveshould do so in a case-insensitiveshould do so in a case-insensitiveshould do so in a case-insensitiveshould do so in a case-insensitiveshould do so in a case-insensitiveshould do so in a case-insensitiveshould do so in a case-insensitive
way.way.way.way.way.way.way.way.
In the absence of information provided by an externalIn the absence of information provided by an externalIn the absence of information provided by an externalIn the absence of information provided by an externalIn the absence of information provided by an externalIn the absence of information provided by an externalIn the absence of information provided by an externalIn the absence of information provided by an external
transport protocol (e.g. HTTP or MIME), transport protocol (e.g. HTTP or MIME), transport protocol (e.g. HTTP or MIME), transport protocol (e.g. HTTP or MIME), transport protocol (e.g. HTTP or MIME), transport protocol (e.g. HTTP or MIME), transport protocol (e.g. HTTP or MIME), transport protocol (e.g. HTTP or MIME),
it is an it is an it is an it is an it is an it is an it is an it is an errorerrorerrorerrorerrorerrorerrorerror for an entity including for an entity including for an entity including for an entity including for an entity including for an entity including for an entity including for an entity including
an encoding declaration to be presented to the XML processor an encoding declaration to be presented to the XML processor an encoding declaration to be presented to the XML processor an encoding declaration to be presented to the XML processor an encoding declaration to be presented to the XML processor an encoding declaration to be presented to the XML processor an encoding declaration to be presented to the XML processor an encoding declaration to be presented to the XML processor
in an encoding other than that named in the declaration, in an encoding other than that named in the declaration, in an encoding other than that named in the declaration, in an encoding other than that named in the declaration, in an encoding other than that named in the declaration, in an encoding other than that named in the declaration, in an encoding other than that named in the declaration, in an encoding other than that named in the declaration,
for an encoding declaration to occur other than at the beginning for an encoding declaration to occur other than at the beginning for an encoding declaration to occur other than at the beginning for an encoding declaration to occur other than at the beginning for an encoding declaration to occur other than at the beginning for an encoding declaration to occur other than at the beginning for an encoding declaration to occur other than at the beginning for an encoding declaration to occur other than at the beginning
of an external entity, or forof an external entity, or forof an external entity, or forof an external entity, or forof an external entity, or forof an external entity, or forof an external entity, or forof an external entity, or for
an entity which begins with neither a Byte Order Mark nor an encodingan entity which begins with neither a Byte Order Mark nor an encodingan entity which begins with neither a Byte Order Mark nor an encodingan entity which begins with neither a Byte Order Mark nor an encodingan entity which begins with neither a Byte Order Mark nor an encodingan entity which begins with neither a Byte Order Mark nor an encodingan entity which begins with neither a Byte Order Mark nor an encodingan entity which begins with neither a Byte Order Mark nor an encoding
declaration to use an encoding other than UTF-8.declaration to use an encoding other than UTF-8.declaration to use an encoding other than UTF-8.declaration to use an encoding other than UTF-8.declaration to use an encoding other than UTF-8.declaration to use an encoding other than UTF-8.declaration to use an encoding other than UTF-8.declaration to use an encoding other than UTF-8.
Note that since ASCIINote that since ASCIINote that since ASCIINote that since ASCIINote that since ASCIINote that since ASCIINote that since ASCIINote that since ASCII
is a subset of UTF-8, ordinary ASCII entities do not strictly needis a subset of UTF-8, ordinary ASCII entities do not strictly needis a subset of UTF-8, ordinary ASCII entities do not strictly needis a subset of UTF-8, ordinary ASCII entities do not strictly needis a subset of UTF-8, ordinary ASCII entities do not strictly needis a subset of UTF-8, ordinary ASCII entities do not strictly needis a subset of UTF-8, ordinary ASCII entities do not strictly needis a subset of UTF-8, ordinary ASCII entities do not strictly need
an encoding declaration.an encoding declaration.an encoding declaration.an encoding declaration.an encoding declaration.an encoding declaration.an encoding declaration.an encoding declaration.
It is a It is a It is a It is a It is a It is a It is a It is a fatal errorfatal errorfatal errorfatal errorfatal errorfatal errorfatal errorfatal error when an XML processor when an XML processor when an XML processor when an XML processor when an XML processor when an XML processor when an XML processor when an XML processor
encounters an entity with an encoding that it is unable to process.encounters an entity with an encoding that it is unable to process.encounters an entity with an encoding that it is unable to process.encounters an entity with an encoding that it is unable to process.encounters an entity with an encoding that it is unable to process.encounters an entity with an encoding that it is unable to process.encounters an entity with an encoding that it is unable to process.encounters an entity with an encoding that it is unable to process.
Examples of encoding declarations:Examples of encoding declarations:Examples of encoding declarations:Examples of encoding declarations:Examples of encoding declarations:Examples of encoding declarations:Examples of encoding declarations:Examples of encoding declarations:
<<<<<<<<?xml encoding='UTF-8'?>?xml encoding='UTF-8'?>?xml encoding='UTF-8'?>?xml encoding='UTF-8'?>?xml encoding='UTF-8'?>?xml encoding='UTF-8'?>?xml encoding='UTF-8'?>?xml encoding='UTF-8'?>
<<<<<<<<?xml encoding='EUC-JP'?>?xml encoding='EUC-JP'?>?xml encoding='EUC-JP'?>?xml encoding='EUC-JP'?>?xml encoding='EUC-JP'?>?xml encoding='EUC-JP'?>?xml encoding='EUC-JP'?>?xml encoding='EUC-JP'?>
XML Processor Treatment of Entities and ReferencesXML Processor Treatment of Entities and ReferencesXML Processor Treatment of Entities and ReferencesXML Processor Treatment of Entities and ReferencesXML Processor Treatment of Entities and ReferencesXML Processor Treatment of Entities and ReferencesXML Processor Treatment of Entities and ReferencesXML Processor Treatment of Entities and References
The table below summarizes the contexts in which character references,The table below summarizes the contexts in which character references,The table below summarizes the contexts in which character references,The table below summarizes the contexts in which character references,The table below summarizes the contexts in which character references,The table below summarizes the contexts in which character references,The table below summarizes the contexts in which character references,The table below summarizes the contexts in which character references,
entity references, and invocations of unparsed entities might appear and theentity references, and invocations of unparsed entities might appear and theentity references, and invocations of unparsed entities might appear and theentity references, and invocations of unparsed entities might appear and theentity references, and invocations of unparsed entities might appear and theentity references, and invocations of unparsed entities might appear and theentity references, and invocations of unparsed entities might appear and theentity references, and invocations of unparsed entities might appear and the
required behavior of an required behavior of an required behavior of an required behavior of an required behavior of an required behavior of an required behavior of an required behavior of an XML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processor in in in in in in in in
each case. each case. each case. each case. each case. each case. each case. each case.
The labels in the leftmost column describe the recognition context:The labels in the leftmost column describe the recognition context:The labels in the leftmost column describe the recognition context:The labels in the leftmost column describe the recognition context:The labels in the leftmost column describe the recognition context:The labels in the leftmost column describe the recognition context:The labels in the leftmost column describe the recognition context:The labels in the leftmost column describe the recognition context:
as a referenceas a referenceas a referenceas a referenceas a referenceas a referenceas a referenceas a reference
anywhere after the anywhere after the anywhere after the anywhere after the anywhere after the anywhere after the anywhere after the anywhere after the start-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tag and and and and and and and and
before the before the before the before the before the before the before the before the end-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tag of an element; corresponds of an element; corresponds of an element; corresponds of an element; corresponds of an element; corresponds of an element; corresponds of an element; corresponds of an element; corresponds
to the nonterminal to the nonterminal to the nonterminal to the nonterminal to the nonterminal to the nonterminal to the nonterminal to the nonterminal contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent........
as a reference within either the value of an attribute in a as a reference within either the value of an attribute in a as a reference within either the value of an attribute in a as a reference within either the value of an attribute in a as a reference within either the value of an attribute in a as a reference within either the value of an attribute in a as a reference within either the value of an attribute in a as a reference within either the value of an attribute in a
start-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tag, or a default, or a default, or a default, or a default, or a default, or a default, or a default, or a default
value in an value in an value in an value in an value in an value in an value in an value in an attribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declaration;;;;;;;;
corresponds to the nonterminalcorresponds to the nonterminalcorresponds to the nonterminalcorresponds to the nonterminalcorresponds to the nonterminalcorresponds to the nonterminalcorresponds to the nonterminalcorresponds to the nonterminal
AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue........
as a as a as a as a as a as a as a as a NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName, not a reference, appearing either as, not a reference, appearing either as, not a reference, appearing either as, not a reference, appearing either as, not a reference, appearing either as, not a reference, appearing either as, not a reference, appearing either as, not a reference, appearing either as
the value of an the value of an the value of an the value of an the value of an the value of an the value of an the value of an
attribute which has been declared as type attribute which has been declared as type attribute which has been declared as type attribute which has been declared as type attribute which has been declared as type attribute which has been declared as type attribute which has been declared as type attribute which has been declared as type ENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITY, or as one of, or as one of, or as one of, or as one of, or as one of, or as one of, or as one of, or as one of
the space-separated tokens in the value of an attribute which has beenthe space-separated tokens in the value of an attribute which has beenthe space-separated tokens in the value of an attribute which has beenthe space-separated tokens in the value of an attribute which has beenthe space-separated tokens in the value of an attribute which has beenthe space-separated tokens in the value of an attribute which has beenthe space-separated tokens in the value of an attribute which has beenthe space-separated tokens in the value of an attribute which has been
declared as type declared as type declared as type declared as type declared as type declared as type declared as type declared as type ENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIES........
as a referenceas a referenceas a referenceas a referenceas a referenceas a referenceas a referenceas a reference
within a parameter or internal entity's within a parameter or internal entity's within a parameter or internal entity's within a parameter or internal entity's within a parameter or internal entity's within a parameter or internal entity's within a parameter or internal entity's within a parameter or internal entity's
literal entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity valueliteral entity value in in in in in in in in
the entity's declaration; corresponds to the nonterminal the entity's declaration; corresponds to the nonterminal the entity's declaration; corresponds to the nonterminal the entity's declaration; corresponds to the nonterminal the entity's declaration; corresponds to the nonterminal the entity's declaration; corresponds to the nonterminal the entity's declaration; corresponds to the nonterminal the entity's declaration; corresponds to the nonterminal
EntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue........
as a reference within either the internal or external subsets of the as a reference within either the internal or external subsets of the as a reference within either the internal or external subsets of the as a reference within either the internal or external subsets of the as a reference within either the internal or external subsets of the as a reference within either the internal or external subsets of the as a reference within either the internal or external subsets of the as a reference within either the internal or external subsets of the
DTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTD, but outside, but outside, but outside, but outside, but outside, but outside, but outside, but outside
of an of an of an of an of an of an of an of an EntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue or or or or or or or or
AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue........
Entity TypeEntity TypeEntity TypeEntity TypeEntity TypeEntity TypeEntity TypeEntity Type
Included if validatingIncluded if validatingIncluded if validatingIncluded if validatingIncluded if validatingIncluded if validatingIncluded if validatingIncluded if validating
ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
in Attribute Valuein Attribute Valuein Attribute Valuein Attribute Valuein Attribute Valuein Attribute Valuein Attribute Valuein Attribute Value
Not recognizedNot recognizedNot recognizedNot recognizedNot recognizedNot recognizedNot recognizedNot recognized
Included in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literal
Not recognizedNot recognizedNot recognizedNot recognizedNot recognizedNot recognizedNot recognizedNot recognized
ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
in EntityValuein EntityValuein EntityValuein EntityValuein EntityValuein EntityValuein EntityValuein EntityValue
Included in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literalIncluded in literal
Not RecognizedNot RecognizedNot RecognizedNot RecognizedNot RecognizedNot RecognizedNot RecognizedNot Recognized
Outside the DTD, the Outside the DTD, the Outside the DTD, the Outside the DTD, the Outside the DTD, the Outside the DTD, the Outside the DTD, the Outside the DTD, the %%%%%%%% character has no character has no character has no character has no character has no character has no character has no character has no
special significance; thus, what would be parameter entity references in thespecial significance; thus, what would be parameter entity references in thespecial significance; thus, what would be parameter entity references in thespecial significance; thus, what would be parameter entity references in thespecial significance; thus, what would be parameter entity references in thespecial significance; thus, what would be parameter entity references in thespecial significance; thus, what would be parameter entity references in thespecial significance; thus, what would be parameter entity references in the
DTD are not recognized as markup in DTD are not recognized as markup in DTD are not recognized as markup in DTD are not recognized as markup in DTD are not recognized as markup in DTD are not recognized as markup in DTD are not recognized as markup in DTD are not recognized as markup in contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent........
Similarly, the names of unparsed entities are not recognized exceptSimilarly, the names of unparsed entities are not recognized exceptSimilarly, the names of unparsed entities are not recognized exceptSimilarly, the names of unparsed entities are not recognized exceptSimilarly, the names of unparsed entities are not recognized exceptSimilarly, the names of unparsed entities are not recognized exceptSimilarly, the names of unparsed entities are not recognized exceptSimilarly, the names of unparsed entities are not recognized except
when they appear in the value of an appropriately declared attribute.when they appear in the value of an appropriately declared attribute.when they appear in the value of an appropriately declared attribute.when they appear in the value of an appropriately declared attribute.when they appear in the value of an appropriately declared attribute.when they appear in the value of an appropriately declared attribute.when they appear in the value of an appropriately declared attribute.when they appear in the value of an appropriately declared attribute.
An entity is An entity is An entity is An entity is An entity is An entity is An entity is An entity is
includedincludedincludedincludedincludedincludedincludedincluded when its when its when its when its when its when its when its when its
replacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement text is retrieved is retrieved is retrieved is retrieved is retrieved is retrieved is retrieved is retrieved
and processed, in place of the reference itself,and processed, in place of the reference itself,and processed, in place of the reference itself,and processed, in place of the reference itself,and processed, in place of the reference itself,and processed, in place of the reference itself,and processed, in place of the reference itself,and processed, in place of the reference itself,
as though it were part of the document at the location theas though it were part of the document at the location theas though it were part of the document at the location theas though it were part of the document at the location theas though it were part of the document at the location theas though it were part of the document at the location theas though it were part of the document at the location theas though it were part of the document at the location the
reference was recognized.reference was recognized.reference was recognized.reference was recognized.reference was recognized.reference was recognized.reference was recognized.reference was recognized.
The replacement text may contain both The replacement text may contain both The replacement text may contain both The replacement text may contain both The replacement text may contain both The replacement text may contain both The replacement text may contain both The replacement text may contain both
character datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter data
and (except for parameter entities) and (except for parameter entities) and (except for parameter entities) and (except for parameter entities) and (except for parameter entities) and (except for parameter entities) and (except for parameter entities) and (except for parameter entities) markupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkup,,,,,,,,
which must be recognized inwhich must be recognized inwhich must be recognized inwhich must be recognized inwhich must be recognized inwhich must be recognized inwhich must be recognized inwhich must be recognized in
the usual way, except that the replacement text of entities used to escapethe usual way, except that the replacement text of entities used to escapethe usual way, except that the replacement text of entities used to escapethe usual way, except that the replacement text of entities used to escapethe usual way, except that the replacement text of entities used to escapethe usual way, except that the replacement text of entities used to escapethe usual way, except that the replacement text of entities used to escapethe usual way, except that the replacement text of entities used to escape
markup delimiters (the entities markup delimiters (the entities markup delimiters (the entities markup delimiters (the entities markup delimiters (the entities markup delimiters (the entities markup delimiters (the entities markup delimiters (the entities ampampampampampampampamp,,,,,,,,
ltltltltltltltlt,,,,,,,,
gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt,,,,,,,,
aposaposaposaposaposaposaposapos,,,,,,,,
quotquotquotquotquotquotquotquot) is always treated as) is always treated as) is always treated as) is always treated as) is always treated as) is always treated as) is always treated as) is always treated as
data. (The string "data. (The string "data. (The string "data. (The string "data. (The string "data. (The string "data. (The string "data. (The string "ATATATATATATATAT&&&&&&&&T;amp;T;amp;T;amp;T;amp;T;amp;T;amp;T;amp;T;" expands to" expands to" expands to" expands to" expands to" expands to" expands to" expands to
""""""""ATATATATATATATAT&&&&&&&&T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T;" and the remaining ampersand is not recognized" and the remaining ampersand is not recognized" and the remaining ampersand is not recognized" and the remaining ampersand is not recognized" and the remaining ampersand is not recognized" and the remaining ampersand is not recognized" and the remaining ampersand is not recognized" and the remaining ampersand is not recognized
as an entity-reference delimiter.) as an entity-reference delimiter.) as an entity-reference delimiter.) as an entity-reference delimiter.) as an entity-reference delimiter.) as an entity-reference delimiter.) as an entity-reference delimiter.) as an entity-reference delimiter.)
A character reference is A character reference is A character reference is A character reference is A character reference is A character reference is A character reference is A character reference is includedincludedincludedincludedincludedincludedincludedincluded when the indicated when the indicated when the indicated when the indicated when the indicated when the indicated when the indicated when the indicated
character is processed in place of the reference itself.character is processed in place of the reference itself.character is processed in place of the reference itself.character is processed in place of the reference itself.character is processed in place of the reference itself.character is processed in place of the reference itself.character is processed in place of the reference itself.character is processed in place of the reference itself.
Included If ValidatingIncluded If ValidatingIncluded If ValidatingIncluded If ValidatingIncluded If ValidatingIncluded If ValidatingIncluded If ValidatingIncluded If Validating
When an XML processor recognizes a reference to a parsed entity, in orderWhen an XML processor recognizes a reference to a parsed entity, in orderWhen an XML processor recognizes a reference to a parsed entity, in orderWhen an XML processor recognizes a reference to a parsed entity, in orderWhen an XML processor recognizes a reference to a parsed entity, in orderWhen an XML processor recognizes a reference to a parsed entity, in orderWhen an XML processor recognizes a reference to a parsed entity, in orderWhen an XML processor recognizes a reference to a parsed entity, in order
to to to to to to to to validatevalidatevalidatevalidatevalidatevalidatevalidatevalidate
the document, the processor must the document, the processor must the document, the processor must the document, the processor must the document, the processor must the document, the processor must the document, the processor must the document, the processor must
includeincludeincludeincludeincludeincludeincludeinclude its its its its its its its its
replacement text.replacement text.replacement text.replacement text.replacement text.replacement text.replacement text.replacement text.
If the entity is external, and the processor is notIf the entity is external, and the processor is notIf the entity is external, and the processor is notIf the entity is external, and the processor is notIf the entity is external, and the processor is notIf the entity is external, and the processor is notIf the entity is external, and the processor is notIf the entity is external, and the processor is not
attempting to validate the XML document, theattempting to validate the XML document, theattempting to validate the XML document, theattempting to validate the XML document, theattempting to validate the XML document, theattempting to validate the XML document, theattempting to validate the XML document, theattempting to validate the XML document, the
processor processor processor processor processor processor processor processor maymaymaymaymaymaymaymay, but need not, , but need not, , but need not, , but need not, , but need not, , but need not, , but need not, , but need not,
include the entity's replacement text.include the entity's replacement text.include the entity's replacement text.include the entity's replacement text.include the entity's replacement text.include the entity's replacement text.include the entity's replacement text.include the entity's replacement text.
If a non-validating parser does not include the replacement text,If a non-validating parser does not include the replacement text,If a non-validating parser does not include the replacement text,If a non-validating parser does not include the replacement text,If a non-validating parser does not include the replacement text,If a non-validating parser does not include the replacement text,If a non-validating parser does not include the replacement text,If a non-validating parser does not include the replacement text,
it must inform the application that it recognized, but did notit must inform the application that it recognized, but did notit must inform the application that it recognized, but did notit must inform the application that it recognized, but did notit must inform the application that it recognized, but did notit must inform the application that it recognized, but did notit must inform the application that it recognized, but did notit must inform the application that it recognized, but did not
read, the entity.read, the entity.read, the entity.read, the entity.read, the entity.read, the entity.read, the entity.read, the entity.
This rule is based on the recognition that the automatic inclusionThis rule is based on the recognition that the automatic inclusionThis rule is based on the recognition that the automatic inclusionThis rule is based on the recognition that the automatic inclusionThis rule is based on the recognition that the automatic inclusionThis rule is based on the recognition that the automatic inclusionThis rule is based on the recognition that the automatic inclusionThis rule is based on the recognition that the automatic inclusion
provided by the SGML and XML entity mechanism, primarily designedprovided by the SGML and XML entity mechanism, primarily designedprovided by the SGML and XML entity mechanism, primarily designedprovided by the SGML and XML entity mechanism, primarily designedprovided by the SGML and XML entity mechanism, primarily designedprovided by the SGML and XML entity mechanism, primarily designedprovided by the SGML and XML entity mechanism, primarily designedprovided by the SGML and XML entity mechanism, primarily designed
to support modularity in authoring, is not necessarily to support modularity in authoring, is not necessarily to support modularity in authoring, is not necessarily to support modularity in authoring, is not necessarily to support modularity in authoring, is not necessarily to support modularity in authoring, is not necessarily to support modularity in authoring, is not necessarily to support modularity in authoring, is not necessarily
appropriate for other applications, in particular document browsing.appropriate for other applications, in particular document browsing.appropriate for other applications, in particular document browsing.appropriate for other applications, in particular document browsing.appropriate for other applications, in particular document browsing.appropriate for other applications, in particular document browsing.appropriate for other applications, in particular document browsing.appropriate for other applications, in particular document browsing.
Browsers, for example, when encountering an external parsed entity reference,Browsers, for example, when encountering an external parsed entity reference,Browsers, for example, when encountering an external parsed entity reference,Browsers, for example, when encountering an external parsed entity reference,Browsers, for example, when encountering an external parsed entity reference,Browsers, for example, when encountering an external parsed entity reference,Browsers, for example, when encountering an external parsed entity reference,Browsers, for example, when encountering an external parsed entity reference,
might choose to provide a visual indication of the entity'smight choose to provide a visual indication of the entity'smight choose to provide a visual indication of the entity'smight choose to provide a visual indication of the entity'smight choose to provide a visual indication of the entity'smight choose to provide a visual indication of the entity'smight choose to provide a visual indication of the entity'smight choose to provide a visual indication of the entity's
presence and retrieve it for display only on demand.presence and retrieve it for display only on demand.presence and retrieve it for display only on demand.presence and retrieve it for display only on demand.presence and retrieve it for display only on demand.presence and retrieve it for display only on demand.presence and retrieve it for display only on demand.presence and retrieve it for display only on demand.
The following are forbidden, and constituteThe following are forbidden, and constituteThe following are forbidden, and constituteThe following are forbidden, and constituteThe following are forbidden, and constituteThe following are forbidden, and constituteThe following are forbidden, and constituteThe following are forbidden, and constitute
fatalfatalfatalfatalfatalfatalfatalfatal errors: errors: errors: errors: errors: errors: errors: errors:
the appearance of a reference to anthe appearance of a reference to anthe appearance of a reference to anthe appearance of a reference to anthe appearance of a reference to anthe appearance of a reference to anthe appearance of a reference to anthe appearance of a reference to an
unparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entity........
the appearance of any character or general-entity reference in thethe appearance of any character or general-entity reference in thethe appearance of any character or general-entity reference in thethe appearance of any character or general-entity reference in thethe appearance of any character or general-entity reference in thethe appearance of any character or general-entity reference in thethe appearance of any character or general-entity reference in thethe appearance of any character or general-entity reference in the
DTD except within an DTD except within an DTD except within an DTD except within an DTD except within an DTD except within an DTD except within an DTD except within an EntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue or or or or or or or or
AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue........
a reference to an external entity in an attribute value.a reference to an external entity in an attribute value.a reference to an external entity in an attribute value.a reference to an external entity in an attribute value.a reference to an external entity in an attribute value.a reference to an external entity in an attribute value.a reference to an external entity in an attribute value.a reference to an external entity in an attribute value.
Included in LiteralIncluded in LiteralIncluded in LiteralIncluded in LiteralIncluded in LiteralIncluded in LiteralIncluded in LiteralIncluded in Literal
When an When an When an When an When an When an When an When an entity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity referenceentity reference appears in an appears in an appears in an appears in an appears in an appears in an appears in an appears in an
attribute value, or a parameter entity reference appears in a literal entityattribute value, or a parameter entity reference appears in a literal entityattribute value, or a parameter entity reference appears in a literal entityattribute value, or a parameter entity reference appears in a literal entityattribute value, or a parameter entity reference appears in a literal entityattribute value, or a parameter entity reference appears in a literal entityattribute value, or a parameter entity reference appears in a literal entityattribute value, or a parameter entity reference appears in a literal entity
value, its value, its value, its value, its value, its value, its value, its value, its replacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement text is is is is is is is is
processed in place of the reference itself as though itprocessed in place of the reference itself as though itprocessed in place of the reference itself as though itprocessed in place of the reference itself as though itprocessed in place of the reference itself as though itprocessed in place of the reference itself as though itprocessed in place of the reference itself as though itprocessed in place of the reference itself as though it
were part of the document at the location the reference was recognized,were part of the document at the location the reference was recognized,were part of the document at the location the reference was recognized,were part of the document at the location the reference was recognized,were part of the document at the location the reference was recognized,were part of the document at the location the reference was recognized,were part of the document at the location the reference was recognized,were part of the document at the location the reference was recognized,
except that a single or double quote character in the replacement textexcept that a single or double quote character in the replacement textexcept that a single or double quote character in the replacement textexcept that a single or double quote character in the replacement textexcept that a single or double quote character in the replacement textexcept that a single or double quote character in the replacement textexcept that a single or double quote character in the replacement textexcept that a single or double quote character in the replacement text
is always treated as a normal data character and will not terminate theis always treated as a normal data character and will not terminate theis always treated as a normal data character and will not terminate theis always treated as a normal data character and will not terminate theis always treated as a normal data character and will not terminate theis always treated as a normal data character and will not terminate theis always treated as a normal data character and will not terminate theis always treated as a normal data character and will not terminate the
literal. literal. literal. literal. literal. literal. literal. literal.
For example, this is well-formed:For example, this is well-formed:For example, this is well-formed:For example, this is well-formed:For example, this is well-formed:For example, this is well-formed:For example, this is well-formed:For example, this is well-formed:
]]>
while this is not:while this is not:while this is not:while this is not:while this is not:while this is not:while this is not:while this is not:
<<<<<<<<!ENTITY EndAttr "27'" >!ENTITY EndAttr "27'" >!ENTITY EndAttr "27'" >!ENTITY EndAttr "27'" >!ENTITY EndAttr "27'" >!ENTITY EndAttr "27'" >!ENTITY EndAttr "27'" >!ENTITY EndAttr "27'" >
<<<<<<<<element attribute='a-element attribute='a-element attribute='a-element attribute='a-element attribute='a-element attribute='a-element attribute='a-element attribute='a-&&&&&&&&EndAttr;>EndAttr;>EndAttr;>EndAttr;>EndAttr;>EndAttr;>EndAttr;>EndAttr;>
NotifyNotifyNotifyNotifyNotifyNotifyNotifyNotify
When the name of an When the name of an When the name of an When the name of an When the name of an When the name of an When the name of an When the name of an unparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsed
entityentityentityentityentityentityentityentity appears as a token in the appears as a token in the appears as a token in the appears as a token in the appears as a token in the appears as a token in the appears as a token in the appears as a token in the
value of an attribute of declared type value of an attribute of declared type value of an attribute of declared type value of an attribute of declared type value of an attribute of declared type value of an attribute of declared type value of an attribute of declared type value of an attribute of declared type ENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITY or or or or or or or or ENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIES,,,,,,,,
a validating processor must inform thea validating processor must inform thea validating processor must inform thea validating processor must inform thea validating processor must inform thea validating processor must inform thea validating processor must inform thea validating processor must inform the
application of the application of the application of the application of the application of the application of the application of the application of the systemsystemsystemsystemsystemsystemsystemsystem
and and and and and and and and publicpublicpublicpublicpublicpublicpublicpublic (if any) (if any) (if any) (if any) (if any) (if any) (if any) (if any)
identifiers for both the entity and its associatedidentifiers for both the entity and its associatedidentifiers for both the entity and its associatedidentifiers for both the entity and its associatedidentifiers for both the entity and its associatedidentifiers for both the entity and its associatedidentifiers for both the entity and its associatedidentifiers for both the entity and its associated
notationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotation........
When a general entity reference appears in theWhen a general entity reference appears in theWhen a general entity reference appears in theWhen a general entity reference appears in theWhen a general entity reference appears in theWhen a general entity reference appears in theWhen a general entity reference appears in theWhen a general entity reference appears in the
EntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue in an entity declaration, in an entity declaration, in an entity declaration, in an entity declaration, in an entity declaration, in an entity declaration, in an entity declaration, in an entity declaration,
it is bypassed and left as is.it is bypassed and left as is.it is bypassed and left as is.it is bypassed and left as is.it is bypassed and left as is.it is bypassed and left as is.it is bypassed and left as is.it is bypassed and left as is.
Included as PEIncluded as PEIncluded as PEIncluded as PEIncluded as PEIncluded as PEIncluded as PEIncluded as PE
Just as with external parsed entities, parameter entitiesJust as with external parsed entities, parameter entitiesJust as with external parsed entities, parameter entitiesJust as with external parsed entities, parameter entitiesJust as with external parsed entities, parameter entitiesJust as with external parsed entities, parameter entitiesJust as with external parsed entities, parameter entitiesJust as with external parsed entities, parameter entities
need only be need only be need only be need only be need only be need only be need only be need only be included ifincluded ifincluded ifincluded ifincluded ifincluded ifincluded ifincluded if
validatingvalidatingvalidatingvalidatingvalidatingvalidatingvalidatingvalidating. . . . . . . .
When a parameter-entity reference is recognized in the DTDWhen a parameter-entity reference is recognized in the DTDWhen a parameter-entity reference is recognized in the DTDWhen a parameter-entity reference is recognized in the DTDWhen a parameter-entity reference is recognized in the DTDWhen a parameter-entity reference is recognized in the DTDWhen a parameter-entity reference is recognized in the DTDWhen a parameter-entity reference is recognized in the DTD
and included, its and included, its and included, its and included, its and included, its and included, its and included, its and included, its
replacementreplacementreplacementreplacementreplacementreplacementreplacementreplacement
texttexttexttexttexttexttexttext is enlarged by the attachment of one leading and one following is enlarged by the attachment of one leading and one following is enlarged by the attachment of one leading and one following is enlarged by the attachment of one leading and one following is enlarged by the attachment of one leading and one following is enlarged by the attachment of one leading and one following is enlarged by the attachment of one leading and one following is enlarged by the attachment of one leading and one following
space (#x20) character; the intent is to constrain the replacementspace (#x20) character; the intent is to constrain the replacementspace (#x20) character; the intent is to constrain the replacementspace (#x20) character; the intent is to constrain the replacementspace (#x20) character; the intent is to constrain the replacementspace (#x20) character; the intent is to constrain the replacementspace (#x20) character; the intent is to constrain the replacementspace (#x20) character; the intent is to constrain the replacement
text of parameter text of parameter text of parameter text of parameter text of parameter text of parameter text of parameter text of parameter
entities to contain an integral number of grammatical tokens in the DTD.entities to contain an integral number of grammatical tokens in the DTD.entities to contain an integral number of grammatical tokens in the DTD.entities to contain an integral number of grammatical tokens in the DTD.entities to contain an integral number of grammatical tokens in the DTD.entities to contain an integral number of grammatical tokens in the DTD.entities to contain an integral number of grammatical tokens in the DTD.entities to contain an integral number of grammatical tokens in the DTD.
Construction of Internal Entity Replacement TextConstruction of Internal Entity Replacement TextConstruction of Internal Entity Replacement TextConstruction of Internal Entity Replacement TextConstruction of Internal Entity Replacement TextConstruction of Internal Entity Replacement TextConstruction of Internal Entity Replacement TextConstruction of Internal Entity Replacement Text
In discussing the treatmentIn discussing the treatmentIn discussing the treatmentIn discussing the treatmentIn discussing the treatmentIn discussing the treatmentIn discussing the treatmentIn discussing the treatment
of internal entities, it is of internal entities, it is of internal entities, it is of internal entities, it is of internal entities, it is of internal entities, it is of internal entities, it is of internal entities, it is
useful to distinguish two forms of the entity's value.useful to distinguish two forms of the entity's value.useful to distinguish two forms of the entity's value.useful to distinguish two forms of the entity's value.useful to distinguish two forms of the entity's value.useful to distinguish two forms of the entity's value.useful to distinguish two forms of the entity's value.useful to distinguish two forms of the entity's value.
The The The The The The The The literalliteralliteralliteralliteralliteralliteralliteral
entity valueentity valueentity valueentity valueentity valueentity valueentity valueentity value is the quoted string actually is the quoted string actually is the quoted string actually is the quoted string actually is the quoted string actually is the quoted string actually is the quoted string actually is the quoted string actually
present in the entity declaration, corresponding to thepresent in the entity declaration, corresponding to thepresent in the entity declaration, corresponding to thepresent in the entity declaration, corresponding to thepresent in the entity declaration, corresponding to thepresent in the entity declaration, corresponding to thepresent in the entity declaration, corresponding to thepresent in the entity declaration, corresponding to the
non-terminal non-terminal non-terminal non-terminal non-terminal non-terminal non-terminal non-terminal EntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue........The The The The The The The The replacementreplacementreplacementreplacementreplacementreplacementreplacementreplacement
texttexttexttexttexttexttexttext is the content of the entity, after is the content of the entity, after is the content of the entity, after is the content of the entity, after is the content of the entity, after is the content of the entity, after is the content of the entity, after is the content of the entity, after
replacement of character references and parameter-entityreplacement of character references and parameter-entityreplacement of character references and parameter-entityreplacement of character references and parameter-entityreplacement of character references and parameter-entityreplacement of character references and parameter-entityreplacement of character references and parameter-entityreplacement of character references and parameter-entity
references.references.references.references.references.references.references.references.
These simple rules may have complex interactions; for a detailedThese simple rules may have complex interactions; for a detailedThese simple rules may have complex interactions; for a detailedThese simple rules may have complex interactions; for a detailedThese simple rules may have complex interactions; for a detailedThese simple rules may have complex interactions; for a detailedThese simple rules may have complex interactions; for a detailedThese simple rules may have complex interactions; for a detailed
discussion of a difficult example, seediscussion of a difficult example, seediscussion of a difficult example, seediscussion of a difficult example, seediscussion of a difficult example, seediscussion of a difficult example, seediscussion of a difficult example, seediscussion of a difficult example, see
........
Entity and characterEntity and characterEntity and characterEntity and characterEntity and characterEntity and characterEntity and characterEntity and character
references can both be used to references can both be used to references can both be used to references can both be used to references can both be used to references can both be used to references can both be used to references can both be used to escapeescapeescapeescapeescapeescapeescapeescape the left angle bracket, the left angle bracket, the left angle bracket, the left angle bracket, the left angle bracket, the left angle bracket, the left angle bracket, the left angle bracket,
ampersand, and other delimiters. A set of general entitiesampersand, and other delimiters. A set of general entitiesampersand, and other delimiters. A set of general entitiesampersand, and other delimiters. A set of general entitiesampersand, and other delimiters. A set of general entitiesampersand, and other delimiters. A set of general entitiesampersand, and other delimiters. A set of general entitiesampersand, and other delimiters. A set of general entities
((((((((ampampampampampampampamp,,,,,,,,
ltltltltltltltlt,,,,,,,,
gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt,,,,,,,,
aposaposaposaposaposaposaposapos,,,,,,,,
quotquotquotquotquotquotquotquot) is specified for this purpose.) is specified for this purpose.) is specified for this purpose.) is specified for this purpose.) is specified for this purpose.) is specified for this purpose.) is specified for this purpose.) is specified for this purpose.
Numeric character references may also be used; they areNumeric character references may also be used; they areNumeric character references may also be used; they areNumeric character references may also be used; they areNumeric character references may also be used; they areNumeric character references may also be used; they areNumeric character references may also be used; they areNumeric character references may also be used; they are
expanded immediately when recognized and must be treated asexpanded immediately when recognized and must be treated asexpanded immediately when recognized and must be treated asexpanded immediately when recognized and must be treated asexpanded immediately when recognized and must be treated asexpanded immediately when recognized and must be treated asexpanded immediately when recognized and must be treated asexpanded immediately when recognized and must be treated as
character data, so the numeric character referencescharacter data, so the numeric character referencescharacter data, so the numeric character referencescharacter data, so the numeric character referencescharacter data, so the numeric character referencescharacter data, so the numeric character referencescharacter data, so the numeric character referencescharacter data, so the numeric character references
""""""""&&&&&&&<#60;#60;#60;#60;#60;#60;#60;" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "&&&&&&&&#38;#38;#38;#38;#38;#38;#38;" may be used to " may be used to " may be used to " may be used to " may be used to " may be used to " may be used to " may be used to
escape escape escape escape escape escape escape escape <<<<<<<< and and and and and and and and &&&&&&&& when they occur when they occur when they occur when they occur when they occur when they occur when they occur when they occur
in character data.in character data.in character data.in character data.in character data.in character data.in character data.in character data.
All XML processors must recognize these entities whether theyAll XML processors must recognize these entities whether theyAll XML processors must recognize these entities whether theyAll XML processors must recognize these entities whether theyAll XML processors must recognize these entities whether theyAll XML processors must recognize these entities whether theyAll XML processors must recognize these entities whether theyAll XML processors must recognize these entities whether they
are declared or not. are declared or not. are declared or not. are declared or not. are declared or not. are declared or not. are declared or not. are declared or not.
For interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperability,,,,,,,,
valid XML documents should declare thesevalid XML documents should declare thesevalid XML documents should declare thesevalid XML documents should declare thesevalid XML documents should declare thesevalid XML documents should declare thesevalid XML documents should declare thesevalid XML documents should declare these
entities, like any others, before using them.entities, like any others, before using them.entities, like any others, before using them.entities, like any others, before using them.entities, like any others, before using them.entities, like any others, before using them.entities, like any others, before using them.entities, like any others, before using them.
If the entities in question are declared, they must be declaredIf the entities in question are declared, they must be declaredIf the entities in question are declared, they must be declaredIf the entities in question are declared, they must be declaredIf the entities in question are declared, they must be declaredIf the entities in question are declared, they must be declaredIf the entities in question are declared, they must be declaredIf the entities in question are declared, they must be declared
as internal entities whose replacement text is the singleas internal entities whose replacement text is the singleas internal entities whose replacement text is the singleas internal entities whose replacement text is the singleas internal entities whose replacement text is the singleas internal entities whose replacement text is the singleas internal entities whose replacement text is the singleas internal entities whose replacement text is the single
character being escaped or a character reference tocharacter being escaped or a character reference tocharacter being escaped or a character reference tocharacter being escaped or a character reference tocharacter being escaped or a character reference tocharacter being escaped or a character reference tocharacter being escaped or a character reference tocharacter being escaped or a character reference to
that character, as shown below.that character, as shown below.that character, as shown below.that character, as shown below.that character, as shown below.that character, as shown below.that character, as shown below.that character, as shown below.
]]>
Note that the Note that the Note that the Note that the Note that the Note that the Note that the Note that the <<<<<<<< and and and and and and and and &&&&&&&& characters characters characters characters characters characters characters characters
in the declarations of "in the declarations of "in the declarations of "in the declarations of "in the declarations of "in the declarations of "in the declarations of "in the declarations of "ltltltltltltltlt" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "ampampampampampampampamp""""""""
are doubly escaped to meet the requirement that entity replacementare doubly escaped to meet the requirement that entity replacementare doubly escaped to meet the requirement that entity replacementare doubly escaped to meet the requirement that entity replacementare doubly escaped to meet the requirement that entity replacementare doubly escaped to meet the requirement that entity replacementare doubly escaped to meet the requirement that entity replacementare doubly escaped to meet the requirement that entity replacement
be well-formed.be well-formed.be well-formed.be well-formed.be well-formed.be well-formed.be well-formed.be well-formed.
NotationsNotationsNotationsNotationsNotationsNotationsNotationsNotations identify by identify by identify by identify by identify by identify by identify by identify by
name the format of name the format of name the format of name the format of name the format of name the format of name the format of name the format of unparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsedunparsed
entitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentities, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the
format of elements which bear a notation attribute, format of elements which bear a notation attribute, format of elements which bear a notation attribute, format of elements which bear a notation attribute, format of elements which bear a notation attribute, format of elements which bear a notation attribute, format of elements which bear a notation attribute, format of elements which bear a notation attribute,
or the application to which or the application to which or the application to which or the application to which or the application to which or the application to which or the application to which or the application to which
a a a a a a a a processing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instruction is is is is is is is is
addressed.addressed.addressed.addressed.addressed.addressed.addressed.addressed.
Notation declarationsNotation declarationsNotation declarationsNotation declarationsNotation declarationsNotation declarationsNotation declarationsNotation declarations
provide a name for the notation, for use inprovide a name for the notation, for use inprovide a name for the notation, for use inprovide a name for the notation, for use inprovide a name for the notation, for use inprovide a name for the notation, for use inprovide a name for the notation, for use inprovide a name for the notation, for use in
entity and attribute-list declarations and in attribute specifications,entity and attribute-list declarations and in attribute specifications,entity and attribute-list declarations and in attribute specifications,entity and attribute-list declarations and in attribute specifications,entity and attribute-list declarations and in attribute specifications,entity and attribute-list declarations and in attribute specifications,entity and attribute-list declarations and in attribute specifications,entity and attribute-list declarations and in attribute specifications,
and an external identifier for the notation which may allow an XMLand an external identifier for the notation which may allow an XMLand an external identifier for the notation which may allow an XMLand an external identifier for the notation which may allow an XMLand an external identifier for the notation which may allow an XMLand an external identifier for the notation which may allow an XMLand an external identifier for the notation which may allow an XMLand an external identifier for the notation which may allow an XML
processor or its client application to locate a helper applicationprocessor or its client application to locate a helper applicationprocessor or its client application to locate a helper applicationprocessor or its client application to locate a helper applicationprocessor or its client application to locate a helper applicationprocessor or its client application to locate a helper applicationprocessor or its client application to locate a helper applicationprocessor or its client application to locate a helper application
capable of processing data in the given notation.capable of processing data in the given notation.capable of processing data in the given notation.capable of processing data in the given notation.capable of processing data in the given notation.capable of processing data in the given notation.capable of processing data in the given notation.capable of processing data in the given notation.
Notation DeclarationsNotation DeclarationsNotation DeclarationsNotation DeclarationsNotation DeclarationsNotation DeclarationsNotation DeclarationsNotation Declarations
NotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDecl''''''''<<<<<<<<!NOTATION' !NOTATION' !NOTATION' !NOTATION' !NOTATION' !NOTATION' !NOTATION' !NOTATION' SSSSSSSSNameNameNameNameNameNameNameNameSSSSSSSS
((((((((ExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalID | | | | | | | |
PublicIDPublicIDPublicIDPublicIDPublicIDPublicIDPublicIDPublicID))))))))
SSSSSSSS? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'PublicIDPublicIDPublicIDPublicIDPublicIDPublicIDPublicIDPublicID'PUBLIC' 'PUBLIC' 'PUBLIC' 'PUBLIC' 'PUBLIC' 'PUBLIC' 'PUBLIC' 'PUBLIC' SSSSSSSSPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteralPubidLiteral
XML processors must provide applications with the name and externalXML processors must provide applications with the name and externalXML processors must provide applications with the name and externalXML processors must provide applications with the name and externalXML processors must provide applications with the name and externalXML processors must provide applications with the name and externalXML processors must provide applications with the name and externalXML processors must provide applications with the name and external
identifier(s) of any notation declared and referred to in an attributeidentifier(s) of any notation declared and referred to in an attributeidentifier(s) of any notation declared and referred to in an attributeidentifier(s) of any notation declared and referred to in an attributeidentifier(s) of any notation declared and referred to in an attributeidentifier(s) of any notation declared and referred to in an attributeidentifier(s) of any notation declared and referred to in an attributeidentifier(s) of any notation declared and referred to in an attribute
value, attribute definition, or entity declaration. They mayvalue, attribute definition, or entity declaration. They mayvalue, attribute definition, or entity declaration. They mayvalue, attribute definition, or entity declaration. They mayvalue, attribute definition, or entity declaration. They mayvalue, attribute definition, or entity declaration. They mayvalue, attribute definition, or entity declaration. They mayvalue, attribute definition, or entity declaration. They may
additionally resolve the external identifier into theadditionally resolve the external identifier into theadditionally resolve the external identifier into theadditionally resolve the external identifier into theadditionally resolve the external identifier into theadditionally resolve the external identifier into theadditionally resolve the external identifier into theadditionally resolve the external identifier into the
system identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifier,,,,,,,,
file name, or other information needed to allow thefile name, or other information needed to allow thefile name, or other information needed to allow thefile name, or other information needed to allow thefile name, or other information needed to allow thefile name, or other information needed to allow thefile name, or other information needed to allow thefile name, or other information needed to allow the
application to call a processor for data in the notation described. (Itapplication to call a processor for data in the notation described. (Itapplication to call a processor for data in the notation described. (Itapplication to call a processor for data in the notation described. (Itapplication to call a processor for data in the notation described. (Itapplication to call a processor for data in the notation described. (Itapplication to call a processor for data in the notation described. (Itapplication to call a processor for data in the notation described. (It
is not an error, however, for XML documents to declare and refer tois not an error, however, for XML documents to declare and refer tois not an error, however, for XML documents to declare and refer tois not an error, however, for XML documents to declare and refer tois not an error, however, for XML documents to declare and refer tois not an error, however, for XML documents to declare and refer tois not an error, however, for XML documents to declare and refer tois not an error, however, for XML documents to declare and refer to
notations for which notation-specific applications are not available onnotations for which notation-specific applications are not available onnotations for which notation-specific applications are not available onnotations for which notation-specific applications are not available onnotations for which notation-specific applications are not available onnotations for which notation-specific applications are not available onnotations for which notation-specific applications are not available onnotations for which notation-specific applications are not available on
the system where the XML processor or application is running.)the system where the XML processor or application is running.)the system where the XML processor or application is running.)the system where the XML processor or application is running.)the system where the XML processor or application is running.)the system where the XML processor or application is running.)the system where the XML processor or application is running.)the system where the XML processor or application is running.)
The The The The The The The The documentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocument
entityentityentityentityentityentityentityentity serves as the root of the entity serves as the root of the entity serves as the root of the entity serves as the root of the entity serves as the root of the entity serves as the root of the entity serves as the root of the entity serves as the root of the entity
tree and a starting-point for an tree and a starting-point for an tree and a starting-point for an tree and a starting-point for an tree and a starting-point for an tree and a starting-point for an tree and a starting-point for an tree and a starting-point for an XMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXML
processorprocessorprocessorprocessorprocessorprocessorprocessorprocessor........
This specification doesThis specification doesThis specification doesThis specification doesThis specification doesThis specification doesThis specification doesThis specification does
not specify how the document entity is to be located by an XMLnot specify how the document entity is to be located by an XMLnot specify how the document entity is to be located by an XMLnot specify how the document entity is to be located by an XMLnot specify how the document entity is to be located by an XMLnot specify how the document entity is to be located by an XMLnot specify how the document entity is to be located by an XMLnot specify how the document entity is to be located by an XML
processor; unlike other entities, the document entity has no name and mightprocessor; unlike other entities, the document entity has no name and mightprocessor; unlike other entities, the document entity has no name and mightprocessor; unlike other entities, the document entity has no name and mightprocessor; unlike other entities, the document entity has no name and mightprocessor; unlike other entities, the document entity has no name and mightprocessor; unlike other entities, the document entity has no name and mightprocessor; unlike other entities, the document entity has no name and might
well appear on a processor input stream well appear on a processor input stream well appear on a processor input stream well appear on a processor input stream well appear on a processor input stream well appear on a processor input stream well appear on a processor input stream well appear on a processor input stream
without any identification at all.without any identification at all.without any identification at all.without any identification at all.without any identification at all.without any identification at all.without any identification at all.without any identification at all.
ConformanceConformanceConformanceConformanceConformanceConformanceConformanceConformance
Validating and Non-Validating ProcessorsValidating and Non-Validating ProcessorsValidating and Non-Validating ProcessorsValidating and Non-Validating ProcessorsValidating and Non-Validating ProcessorsValidating and Non-Validating ProcessorsValidating and Non-Validating ProcessorsValidating and Non-Validating Processors
Conforming Conforming Conforming Conforming Conforming Conforming Conforming Conforming XML processorsXML processorsXML processorsXML processorsXML processorsXML processorsXML processorsXML processors fall into two fall into two fall into two fall into two fall into two fall into two fall into two fall into two
classes: validating and non-validating.classes: validating and non-validating.classes: validating and non-validating.classes: validating and non-validating.classes: validating and non-validating.classes: validating and non-validating.classes: validating and non-validating.classes: validating and non-validating.
Validating and non-validating processors alike must reportValidating and non-validating processors alike must reportValidating and non-validating processors alike must reportValidating and non-validating processors alike must reportValidating and non-validating processors alike must reportValidating and non-validating processors alike must reportValidating and non-validating processors alike must reportValidating and non-validating processors alike must report
violations of this specification's well-formedness constraintsviolations of this specification's well-formedness constraintsviolations of this specification's well-formedness constraintsviolations of this specification's well-formedness constraintsviolations of this specification's well-formedness constraintsviolations of this specification's well-formedness constraintsviolations of this specification's well-formedness constraintsviolations of this specification's well-formedness constraints
in the content of thein the content of thein the content of thein the content of thein the content of thein the content of thein the content of thein the content of the
document entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entity and any and any and any and any and any and any and any and any
other other other other other other other other parsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entities that that that that that that that that
they read.they read.they read.they read.they read.they read.they read.they read.
Validating processorsValidating processorsValidating processorsValidating processorsValidating processorsValidating processorsValidating processorsValidating processors must report must report must report must report must report must report must report must report
violations of the constraints expressed by the declarations in theviolations of the constraints expressed by the declarations in theviolations of the constraints expressed by the declarations in theviolations of the constraints expressed by the declarations in theviolations of the constraints expressed by the declarations in theviolations of the constraints expressed by the declarations in theviolations of the constraints expressed by the declarations in theviolations of the constraints expressed by the declarations in the
DTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTD, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and
failures to fulfill the validity constraints givenfailures to fulfill the validity constraints givenfailures to fulfill the validity constraints givenfailures to fulfill the validity constraints givenfailures to fulfill the validity constraints givenfailures to fulfill the validity constraints givenfailures to fulfill the validity constraints givenfailures to fulfill the validity constraints given
in this specification.in this specification.in this specification.in this specification.in this specification.in this specification.in this specification.in this specification.
To accomplish this, validating XML processors must read and process the entireTo accomplish this, validating XML processors must read and process the entireTo accomplish this, validating XML processors must read and process the entireTo accomplish this, validating XML processors must read and process the entireTo accomplish this, validating XML processors must read and process the entireTo accomplish this, validating XML processors must read and process the entireTo accomplish this, validating XML processors must read and process the entireTo accomplish this, validating XML processors must read and process the entire
DTD and all external parsed entities referenced in the document.DTD and all external parsed entities referenced in the document.DTD and all external parsed entities referenced in the document.DTD and all external parsed entities referenced in the document.DTD and all external parsed entities referenced in the document.DTD and all external parsed entities referenced in the document.DTD and all external parsed entities referenced in the document.DTD and all external parsed entities referenced in the document.
Non-validating processors are required to check only the Non-validating processors are required to check only the Non-validating processors are required to check only the Non-validating processors are required to check only the Non-validating processors are required to check only the Non-validating processors are required to check only the Non-validating processors are required to check only the Non-validating processors are required to check only the
document entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entity, including, including, including, including, including, including, including, including
the entire internal DTD subset, for well-formedness.the entire internal DTD subset, for well-formedness.the entire internal DTD subset, for well-formedness.the entire internal DTD subset, for well-formedness.the entire internal DTD subset, for well-formedness.the entire internal DTD subset, for well-formedness.the entire internal DTD subset, for well-formedness.the entire internal DTD subset, for well-formedness.
While they are not required to check the document for validity,While they are not required to check the document for validity,While they are not required to check the document for validity,While they are not required to check the document for validity,While they are not required to check the document for validity,While they are not required to check the document for validity,While they are not required to check the document for validity,While they are not required to check the document for validity,
they are required to they are required to they are required to they are required to they are required to they are required to they are required to they are required to
processprocessprocessprocessprocessprocessprocessprocess all the declarations they read in the all the declarations they read in the all the declarations they read in the all the declarations they read in the all the declarations they read in the all the declarations they read in the all the declarations they read in the all the declarations they read in the
internal DTD subset and in any parameter entity that theyinternal DTD subset and in any parameter entity that theyinternal DTD subset and in any parameter entity that theyinternal DTD subset and in any parameter entity that theyinternal DTD subset and in any parameter entity that theyinternal DTD subset and in any parameter entity that theyinternal DTD subset and in any parameter entity that theyinternal DTD subset and in any parameter entity that they
read, up to the first referenceread, up to the first referenceread, up to the first referenceread, up to the first referenceread, up to the first referenceread, up to the first referenceread, up to the first referenceread, up to the first reference
to a parameter entity that they do to a parameter entity that they do to a parameter entity that they do to a parameter entity that they do to a parameter entity that they do to a parameter entity that they do to a parameter entity that they do to a parameter entity that they do notnotnotnotnotnotnotnot read; that is to read; that is to read; that is to read; that is to read; that is to read; that is to read; that is to read; that is to
say, they mustsay, they mustsay, they mustsay, they mustsay, they mustsay, they mustsay, they mustsay, they must
use the information in those declarations touse the information in those declarations touse the information in those declarations touse the information in those declarations touse the information in those declarations touse the information in those declarations touse the information in those declarations touse the information in those declarations to
normalizenormalizenormalizenormalizenormalizenormalizenormalizenormalize attribute values, attribute values, attribute values, attribute values, attribute values, attribute values, attribute values, attribute values,
includeincludeincludeincludeincludeincludeincludeinclude the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of
internal entities, and supply internal entities, and supply internal entities, and supply internal entities, and supply internal entities, and supply internal entities, and supply internal entities, and supply internal entities, and supply
default attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute values........
They must not They must not They must not They must not They must not They must not They must not They must not processprocessprocessprocessprocessprocessprocessprocessentity declarationsentity declarationsentity declarationsentity declarationsentity declarationsentity declarationsentity declarationsentity declarations or or or or or or or or
attribute-list declarationsattribute-list declarationsattribute-list declarationsattribute-list declarationsattribute-list declarationsattribute-list declarationsattribute-list declarationsattribute-list declarations
encountered after a reference to a parameter entity that is notencountered after a reference to a parameter entity that is notencountered after a reference to a parameter entity that is notencountered after a reference to a parameter entity that is notencountered after a reference to a parameter entity that is notencountered after a reference to a parameter entity that is notencountered after a reference to a parameter entity that is notencountered after a reference to a parameter entity that is not
read, since the entity may have contained overriding declarations.read, since the entity may have contained overriding declarations.read, since the entity may have contained overriding declarations.read, since the entity may have contained overriding declarations.read, since the entity may have contained overriding declarations.read, since the entity may have contained overriding declarations.read, since the entity may have contained overriding declarations.read, since the entity may have contained overriding declarations.
Using XML ProcessorsUsing XML ProcessorsUsing XML ProcessorsUsing XML ProcessorsUsing XML ProcessorsUsing XML ProcessorsUsing XML ProcessorsUsing XML Processors
The behavior of a validating XML processor is highly predictable; itThe behavior of a validating XML processor is highly predictable; itThe behavior of a validating XML processor is highly predictable; itThe behavior of a validating XML processor is highly predictable; itThe behavior of a validating XML processor is highly predictable; itThe behavior of a validating XML processor is highly predictable; itThe behavior of a validating XML processor is highly predictable; itThe behavior of a validating XML processor is highly predictable; it
must read every piece of a document and report all well-formedness andmust read every piece of a document and report all well-formedness andmust read every piece of a document and report all well-formedness andmust read every piece of a document and report all well-formedness andmust read every piece of a document and report all well-formedness andmust read every piece of a document and report all well-formedness andmust read every piece of a document and report all well-formedness andmust read every piece of a document and report all well-formedness and
validity violations.validity violations.validity violations.validity violations.validity violations.validity violations.validity violations.validity violations.
Less is required of a non-validating processor; it need not read anyLess is required of a non-validating processor; it need not read anyLess is required of a non-validating processor; it need not read anyLess is required of a non-validating processor; it need not read anyLess is required of a non-validating processor; it need not read anyLess is required of a non-validating processor; it need not read anyLess is required of a non-validating processor; it need not read anyLess is required of a non-validating processor; it need not read any
part of the document other than the document entity.part of the document other than the document entity.part of the document other than the document entity.part of the document other than the document entity.part of the document other than the document entity.part of the document other than the document entity.part of the document other than the document entity.part of the document other than the document entity.
This has two effects that may be important to users of XML processors:This has two effects that may be important to users of XML processors:This has two effects that may be important to users of XML processors:This has two effects that may be important to users of XML processors:This has two effects that may be important to users of XML processors:This has two effects that may be important to users of XML processors:This has two effects that may be important to users of XML processors:This has two effects that may be important to users of XML processors:
Certain well-formedness errors, specifically those that requireCertain well-formedness errors, specifically those that requireCertain well-formedness errors, specifically those that requireCertain well-formedness errors, specifically those that requireCertain well-formedness errors, specifically those that requireCertain well-formedness errors, specifically those that requireCertain well-formedness errors, specifically those that requireCertain well-formedness errors, specifically those that require
reading external entities, may not be detected by a non-validating processor.reading external entities, may not be detected by a non-validating processor.reading external entities, may not be detected by a non-validating processor.reading external entities, may not be detected by a non-validating processor.reading external entities, may not be detected by a non-validating processor.reading external entities, may not be detected by a non-validating processor.reading external entities, may not be detected by a non-validating processor.reading external entities, may not be detected by a non-validating processor.
Examples include the constraints entitled Examples include the constraints entitled Examples include the constraints entitled Examples include the constraints entitled Examples include the constraints entitled Examples include the constraints entitled Examples include the constraints entitled Examples include the constraints entitled
Entity DeclaredEntity DeclaredEntity DeclaredEntity DeclaredEntity DeclaredEntity DeclaredEntity DeclaredEntity Declared, , , , , , , ,
Parsed EntityParsed EntityParsed EntityParsed EntityParsed EntityParsed EntityParsed EntityParsed Entity, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and
No RecursionNo RecursionNo RecursionNo RecursionNo RecursionNo RecursionNo RecursionNo Recursion, as well, as well, as well, as well, as well, as well, as well, as well
as some of the cases described asas some of the cases described asas some of the cases described asas some of the cases described asas some of the cases described asas some of the cases described asas some of the cases described asas some of the cases described as
forbiddenforbiddenforbiddenforbiddenforbiddenforbiddenforbiddenforbidden in in in in in in in in
........
The information passed from the processor to the application mayThe information passed from the processor to the application mayThe information passed from the processor to the application mayThe information passed from the processor to the application mayThe information passed from the processor to the application mayThe information passed from the processor to the application mayThe information passed from the processor to the application mayThe information passed from the processor to the application may
vary, depending on whether the processor readsvary, depending on whether the processor readsvary, depending on whether the processor readsvary, depending on whether the processor readsvary, depending on whether the processor readsvary, depending on whether the processor readsvary, depending on whether the processor readsvary, depending on whether the processor reads
parameter and external entities.parameter and external entities.parameter and external entities.parameter and external entities.parameter and external entities.parameter and external entities.parameter and external entities.parameter and external entities.
For example, a non-validating processor may not For example, a non-validating processor may not For example, a non-validating processor may not For example, a non-validating processor may not For example, a non-validating processor may not For example, a non-validating processor may not For example, a non-validating processor may not For example, a non-validating processor may not
normalizenormalizenormalizenormalizenormalizenormalizenormalizenormalize attribute values, attribute values, attribute values, attribute values, attribute values, attribute values, attribute values, attribute values,
includeincludeincludeincludeincludeincludeincludeinclude the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of the replacement text of
internal entities, or supply internal entities, or supply internal entities, or supply internal entities, or supply internal entities, or supply internal entities, or supply internal entities, or supply internal entities, or supply
default attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute valuesdefault attribute values,,,,,,,,
where doing so depends on having read declarations in where doing so depends on having read declarations in where doing so depends on having read declarations in where doing so depends on having read declarations in where doing so depends on having read declarations in where doing so depends on having read declarations in where doing so depends on having read declarations in where doing so depends on having read declarations in
external or parameter entities.external or parameter entities.external or parameter entities.external or parameter entities.external or parameter entities.external or parameter entities.external or parameter entities.external or parameter entities.
For maximum reliability in interoperating between different XMLFor maximum reliability in interoperating between different XMLFor maximum reliability in interoperating between different XMLFor maximum reliability in interoperating between different XMLFor maximum reliability in interoperating between different XMLFor maximum reliability in interoperating between different XMLFor maximum reliability in interoperating between different XMLFor maximum reliability in interoperating between different XML
processors, applications which use non-validating processors should not processors, applications which use non-validating processors should not processors, applications which use non-validating processors should not processors, applications which use non-validating processors should not processors, applications which use non-validating processors should not processors, applications which use non-validating processors should not processors, applications which use non-validating processors should not processors, applications which use non-validating processors should not
rely on any behaviors not required of such processors.rely on any behaviors not required of such processors.rely on any behaviors not required of such processors.rely on any behaviors not required of such processors.rely on any behaviors not required of such processors.rely on any behaviors not required of such processors.rely on any behaviors not required of such processors.rely on any behaviors not required of such processors.
Applications which require facilities such as the use of defaultApplications which require facilities such as the use of defaultApplications which require facilities such as the use of defaultApplications which require facilities such as the use of defaultApplications which require facilities such as the use of defaultApplications which require facilities such as the use of defaultApplications which require facilities such as the use of defaultApplications which require facilities such as the use of default
attributes or internal entities which are declared in externalattributes or internal entities which are declared in externalattributes or internal entities which are declared in externalattributes or internal entities which are declared in externalattributes or internal entities which are declared in externalattributes or internal entities which are declared in externalattributes or internal entities which are declared in externalattributes or internal entities which are declared in external
entities should use validating XML processors.entities should use validating XML processors.entities should use validating XML processors.entities should use validating XML processors.entities should use validating XML processors.entities should use validating XML processors.entities should use validating XML processors.entities should use validating XML processors.
The formal grammar of XML is given in this specification using a simpleThe formal grammar of XML is given in this specification using a simpleThe formal grammar of XML is given in this specification using a simpleThe formal grammar of XML is given in this specification using a simpleThe formal grammar of XML is given in this specification using a simpleThe formal grammar of XML is given in this specification using a simpleThe formal grammar of XML is given in this specification using a simpleThe formal grammar of XML is given in this specification using a simple
Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Each rule in the grammar definesExtended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Each rule in the grammar definesExtended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Each rule in the grammar definesExtended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Each rule in the grammar definesExtended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Each rule in the grammar definesExtended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Each rule in the grammar definesExtended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Each rule in the grammar definesExtended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) notation. Each rule in the grammar defines
one symbol, in the formone symbol, in the formone symbol, in the formone symbol, in the formone symbol, in the formone symbol, in the formone symbol, in the formone symbol, in the form
symbol ::= expressionsymbol ::= expressionsymbol ::= expressionsymbol ::= expressionsymbol ::= expressionsymbol ::= expressionsymbol ::= expressionsymbol ::= expression
Symbols are written with an initial capital letter if they areSymbols are written with an initial capital letter if they areSymbols are written with an initial capital letter if they areSymbols are written with an initial capital letter if they areSymbols are written with an initial capital letter if they areSymbols are written with an initial capital letter if they areSymbols are written with an initial capital letter if they areSymbols are written with an initial capital letter if they are
defined by a regular expression, or with an initial lower case letter defined by a regular expression, or with an initial lower case letter defined by a regular expression, or with an initial lower case letter defined by a regular expression, or with an initial lower case letter defined by a regular expression, or with an initial lower case letter defined by a regular expression, or with an initial lower case letter defined by a regular expression, or with an initial lower case letter defined by a regular expression, or with an initial lower case letter
otherwise.otherwise.otherwise.otherwise.otherwise.otherwise.otherwise.otherwise.
Literal strings are quoted.Literal strings are quoted.Literal strings are quoted.Literal strings are quoted.Literal strings are quoted.Literal strings are quoted.Literal strings are quoted.Literal strings are quoted.
Within the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the followingWithin the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the followingWithin the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the followingWithin the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the followingWithin the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the followingWithin the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the followingWithin the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the followingWithin the expression on the right-hand side of a rule, the following
expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:expressions are used to match strings of one or more characters:
where where where where where where where where NNNNNNNN is a hexadecimal integer, the is a hexadecimal integer, the is a hexadecimal integer, the is a hexadecimal integer, the is a hexadecimal integer, the is a hexadecimal integer, the is a hexadecimal integer, the is a hexadecimal integer, the
expression matches the character in ISO/IEC 10646 whose canonicalexpression matches the character in ISO/IEC 10646 whose canonicalexpression matches the character in ISO/IEC 10646 whose canonicalexpression matches the character in ISO/IEC 10646 whose canonicalexpression matches the character in ISO/IEC 10646 whose canonicalexpression matches the character in ISO/IEC 10646 whose canonicalexpression matches the character in ISO/IEC 10646 whose canonicalexpression matches the character in ISO/IEC 10646 whose canonical
(UCS-4) (UCS-4) (UCS-4) (UCS-4) (UCS-4) (UCS-4) (UCS-4) (UCS-4)
code value, when interpreted as an unsigned binary number, hascode value, when interpreted as an unsigned binary number, hascode value, when interpreted as an unsigned binary number, hascode value, when interpreted as an unsigned binary number, hascode value, when interpreted as an unsigned binary number, hascode value, when interpreted as an unsigned binary number, hascode value, when interpreted as an unsigned binary number, hascode value, when interpreted as an unsigned binary number, has
the value indicated. The number of leading zeros in thethe value indicated. The number of leading zeros in thethe value indicated. The number of leading zeros in thethe value indicated. The number of leading zeros in thethe value indicated. The number of leading zeros in thethe value indicated. The number of leading zeros in thethe value indicated. The number of leading zeros in thethe value indicated. The number of leading zeros in the
#xN#xN#xN#xN#xN#xN#xN#xN form is insignificant; the number of leading form is insignificant; the number of leading form is insignificant; the number of leading form is insignificant; the number of leading form is insignificant; the number of leading form is insignificant; the number of leading form is insignificant; the number of leading form is insignificant; the number of leading
zeros in the corresponding code value zeros in the corresponding code value zeros in the corresponding code value zeros in the corresponding code value zeros in the corresponding code value zeros in the corresponding code value zeros in the corresponding code value zeros in the corresponding code value
is governed by the characteris governed by the characteris governed by the characteris governed by the characteris governed by the characteris governed by the characteris governed by the characteris governed by the character
encoding in use and is not significant for XML.encoding in use and is not significant for XML.encoding in use and is not significant for XML.encoding in use and is not significant for XML.encoding in use and is not significant for XML.encoding in use and is not significant for XML.encoding in use and is not significant for XML.encoding in use and is not significant for XML.
matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any charactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharacter
with a value in the range(s) indicated (inclusive).with a value in the range(s) indicated (inclusive).with a value in the range(s) indicated (inclusive).with a value in the range(s) indicated (inclusive).with a value in the range(s) indicated (inclusive).with a value in the range(s) indicated (inclusive).with a value in the range(s) indicated (inclusive).with a value in the range(s) indicated (inclusive).
matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any charactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharacter
with a value with a value with a value with a value with a value with a value with a value with a value outsideoutsideoutsideoutsideoutsideoutsideoutsideoutside the the the the the the the the
range indicated.range indicated.range indicated.range indicated.range indicated.range indicated.range indicated.range indicated.
matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any matches any charactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharacter
with a value not among the characters given.with a value not among the characters given.with a value not among the characters given.with a value not among the characters given.with a value not among the characters given.with a value not among the characters given.with a value not among the characters given.with a value not among the characters given.
matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matchingmatchingmatchingmatchingmatchingmatchingmatchingmatching
that given inside the double quotes.that given inside the double quotes.that given inside the double quotes.that given inside the double quotes.that given inside the double quotes.that given inside the double quotes.that given inside the double quotes.that given inside the double quotes.
matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matches a literal string matchingmatchingmatchingmatchingmatchingmatchingmatchingmatching
that given inside the single quotes.that given inside the single quotes.that given inside the single quotes.that given inside the single quotes.that given inside the single quotes.that given inside the single quotes.that given inside the single quotes.that given inside the single quotes.
These symbols may be combined to match more complex patternThese symbols may be combined to match more complex patternThese symbols may be combined to match more complex patternThese symbols may be combined to match more complex patternThese symbols may be combined to match more complex patternThese symbols may be combined to match more complex patternThese symbols may be combined to match more complex patternThese symbols may be combined to match more complex patterns as follows,s as follows,s as follows,s as follows,s as follows,s as follows,s as follows,s as follows,
where where where where where where where where AAAAAAAA and and and and and and and and BBBBBBBB represent simple expressions: represent simple expressions: represent simple expressions: represent simple expressions: represent simple expressions: represent simple expressions: represent simple expressions: represent simple expressions:
expressionexpressionexpressionexpressionexpressionexpressionexpressionexpression is treated as a unit is treated as a unit is treated as a unit is treated as a unit is treated as a unit is treated as a unit is treated as a unit is treated as a unit
and may be combined as described in this list.and may be combined as described in this list.and may be combined as described in this list.and may be combined as described in this list.and may be combined as described in this list.and may be combined as described in this list.and may be combined as described in this list.and may be combined as described in this list.
matches matches matches matches matches matches matches matches AAAAAAAA or nothing; optional or nothing; optional or nothing; optional or nothing; optional or nothing; optional or nothing; optional or nothing; optional or nothing; optional AAAAAAAA........
matches matches matches matches matches matches matches matches AAAAAAAA followed by followed by followed by followed by followed by followed by followed by followed by BBBBBBBB........
matches matches matches matches matches matches matches matches AAAAAAAA or or or or or or or or BBBBBBBB but not both. but not both. but not both. but not both. but not both. but not both. but not both. but not both.
matches any string that matches matches any string that matches matches any string that matches matches any string that matches matches any string that matches matches any string that matches matches any string that matches matches any string that matches AAAAAAAA but does not match but does not match but does not match but does not match but does not match but does not match but does not match but does not match
BBBBBBBB........
matches one or more occurrences of matches one or more occurrences of matches one or more occurrences of matches one or more occurrences of matches one or more occurrences of matches one or more occurrences of matches one or more occurrences of matches one or more occurrences of AAAAAAAA........
matches zero or more occurrences of matches zero or more occurrences of matches zero or more occurrences of matches zero or more occurrences of matches zero or more occurrences of matches zero or more occurrences of matches zero or more occurrences of matches zero or more occurrences of AAAAAAAA........
Other notations used in the productions are:Other notations used in the productions are:Other notations used in the productions are:Other notations used in the productions are:Other notations used in the productions are:Other notations used in the productions are:Other notations used in the productions are:Other notations used in the productions are:
well-formedness constraint; this identifies by name a well-formedness constraint; this identifies by name a well-formedness constraint; this identifies by name a well-formedness constraint; this identifies by name a well-formedness constraint; this identifies by name a well-formedness constraint; this identifies by name a well-formedness constraint; this identifies by name a well-formedness constraint; this identifies by name a
constraint on constraint on constraint on constraint on constraint on constraint on constraint on constraint on
well-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formed documents documents documents documents documents documents documents documents
associated with a production.associated with a production.associated with a production.associated with a production.associated with a production.associated with a production.associated with a production.associated with a production.
validity constraint; this identifies by name a constraint onvalidity constraint; this identifies by name a constraint onvalidity constraint; this identifies by name a constraint onvalidity constraint; this identifies by name a constraint onvalidity constraint; this identifies by name a constraint onvalidity constraint; this identifies by name a constraint onvalidity constraint; this identifies by name a constraint onvalidity constraint; this identifies by name a constraint on
validvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalid documents associated with documents associated with documents associated with documents associated with documents associated with documents associated with documents associated with documents associated with
a production.a production.a production.a production.a production.a production.a production.a production.
ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences
Normative ReferencesNormative ReferencesNormative ReferencesNormative ReferencesNormative ReferencesNormative ReferencesNormative ReferencesNormative References
(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Official Names for Official Names for Official Names for Official Names for Official Names for Official Names for Official Names for Official Names for
Character SetsCharacter SetsCharacter SetsCharacter SetsCharacter SetsCharacter SetsCharacter SetsCharacter Sets,,,,,,,,
ed. Keld Simonsen et al.ed. Keld Simonsen et al.ed. Keld Simonsen et al.ed. Keld Simonsen et al.ed. Keld Simonsen et al.ed. Keld Simonsen et al.ed. Keld Simonsen et al.ed. Keld Simonsen et al.
See See See See See See See See ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-setsftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-setsftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-setsftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-setsftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-setsftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-setsftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-setsftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets........
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).
RFC 1766: Tags for the Identification of LanguagesRFC 1766: Tags for the Identification of LanguagesRFC 1766: Tags for the Identification of LanguagesRFC 1766: Tags for the Identification of LanguagesRFC 1766: Tags for the Identification of LanguagesRFC 1766: Tags for the Identification of LanguagesRFC 1766: Tags for the Identification of LanguagesRFC 1766: Tags for the Identification of Languages,,,,,,,,
ed. H. Alvestrand.ed. H. Alvestrand.ed. H. Alvestrand.ed. H. Alvestrand.ed. H. Alvestrand.ed. H. Alvestrand.ed. H. Alvestrand.ed. H. Alvestrand.
1995.1995.1995.1995.1995.1995.1995.1995.
(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).
ISO 639:1988 (E).ISO 639:1988 (E).ISO 639:1988 (E).ISO 639:1988 (E).ISO 639:1988 (E).ISO 639:1988 (E).ISO 639:1988 (E).ISO 639:1988 (E).
Code for the representation of names of languages.Code for the representation of names of languages.Code for the representation of names of languages.Code for the representation of names of languages.Code for the representation of names of languages.Code for the representation of names of languages.Code for the representation of names of languages.Code for the representation of names of languages.
[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for
Standardization, 1988.Standardization, 1988.Standardization, 1988.Standardization, 1988.Standardization, 1988.Standardization, 1988.Standardization, 1988.Standardization, 1988.
(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).
ISO 3166-1:1997 (E).ISO 3166-1:1997 (E).ISO 3166-1:1997 (E).ISO 3166-1:1997 (E).ISO 3166-1:1997 (E).ISO 3166-1:1997 (E).ISO 3166-1:1997 (E).ISO 3166-1:1997 (E).
Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions
---------------- Part 1: Country codes Part 1: Country codes Part 1: Country codes Part 1: Country codes Part 1: Country codes Part 1: Country codes Part 1: Country codes Part 1: Country codes
[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for
Standardization, 1997.Standardization, 1997.Standardization, 1997.Standardization, 1997.Standardization, 1997.Standardization, 1997.Standardization, 1997.Standardization, 1997.ISOISOISOISOISOISOISOISO
(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).
ISO/IEC 10646-1993 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10646-1993 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10646-1993 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10646-1993 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10646-1993 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10646-1993 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10646-1993 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10646-1993 (E). Information technology ---------------- Universal Universal Universal Universal Universal Universal Universal Universal
Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) ---------------- Part 1: Part 1: Part 1: Part 1: Part 1: Part 1: Part 1: Part 1:
Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.
[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for
Standardization, 1993 (plus amendments AM 1 through AM 7).Standardization, 1993 (plus amendments AM 1 through AM 7).Standardization, 1993 (plus amendments AM 1 through AM 7).Standardization, 1993 (plus amendments AM 1 through AM 7).Standardization, 1993 (plus amendments AM 1 through AM 7).Standardization, 1993 (plus amendments AM 1 through AM 7).Standardization, 1993 (plus amendments AM 1 through AM 7).Standardization, 1993 (plus amendments AM 1 through AM 7).
The Unicode Consortium.The Unicode Consortium.The Unicode Consortium.The Unicode Consortium.The Unicode Consortium.The Unicode Consortium.The Unicode Consortium.The Unicode Consortium.
The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0.The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0.The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0.The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0.The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0.The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0.The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0.The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0.
Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1996.Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1996.Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1996.Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1996.Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1996.Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1996.Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1996.Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1996.Other ReferencesOther ReferencesOther ReferencesOther ReferencesOther ReferencesOther ReferencesOther ReferencesOther References
Aho, Alfred V., Aho, Alfred V., Aho, Alfred V., Aho, Alfred V., Aho, Alfred V., Aho, Alfred V., Aho, Alfred V., Aho, Alfred V.,
Ravi Sethi, and Jeffrey D. Ullman.Ravi Sethi, and Jeffrey D. Ullman.Ravi Sethi, and Jeffrey D. Ullman.Ravi Sethi, and Jeffrey D. Ullman.Ravi Sethi, and Jeffrey D. Ullman.Ravi Sethi, and Jeffrey D. Ullman.Ravi Sethi, and Jeffrey D. Ullman.Ravi Sethi, and Jeffrey D. Ullman.
Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and ToolsCompilers: Principles, Techniques, and ToolsCompilers: Principles, Techniques, and ToolsCompilers: Principles, Techniques, and ToolsCompilers: Principles, Techniques, and ToolsCompilers: Principles, Techniques, and ToolsCompilers: Principles, Techniques, and ToolsCompilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools........
Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1986, rpt. corr. 1988.Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1986, rpt. corr. 1988.Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1986, rpt. corr. 1988.Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1986, rpt. corr. 1988.Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1986, rpt. corr. 1988.Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1986, rpt. corr. 1988.Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1986, rpt. corr. 1988.Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1986, rpt. corr. 1988.
Berners-Lee, T., R. Fielding, and L. Masinter.Berners-Lee, T., R. Fielding, and L. Masinter.Berners-Lee, T., R. Fielding, and L. Masinter.Berners-Lee, T., R. Fielding, and L. Masinter.Berners-Lee, T., R. Fielding, and L. Masinter.Berners-Lee, T., R. Fielding, and L. Masinter.Berners-Lee, T., R. Fielding, and L. Masinter.Berners-Lee, T., R. Fielding, and L. Masinter.
Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax andUniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax andUniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax andUniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax andUniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax andUniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax andUniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax andUniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax and
SemanticsSemanticsSemanticsSemanticsSemanticsSemanticsSemanticsSemantics........
1997.1997.1997.1997.1997.1997.1997.1997.
(Work in progress; see updates to RFC1738.)(Work in progress; see updates to RFC1738.)(Work in progress; see updates to RFC1738.)(Work in progress; see updates to RFC1738.)(Work in progress; see updates to RFC1738.)(Work in progress; see updates to RFC1738.)(Work in progress; see updates to RFC1738.)(Work in progress; see updates to RFC1738.)Brüggemann-Klein, Anne.Brüggemann-Klein, Anne.Brüggemann-Klein, Anne.Brüggemann-Klein, Anne.Brüggemann-Klein, Anne.Brüggemann-Klein, Anne.Brüggemann-Klein, Anne.Brüggemann-Klein, Anne.
Regular Expressions into Finite AutomataRegular Expressions into Finite AutomataRegular Expressions into Finite AutomataRegular Expressions into Finite AutomataRegular Expressions into Finite AutomataRegular Expressions into Finite AutomataRegular Expressions into Finite AutomataRegular Expressions into Finite Automata........
Extended abstract in I. Simon, Hrsg., LATIN 1992, Extended abstract in I. Simon, Hrsg., LATIN 1992, Extended abstract in I. Simon, Hrsg., LATIN 1992, Extended abstract in I. Simon, Hrsg., LATIN 1992, Extended abstract in I. Simon, Hrsg., LATIN 1992, Extended abstract in I. Simon, Hrsg., LATIN 1992, Extended abstract in I. Simon, Hrsg., LATIN 1992, Extended abstract in I. Simon, Hrsg., LATIN 1992,
S. 97-98. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992. S. 97-98. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992. S. 97-98. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992. S. 97-98. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992. S. 97-98. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992. S. 97-98. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992. S. 97-98. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992. S. 97-98. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1992.
Full Version in Theoretical Computer Science 120: 197-213, 1993.Full Version in Theoretical Computer Science 120: 197-213, 1993.Full Version in Theoretical Computer Science 120: 197-213, 1993.Full Version in Theoretical Computer Science 120: 197-213, 1993.Full Version in Theoretical Computer Science 120: 197-213, 1993.Full Version in Theoretical Computer Science 120: 197-213, 1993.Full Version in Theoretical Computer Science 120: 197-213, 1993.Full Version in Theoretical Computer Science 120: 197-213, 1993.
Brüggemann-Klein, Anne,Brüggemann-Klein, Anne,Brüggemann-Klein, Anne,Brüggemann-Klein, Anne,Brüggemann-Klein, Anne,Brüggemann-Klein, Anne,Brüggemann-Klein, Anne,Brüggemann-Klein, Anne,
and Derick Wood.and Derick Wood.and Derick Wood.and Derick Wood.and Derick Wood.and Derick Wood.and Derick Wood.and Derick Wood.
Deterministic Regular LanguagesDeterministic Regular LanguagesDeterministic Regular LanguagesDeterministic Regular LanguagesDeterministic Regular LanguagesDeterministic Regular LanguagesDeterministic Regular LanguagesDeterministic Regular Languages........
Universität Freiburg, Institut für Informatik,Universität Freiburg, Institut für Informatik,Universität Freiburg, Institut für Informatik,Universität Freiburg, Institut für Informatik,Universität Freiburg, Institut für Informatik,Universität Freiburg, Institut für Informatik,Universität Freiburg, Institut für Informatik,Universität Freiburg, Institut für Informatik,
Bericht 38, Oktober 1991.Bericht 38, Oktober 1991.Bericht 38, Oktober 1991.Bericht 38, Oktober 1991.Bericht 38, Oktober 1991.Bericht 38, Oktober 1991.Bericht 38, Oktober 1991.Bericht 38, Oktober 1991.
James Clark.James Clark.James Clark.James Clark.James Clark.James Clark.James Clark.James Clark.
Comparison of SGML and XML. SeeComparison of SGML and XML. SeeComparison of SGML and XML. SeeComparison of SGML and XML. SeeComparison of SGML and XML. SeeComparison of SGML and XML. SeeComparison of SGML and XML. SeeComparison of SGML and XML. See
http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-sgml-xml-971215http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-sgml-xml-971215http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-sgml-xml-971215http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-sgml-xml-971215http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-sgml-xml-971215http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-sgml-xml-971215http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-sgml-xml-971215http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-sgml-xml-971215........
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).
RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL), , , , , , , ,
ed. T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M. McCahill.ed. T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M. McCahill.ed. T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M. McCahill.ed. T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M. McCahill.ed. T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M. McCahill.ed. T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M. McCahill.ed. T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M. McCahill.ed. T. Berners-Lee, L. Masinter, M. McCahill.
1994.1994.1994.1994.1994.1994.1994.1994.
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).
RFC 1808: Relative Uniform Resource LocatorsRFC 1808: Relative Uniform Resource LocatorsRFC 1808: Relative Uniform Resource LocatorsRFC 1808: Relative Uniform Resource LocatorsRFC 1808: Relative Uniform Resource LocatorsRFC 1808: Relative Uniform Resource LocatorsRFC 1808: Relative Uniform Resource LocatorsRFC 1808: Relative Uniform Resource Locators, , , , , , , ,
ed. R. Fielding.ed. R. Fielding.ed. R. Fielding.ed. R. Fielding.ed. R. Fielding.ed. R. Fielding.ed. R. Fielding.ed. R. Fielding.
1995.1995.1995.1995.1995.1995.1995.1995.
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).
RFC 2141: URN SyntaxRFC 2141: URN SyntaxRFC 2141: URN SyntaxRFC 2141: URN SyntaxRFC 2141: URN SyntaxRFC 2141: URN SyntaxRFC 2141: URN SyntaxRFC 2141: URN Syntax, , , , , , , ,
ed. R. Moats.ed. R. Moats.ed. R. Moats.ed. R. Moats.ed. R. Moats.ed. R. Moats.ed. R. Moats.ed. R. Moats.
1997.1997.1997.1997.1997.1997.1997.1997.
ISOISOISOISOISOISOISOISO
(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).
ISO 8879:1986(E). Information processing ISO 8879:1986(E). Information processing ISO 8879:1986(E). Information processing ISO 8879:1986(E). Information processing ISO 8879:1986(E). Information processing ISO 8879:1986(E). Information processing ISO 8879:1986(E). Information processing ISO 8879:1986(E). Information processing ---------------- Text and Office Text and Office Text and Office Text and Office Text and Office Text and Office Text and Office Text and Office
Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems ---------------- Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML). First First First First First First First First
edition edition edition edition edition edition edition edition ---------------- 1986-10-15. [Geneva]: International Organization for 1986-10-15. [Geneva]: International Organization for 1986-10-15. [Geneva]: International Organization for 1986-10-15. [Geneva]: International Organization for 1986-10-15. [Geneva]: International Organization for 1986-10-15. [Geneva]: International Organization for 1986-10-15. [Geneva]: International Organization for 1986-10-15. [Geneva]: International Organization for
Standardization, 1986.Standardization, 1986.Standardization, 1986.Standardization, 1986.Standardization, 1986.Standardization, 1986.Standardization, 1986.Standardization, 1986.
ISOISOISOISOISOISOISOISO
(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).(International Organization for Standardization).
ISO/IEC 10744-1992 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10744-1992 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10744-1992 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10744-1992 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10744-1992 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10744-1992 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10744-1992 (E). Information technology ISO/IEC 10744-1992 (E). Information technology ----------------
Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime).Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime).Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime).Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime).Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime).Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime).Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime).Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime).
[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for
Standardization, 1992.Standardization, 1992.Standardization, 1992.Standardization, 1992.Standardization, 1992.Standardization, 1992.Standardization, 1992.Standardization, 1992.
Extended Facilities Annexe.Extended Facilities Annexe.Extended Facilities Annexe.Extended Facilities Annexe.Extended Facilities Annexe.Extended Facilities Annexe.Extended Facilities Annexe.Extended Facilities Annexe.
[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for[Geneva]: International Organization for
Standardization, 1996. Standardization, 1996. Standardization, 1996. Standardization, 1996. Standardization, 1996. Standardization, 1996. Standardization, 1996. Standardization, 1996.
Character ClassesCharacter ClassesCharacter ClassesCharacter ClassesCharacter ClassesCharacter ClassesCharacter ClassesCharacter Classes
Following the characteristics defined in the Unicode standard,Following the characteristics defined in the Unicode standard,Following the characteristics defined in the Unicode standard,Following the characteristics defined in the Unicode standard,Following the characteristics defined in the Unicode standard,Following the characteristics defined in the Unicode standard,Following the characteristics defined in the Unicode standard,Following the characteristics defined in the Unicode standard,
characters are classed as base characters (among others, thesecharacters are classed as base characters (among others, thesecharacters are classed as base characters (among others, thesecharacters are classed as base characters (among others, thesecharacters are classed as base characters (among others, thesecharacters are classed as base characters (among others, thesecharacters are classed as base characters (among others, thesecharacters are classed as base characters (among others, these
contain the alphabetic characters of the Latin alphabet, withoutcontain the alphabetic characters of the Latin alphabet, withoutcontain the alphabetic characters of the Latin alphabet, withoutcontain the alphabetic characters of the Latin alphabet, withoutcontain the alphabetic characters of the Latin alphabet, withoutcontain the alphabetic characters of the Latin alphabet, withoutcontain the alphabetic characters of the Latin alphabet, withoutcontain the alphabetic characters of the Latin alphabet, without
diacritics), ideographic characters, and combining characters (amongdiacritics), ideographic characters, and combining characters (amongdiacritics), ideographic characters, and combining characters (amongdiacritics), ideographic characters, and combining characters (amongdiacritics), ideographic characters, and combining characters (amongdiacritics), ideographic characters, and combining characters (amongdiacritics), ideographic characters, and combining characters (amongdiacritics), ideographic characters, and combining characters (among
others, this class contains most diacritics); these classes combineothers, this class contains most diacritics); these classes combineothers, this class contains most diacritics); these classes combineothers, this class contains most diacritics); these classes combineothers, this class contains most diacritics); these classes combineothers, this class contains most diacritics); these classes combineothers, this class contains most diacritics); these classes combineothers, this class contains most diacritics); these classes combine
to form the class of letters. Digits and extenders areto form the class of letters. Digits and extenders areto form the class of letters. Digits and extenders areto form the class of letters. Digits and extenders areto form the class of letters. Digits and extenders areto form the class of letters. Digits and extenders areto form the class of letters. Digits and extenders areto form the class of letters. Digits and extenders are
also distinguished.also distinguished.also distinguished.also distinguished.also distinguished.also distinguished.also distinguished.also distinguished.
CharactersCharactersCharactersCharactersCharactersCharactersCharactersCharacters
LetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterBaseCharBaseCharBaseCharBaseCharBaseCharBaseCharBaseCharBaseChar
| | | | | | | | IdeographicIdeographicIdeographicIdeographicIdeographicIdeographicIdeographicIdeographicBaseCharBaseCharBaseCharBaseCharBaseCharBaseCharBaseCharBaseChar[#x0041-#x005A][#x0041-#x005A][#x0041-#x005A][#x0041-#x005A][#x0041-#x005A][#x0041-#x005A][#x0041-#x005A][#x0041-#x005A]
|||||||| [#x0061-#x007A][#x0061-#x007A][#x0061-#x007A][#x0061-#x007A][#x0061-#x007A][#x0061-#x007A][#x0061-#x007A][#x0061-#x007A]
|||||||| [#x00C0-#x00D6][#x00C0-#x00D6][#x00C0-#x00D6][#x00C0-#x00D6][#x00C0-#x00D6][#x00C0-#x00D6][#x00C0-#x00D6][#x00C0-#x00D6]
|||||||| [#x00D8-#x00F6][#x00D8-#x00F6][#x00D8-#x00F6][#x00D8-#x00F6][#x00D8-#x00F6][#x00D8-#x00F6][#x00D8-#x00F6][#x00D8-#x00F6]
|||||||| [#x00F8-#x00FF][#x00F8-#x00FF][#x00F8-#x00FF][#x00F8-#x00FF][#x00F8-#x00FF][#x00F8-#x00FF][#x00F8-#x00FF][#x00F8-#x00FF]
|||||||| [#x0100-#x0131][#x0100-#x0131][#x0100-#x0131][#x0100-#x0131][#x0100-#x0131][#x0100-#x0131][#x0100-#x0131][#x0100-#x0131]
|||||||| [#x0134-#x013E][#x0134-#x013E][#x0134-#x013E][#x0134-#x013E][#x0134-#x013E][#x0134-#x013E][#x0134-#x013E][#x0134-#x013E]
|||||||| [#x0141-#x0148][#x0141-#x0148][#x0141-#x0148][#x0141-#x0148][#x0141-#x0148][#x0141-#x0148][#x0141-#x0148][#x0141-#x0148]
|||||||| [#x014A-#x017E][#x014A-#x017E][#x014A-#x017E][#x014A-#x017E][#x014A-#x017E][#x014A-#x017E][#x014A-#x017E][#x014A-#x017E]
|||||||| [#x0180-#x01C3][#x0180-#x01C3][#x0180-#x01C3][#x0180-#x01C3][#x0180-#x01C3][#x0180-#x01C3][#x0180-#x01C3][#x0180-#x01C3]
|||||||| [#x01CD-#x01F0][#x01CD-#x01F0][#x01CD-#x01F0][#x01CD-#x01F0][#x01CD-#x01F0][#x01CD-#x01F0][#x01CD-#x01F0][#x01CD-#x01F0]
|||||||| [#x01F4-#x01F5][#x01F4-#x01F5][#x01F4-#x01F5][#x01F4-#x01F5][#x01F4-#x01F5][#x01F4-#x01F5][#x01F4-#x01F5][#x01F4-#x01F5]
|||||||| [#x01FA-#x0217][#x01FA-#x0217][#x01FA-#x0217][#x01FA-#x0217][#x01FA-#x0217][#x01FA-#x0217][#x01FA-#x0217][#x01FA-#x0217]
|||||||| [#x0250-#x02A8][#x0250-#x02A8][#x0250-#x02A8][#x0250-#x02A8][#x0250-#x02A8][#x0250-#x02A8][#x0250-#x02A8][#x0250-#x02A8]
|||||||| [#x02BB-#x02C1][#x02BB-#x02C1][#x02BB-#x02C1][#x02BB-#x02C1][#x02BB-#x02C1][#x02BB-#x02C1][#x02BB-#x02C1][#x02BB-#x02C1]
|||||||| #x0386#x0386#x0386#x0386#x0386#x0386#x0386#x0386
|||||||| [#x0388-#x038A][#x0388-#x038A][#x0388-#x038A][#x0388-#x038A][#x0388-#x038A][#x0388-#x038A][#x0388-#x038A][#x0388-#x038A]
|||||||| #x038C#x038C#x038C#x038C#x038C#x038C#x038C#x038C
|||||||| [#x038E-#x03A1][#x038E-#x03A1][#x038E-#x03A1][#x038E-#x03A1][#x038E-#x03A1][#x038E-#x03A1][#x038E-#x03A1][#x038E-#x03A1]
|||||||| [#x03A3-#x03CE][#x03A3-#x03CE][#x03A3-#x03CE][#x03A3-#x03CE][#x03A3-#x03CE][#x03A3-#x03CE][#x03A3-#x03CE][#x03A3-#x03CE]
|||||||| [#x03D0-#x03D6][#x03D0-#x03D6][#x03D0-#x03D6][#x03D0-#x03D6][#x03D0-#x03D6][#x03D0-#x03D6][#x03D0-#x03D6][#x03D0-#x03D6]
|||||||| #x03DA#x03DA#x03DA#x03DA#x03DA#x03DA#x03DA#x03DA
|||||||| #x03DC#x03DC#x03DC#x03DC#x03DC#x03DC#x03DC#x03DC
|||||||| #x03DE#x03DE#x03DE#x03DE#x03DE#x03DE#x03DE#x03DE
|||||||| #x03E0#x03E0#x03E0#x03E0#x03E0#x03E0#x03E0#x03E0
|||||||| [#x03E2-#x03F3][#x03E2-#x03F3][#x03E2-#x03F3][#x03E2-#x03F3][#x03E2-#x03F3][#x03E2-#x03F3][#x03E2-#x03F3][#x03E2-#x03F3]
|||||||| [#x0401-#x040C][#x0401-#x040C][#x0401-#x040C][#x0401-#x040C][#x0401-#x040C][#x0401-#x040C][#x0401-#x040C][#x0401-#x040C]
|||||||| [#x040E-#x044F][#x040E-#x044F][#x040E-#x044F][#x040E-#x044F][#x040E-#x044F][#x040E-#x044F][#x040E-#x044F][#x040E-#x044F]
|||||||| [#x0451-#x045C][#x0451-#x045C][#x0451-#x045C][#x0451-#x045C][#x0451-#x045C][#x0451-#x045C][#x0451-#x045C][#x0451-#x045C]
|||||||| [#x045E-#x0481][#x045E-#x0481][#x045E-#x0481][#x045E-#x0481][#x045E-#x0481][#x045E-#x0481][#x045E-#x0481][#x045E-#x0481]
|||||||| [#x0490-#x04C4][#x0490-#x04C4][#x0490-#x04C4][#x0490-#x04C4][#x0490-#x04C4][#x0490-#x04C4][#x0490-#x04C4][#x0490-#x04C4]
|||||||| [#x04C7-#x04C8][#x04C7-#x04C8][#x04C7-#x04C8][#x04C7-#x04C8][#x04C7-#x04C8][#x04C7-#x04C8][#x04C7-#x04C8][#x04C7-#x04C8]
|||||||| [#x04CB-#x04CC][#x04CB-#x04CC][#x04CB-#x04CC][#x04CB-#x04CC][#x04CB-#x04CC][#x04CB-#x04CC][#x04CB-#x04CC][#x04CB-#x04CC]
|||||||| [#x04D0-#x04EB][#x04D0-#x04EB][#x04D0-#x04EB][#x04D0-#x04EB][#x04D0-#x04EB][#x04D0-#x04EB][#x04D0-#x04EB][#x04D0-#x04EB]
|||||||| [#x04EE-#x04F5][#x04EE-#x04F5][#x04EE-#x04F5][#x04EE-#x04F5][#x04EE-#x04F5][#x04EE-#x04F5][#x04EE-#x04F5][#x04EE-#x04F5]
|||||||| [#x04F8-#x04F9][#x04F8-#x04F9][#x04F8-#x04F9][#x04F8-#x04F9][#x04F8-#x04F9][#x04F8-#x04F9][#x04F8-#x04F9][#x04F8-#x04F9]
|||||||| [#x0531-#x0556][#x0531-#x0556][#x0531-#x0556][#x0531-#x0556][#x0531-#x0556][#x0531-#x0556][#x0531-#x0556][#x0531-#x0556]
|||||||| #x0559#x0559#x0559#x0559#x0559#x0559#x0559#x0559
|||||||| [#x0561-#x0586][#x0561-#x0586][#x0561-#x0586][#x0561-#x0586][#x0561-#x0586][#x0561-#x0586][#x0561-#x0586][#x0561-#x0586]
|||||||| [#x05D0-#x05EA][#x05D0-#x05EA][#x05D0-#x05EA][#x05D0-#x05EA][#x05D0-#x05EA][#x05D0-#x05EA][#x05D0-#x05EA][#x05D0-#x05EA]
|||||||| [#x05F0-#x05F2][#x05F0-#x05F2][#x05F0-#x05F2][#x05F0-#x05F2][#x05F0-#x05F2][#x05F0-#x05F2][#x05F0-#x05F2][#x05F0-#x05F2]
|||||||| [#x0621-#x063A][#x0621-#x063A][#x0621-#x063A][#x0621-#x063A][#x0621-#x063A][#x0621-#x063A][#x0621-#x063A][#x0621-#x063A]
|||||||| [#x0641-#x064A][#x0641-#x064A][#x0641-#x064A][#x0641-#x064A][#x0641-#x064A][#x0641-#x064A][#x0641-#x064A][#x0641-#x064A]
|||||||| [#x0671-#x06B7][#x0671-#x06B7][#x0671-#x06B7][#x0671-#x06B7][#x0671-#x06B7][#x0671-#x06B7][#x0671-#x06B7][#x0671-#x06B7]
|||||||| [#x06BA-#x06BE][#x06BA-#x06BE][#x06BA-#x06BE][#x06BA-#x06BE][#x06BA-#x06BE][#x06BA-#x06BE][#x06BA-#x06BE][#x06BA-#x06BE]
|||||||| [#x06C0-#x06CE][#x06C0-#x06CE][#x06C0-#x06CE][#x06C0-#x06CE][#x06C0-#x06CE][#x06C0-#x06CE][#x06C0-#x06CE][#x06C0-#x06CE]
|||||||| [#x06D0-#x06D3][#x06D0-#x06D3][#x06D0-#x06D3][#x06D0-#x06D3][#x06D0-#x06D3][#x06D0-#x06D3][#x06D0-#x06D3][#x06D0-#x06D3]
|||||||| #x06D5#x06D5#x06D5#x06D5#x06D5#x06D5#x06D5#x06D5
|||||||| [#x06E5-#x06E6][#x06E5-#x06E6][#x06E5-#x06E6][#x06E5-#x06E6][#x06E5-#x06E6][#x06E5-#x06E6][#x06E5-#x06E6][#x06E5-#x06E6]
|||||||| [#x0905-#x0939][#x0905-#x0939][#x0905-#x0939][#x0905-#x0939][#x0905-#x0939][#x0905-#x0939][#x0905-#x0939][#x0905-#x0939]
|||||||| #x093D#x093D#x093D#x093D#x093D#x093D#x093D#x093D
|||||||| [#x0958-#x0961][#x0958-#x0961][#x0958-#x0961][#x0958-#x0961][#x0958-#x0961][#x0958-#x0961][#x0958-#x0961][#x0958-#x0961]
|||||||| [#x0985-#x098C][#x0985-#x098C][#x0985-#x098C][#x0985-#x098C][#x0985-#x098C][#x0985-#x098C][#x0985-#x098C][#x0985-#x098C]
|||||||| [#x098F-#x0990][#x098F-#x0990][#x098F-#x0990][#x098F-#x0990][#x098F-#x0990][#x098F-#x0990][#x098F-#x0990][#x098F-#x0990]
|||||||| [#x0993-#x09A8][#x0993-#x09A8][#x0993-#x09A8][#x0993-#x09A8][#x0993-#x09A8][#x0993-#x09A8][#x0993-#x09A8][#x0993-#x09A8]
|||||||| [#x09AA-#x09B0][#x09AA-#x09B0][#x09AA-#x09B0][#x09AA-#x09B0][#x09AA-#x09B0][#x09AA-#x09B0][#x09AA-#x09B0][#x09AA-#x09B0]
|||||||| #x09B2#x09B2#x09B2#x09B2#x09B2#x09B2#x09B2#x09B2
|||||||| [#x09B6-#x09B9][#x09B6-#x09B9][#x09B6-#x09B9][#x09B6-#x09B9][#x09B6-#x09B9][#x09B6-#x09B9][#x09B6-#x09B9][#x09B6-#x09B9]
|||||||| [#x09DC-#x09DD][#x09DC-#x09DD][#x09DC-#x09DD][#x09DC-#x09DD][#x09DC-#x09DD][#x09DC-#x09DD][#x09DC-#x09DD][#x09DC-#x09DD]
|||||||| [#x09DF-#x09E1][#x09DF-#x09E1][#x09DF-#x09E1][#x09DF-#x09E1][#x09DF-#x09E1][#x09DF-#x09E1][#x09DF-#x09E1][#x09DF-#x09E1]
|||||||| [#x09F0-#x09F1][#x09F0-#x09F1][#x09F0-#x09F1][#x09F0-#x09F1][#x09F0-#x09F1][#x09F0-#x09F1][#x09F0-#x09F1][#x09F0-#x09F1]
|||||||| [#x0A05-#x0A0A][#x0A05-#x0A0A][#x0A05-#x0A0A][#x0A05-#x0A0A][#x0A05-#x0A0A][#x0A05-#x0A0A][#x0A05-#x0A0A][#x0A05-#x0A0A]
|||||||| [#x0A0F-#x0A10][#x0A0F-#x0A10][#x0A0F-#x0A10][#x0A0F-#x0A10][#x0A0F-#x0A10][#x0A0F-#x0A10][#x0A0F-#x0A10][#x0A0F-#x0A10]
|||||||| [#x0A13-#x0A28][#x0A13-#x0A28][#x0A13-#x0A28][#x0A13-#x0A28][#x0A13-#x0A28][#x0A13-#x0A28][#x0A13-#x0A28][#x0A13-#x0A28]
|||||||| [#x0A2A-#x0A30][#x0A2A-#x0A30][#x0A2A-#x0A30][#x0A2A-#x0A30][#x0A2A-#x0A30][#x0A2A-#x0A30][#x0A2A-#x0A30][#x0A2A-#x0A30]
|||||||| [#x0A32-#x0A33][#x0A32-#x0A33][#x0A32-#x0A33][#x0A32-#x0A33][#x0A32-#x0A33][#x0A32-#x0A33][#x0A32-#x0A33][#x0A32-#x0A33]
|||||||| [#x0A35-#x0A36][#x0A35-#x0A36][#x0A35-#x0A36][#x0A35-#x0A36][#x0A35-#x0A36][#x0A35-#x0A36][#x0A35-#x0A36][#x0A35-#x0A36]
|||||||| [#x0A38-#x0A39][#x0A38-#x0A39][#x0A38-#x0A39][#x0A38-#x0A39][#x0A38-#x0A39][#x0A38-#x0A39][#x0A38-#x0A39][#x0A38-#x0A39]
|||||||| [#x0A59-#x0A5C][#x0A59-#x0A5C][#x0A59-#x0A5C][#x0A59-#x0A5C][#x0A59-#x0A5C][#x0A59-#x0A5C][#x0A59-#x0A5C][#x0A59-#x0A5C]
|||||||| #x0A5E#x0A5E#x0A5E#x0A5E#x0A5E#x0A5E#x0A5E#x0A5E
|||||||| [#x0A72-#x0A74][#x0A72-#x0A74][#x0A72-#x0A74][#x0A72-#x0A74][#x0A72-#x0A74][#x0A72-#x0A74][#x0A72-#x0A74][#x0A72-#x0A74]
|||||||| [#x0A85-#x0A8B][#x0A85-#x0A8B][#x0A85-#x0A8B][#x0A85-#x0A8B][#x0A85-#x0A8B][#x0A85-#x0A8B][#x0A85-#x0A8B][#x0A85-#x0A8B]
|||||||| #x0A8D#x0A8D#x0A8D#x0A8D#x0A8D#x0A8D#x0A8D#x0A8D
|||||||| [#x0A8F-#x0A91][#x0A8F-#x0A91][#x0A8F-#x0A91][#x0A8F-#x0A91][#x0A8F-#x0A91][#x0A8F-#x0A91][#x0A8F-#x0A91][#x0A8F-#x0A91]
|||||||| [#x0A93-#x0AA8][#x0A93-#x0AA8][#x0A93-#x0AA8][#x0A93-#x0AA8][#x0A93-#x0AA8][#x0A93-#x0AA8][#x0A93-#x0AA8][#x0A93-#x0AA8]
|||||||| [#x0AAA-#x0AB0][#x0AAA-#x0AB0][#x0AAA-#x0AB0][#x0AAA-#x0AB0][#x0AAA-#x0AB0][#x0AAA-#x0AB0][#x0AAA-#x0AB0][#x0AAA-#x0AB0]
|||||||| [#x0AB2-#x0AB3][#x0AB2-#x0AB3][#x0AB2-#x0AB3][#x0AB2-#x0AB3][#x0AB2-#x0AB3][#x0AB2-#x0AB3][#x0AB2-#x0AB3][#x0AB2-#x0AB3]
|||||||| [#x0AB5-#x0AB9][#x0AB5-#x0AB9][#x0AB5-#x0AB9][#x0AB5-#x0AB9][#x0AB5-#x0AB9][#x0AB5-#x0AB9][#x0AB5-#x0AB9][#x0AB5-#x0AB9]
|||||||| #x0ABD#x0ABD#x0ABD#x0ABD#x0ABD#x0ABD#x0ABD#x0ABD
|||||||| #x0AE0#x0AE0#x0AE0#x0AE0#x0AE0#x0AE0#x0AE0#x0AE0
|||||||| [#x0B05-#x0B0C][#x0B05-#x0B0C][#x0B05-#x0B0C][#x0B05-#x0B0C][#x0B05-#x0B0C][#x0B05-#x0B0C][#x0B05-#x0B0C][#x0B05-#x0B0C]
|||||||| [#x0B0F-#x0B10][#x0B0F-#x0B10][#x0B0F-#x0B10][#x0B0F-#x0B10][#x0B0F-#x0B10][#x0B0F-#x0B10][#x0B0F-#x0B10][#x0B0F-#x0B10]
|||||||| [#x0B13-#x0B28][#x0B13-#x0B28][#x0B13-#x0B28][#x0B13-#x0B28][#x0B13-#x0B28][#x0B13-#x0B28][#x0B13-#x0B28][#x0B13-#x0B28]
|||||||| [#x0B2A-#x0B30][#x0B2A-#x0B30][#x0B2A-#x0B30][#x0B2A-#x0B30][#x0B2A-#x0B30][#x0B2A-#x0B30][#x0B2A-#x0B30][#x0B2A-#x0B30]
|||||||| [#x0B32-#x0B33][#x0B32-#x0B33][#x0B32-#x0B33][#x0B32-#x0B33][#x0B32-#x0B33][#x0B32-#x0B33][#x0B32-#x0B33][#x0B32-#x0B33]
|||||||| [#x0B36-#x0B39][#x0B36-#x0B39][#x0B36-#x0B39][#x0B36-#x0B39][#x0B36-#x0B39][#x0B36-#x0B39][#x0B36-#x0B39][#x0B36-#x0B39]
|||||||| #x0B3D#x0B3D#x0B3D#x0B3D#x0B3D#x0B3D#x0B3D#x0B3D
|||||||| [#x0B5C-#x0B5D][#x0B5C-#x0B5D][#x0B5C-#x0B5D][#x0B5C-#x0B5D][#x0B5C-#x0B5D][#x0B5C-#x0B5D][#x0B5C-#x0B5D][#x0B5C-#x0B5D]
|||||||| [#x0B5F-#x0B61][#x0B5F-#x0B61][#x0B5F-#x0B61][#x0B5F-#x0B61][#x0B5F-#x0B61][#x0B5F-#x0B61][#x0B5F-#x0B61][#x0B5F-#x0B61]
|||||||| [#x0B85-#x0B8A][#x0B85-#x0B8A][#x0B85-#x0B8A][#x0B85-#x0B8A][#x0B85-#x0B8A][#x0B85-#x0B8A][#x0B85-#x0B8A][#x0B85-#x0B8A]
|||||||| [#x0B8E-#x0B90][#x0B8E-#x0B90][#x0B8E-#x0B90][#x0B8E-#x0B90][#x0B8E-#x0B90][#x0B8E-#x0B90][#x0B8E-#x0B90][#x0B8E-#x0B90]
|||||||| [#x0B92-#x0B95][#x0B92-#x0B95][#x0B92-#x0B95][#x0B92-#x0B95][#x0B92-#x0B95][#x0B92-#x0B95][#x0B92-#x0B95][#x0B92-#x0B95]
|||||||| [#x0B99-#x0B9A][#x0B99-#x0B9A][#x0B99-#x0B9A][#x0B99-#x0B9A][#x0B99-#x0B9A][#x0B99-#x0B9A][#x0B99-#x0B9A][#x0B99-#x0B9A]
|||||||| #x0B9C#x0B9C#x0B9C#x0B9C#x0B9C#x0B9C#x0B9C#x0B9C
|||||||| [#x0B9E-#x0B9F][#x0B9E-#x0B9F][#x0B9E-#x0B9F][#x0B9E-#x0B9F][#x0B9E-#x0B9F][#x0B9E-#x0B9F][#x0B9E-#x0B9F][#x0B9E-#x0B9F]
|||||||| [#x0BA3-#x0BA4][#x0BA3-#x0BA4][#x0BA3-#x0BA4][#x0BA3-#x0BA4][#x0BA3-#x0BA4][#x0BA3-#x0BA4][#x0BA3-#x0BA4][#x0BA3-#x0BA4]
|||||||| [#x0BA8-#x0BAA][#x0BA8-#x0BAA][#x0BA8-#x0BAA][#x0BA8-#x0BAA][#x0BA8-#x0BAA][#x0BA8-#x0BAA][#x0BA8-#x0BAA][#x0BA8-#x0BAA]
|||||||| [#x0BAE-#x0BB5][#x0BAE-#x0BB5][#x0BAE-#x0BB5][#x0BAE-#x0BB5][#x0BAE-#x0BB5][#x0BAE-#x0BB5][#x0BAE-#x0BB5][#x0BAE-#x0BB5]
|||||||| [#x0BB7-#x0BB9][#x0BB7-#x0BB9][#x0BB7-#x0BB9][#x0BB7-#x0BB9][#x0BB7-#x0BB9][#x0BB7-#x0BB9][#x0BB7-#x0BB9][#x0BB7-#x0BB9]
|||||||| [#x0C05-#x0C0C][#x0C05-#x0C0C][#x0C05-#x0C0C][#x0C05-#x0C0C][#x0C05-#x0C0C][#x0C05-#x0C0C][#x0C05-#x0C0C][#x0C05-#x0C0C]
|||||||| [#x0C0E-#x0C10][#x0C0E-#x0C10][#x0C0E-#x0C10][#x0C0E-#x0C10][#x0C0E-#x0C10][#x0C0E-#x0C10][#x0C0E-#x0C10][#x0C0E-#x0C10]
|||||||| [#x0C12-#x0C28][#x0C12-#x0C28][#x0C12-#x0C28][#x0C12-#x0C28][#x0C12-#x0C28][#x0C12-#x0C28][#x0C12-#x0C28][#x0C12-#x0C28]
|||||||| [#x0C2A-#x0C33][#x0C2A-#x0C33][#x0C2A-#x0C33][#x0C2A-#x0C33][#x0C2A-#x0C33][#x0C2A-#x0C33][#x0C2A-#x0C33][#x0C2A-#x0C33]
|||||||| [#x0C35-#x0C39][#x0C35-#x0C39][#x0C35-#x0C39][#x0C35-#x0C39][#x0C35-#x0C39][#x0C35-#x0C39][#x0C35-#x0C39][#x0C35-#x0C39]
|||||||| [#x0C60-#x0C61][#x0C60-#x0C61][#x0C60-#x0C61][#x0C60-#x0C61][#x0C60-#x0C61][#x0C60-#x0C61][#x0C60-#x0C61][#x0C60-#x0C61]
|||||||| [#x0C85-#x0C8C][#x0C85-#x0C8C][#x0C85-#x0C8C][#x0C85-#x0C8C][#x0C85-#x0C8C][#x0C85-#x0C8C][#x0C85-#x0C8C][#x0C85-#x0C8C]
|||||||| [#x0C8E-#x0C90][#x0C8E-#x0C90][#x0C8E-#x0C90][#x0C8E-#x0C90][#x0C8E-#x0C90][#x0C8E-#x0C90][#x0C8E-#x0C90][#x0C8E-#x0C90]
|||||||| [#x0C92-#x0CA8][#x0C92-#x0CA8][#x0C92-#x0CA8][#x0C92-#x0CA8][#x0C92-#x0CA8][#x0C92-#x0CA8][#x0C92-#x0CA8][#x0C92-#x0CA8]
|||||||| [#x0CAA-#x0CB3][#x0CAA-#x0CB3][#x0CAA-#x0CB3][#x0CAA-#x0CB3][#x0CAA-#x0CB3][#x0CAA-#x0CB3][#x0CAA-#x0CB3][#x0CAA-#x0CB3]
|||||||| [#x0CB5-#x0CB9][#x0CB5-#x0CB9][#x0CB5-#x0CB9][#x0CB5-#x0CB9][#x0CB5-#x0CB9][#x0CB5-#x0CB9][#x0CB5-#x0CB9][#x0CB5-#x0CB9]
|||||||| #x0CDE#x0CDE#x0CDE#x0CDE#x0CDE#x0CDE#x0CDE#x0CDE
|||||||| [#x0CE0-#x0CE1][#x0CE0-#x0CE1][#x0CE0-#x0CE1][#x0CE0-#x0CE1][#x0CE0-#x0CE1][#x0CE0-#x0CE1][#x0CE0-#x0CE1][#x0CE0-#x0CE1]
|||||||| [#x0D05-#x0D0C][#x0D05-#x0D0C][#x0D05-#x0D0C][#x0D05-#x0D0C][#x0D05-#x0D0C][#x0D05-#x0D0C][#x0D05-#x0D0C][#x0D05-#x0D0C]
|||||||| [#x0D0E-#x0D10][#x0D0E-#x0D10][#x0D0E-#x0D10][#x0D0E-#x0D10][#x0D0E-#x0D10][#x0D0E-#x0D10][#x0D0E-#x0D10][#x0D0E-#x0D10]
|||||||| [#x0D12-#x0D28][#x0D12-#x0D28][#x0D12-#x0D28][#x0D12-#x0D28][#x0D12-#x0D28][#x0D12-#x0D28][#x0D12-#x0D28][#x0D12-#x0D28]
|||||||| [#x0D2A-#x0D39][#x0D2A-#x0D39][#x0D2A-#x0D39][#x0D2A-#x0D39][#x0D2A-#x0D39][#x0D2A-#x0D39][#x0D2A-#x0D39][#x0D2A-#x0D39]
|||||||| [#x0D60-#x0D61][#x0D60-#x0D61][#x0D60-#x0D61][#x0D60-#x0D61][#x0D60-#x0D61][#x0D60-#x0D61][#x0D60-#x0D61][#x0D60-#x0D61]
|||||||| [#x0E01-#x0E2E][#x0E01-#x0E2E][#x0E01-#x0E2E][#x0E01-#x0E2E][#x0E01-#x0E2E][#x0E01-#x0E2E][#x0E01-#x0E2E][#x0E01-#x0E2E]
|||||||| #x0E30#x0E30#x0E30#x0E30#x0E30#x0E30#x0E30#x0E30
|||||||| [#x0E32-#x0E33][#x0E32-#x0E33][#x0E32-#x0E33][#x0E32-#x0E33][#x0E32-#x0E33][#x0E32-#x0E33][#x0E32-#x0E33][#x0E32-#x0E33]
|||||||| [#x0E40-#x0E45][#x0E40-#x0E45][#x0E40-#x0E45][#x0E40-#x0E45][#x0E40-#x0E45][#x0E40-#x0E45][#x0E40-#x0E45][#x0E40-#x0E45]
|||||||| [#x0E81-#x0E82][#x0E81-#x0E82][#x0E81-#x0E82][#x0E81-#x0E82][#x0E81-#x0E82][#x0E81-#x0E82][#x0E81-#x0E82][#x0E81-#x0E82]
|||||||| #x0E84#x0E84#x0E84#x0E84#x0E84#x0E84#x0E84#x0E84
|||||||| [#x0E87-#x0E88][#x0E87-#x0E88][#x0E87-#x0E88][#x0E87-#x0E88][#x0E87-#x0E88][#x0E87-#x0E88][#x0E87-#x0E88][#x0E87-#x0E88]
|||||||| #x0E8A#x0E8A#x0E8A#x0E8A#x0E8A#x0E8A#x0E8A#x0E8A
|||||||| #x0E8D#x0E8D#x0E8D#x0E8D#x0E8D#x0E8D#x0E8D#x0E8D
|||||||| [#x0E94-#x0E97][#x0E94-#x0E97][#x0E94-#x0E97][#x0E94-#x0E97][#x0E94-#x0E97][#x0E94-#x0E97][#x0E94-#x0E97][#x0E94-#x0E97]
|||||||| [#x0E99-#x0E9F][#x0E99-#x0E9F][#x0E99-#x0E9F][#x0E99-#x0E9F][#x0E99-#x0E9F][#x0E99-#x0E9F][#x0E99-#x0E9F][#x0E99-#x0E9F]
|||||||| [#x0EA1-#x0EA3][#x0EA1-#x0EA3][#x0EA1-#x0EA3][#x0EA1-#x0EA3][#x0EA1-#x0EA3][#x0EA1-#x0EA3][#x0EA1-#x0EA3][#x0EA1-#x0EA3]
|||||||| #x0EA5#x0EA5#x0EA5#x0EA5#x0EA5#x0EA5#x0EA5#x0EA5
|||||||| #x0EA7#x0EA7#x0EA7#x0EA7#x0EA7#x0EA7#x0EA7#x0EA7
|||||||| [#x0EAA-#x0EAB][#x0EAA-#x0EAB][#x0EAA-#x0EAB][#x0EAA-#x0EAB][#x0EAA-#x0EAB][#x0EAA-#x0EAB][#x0EAA-#x0EAB][#x0EAA-#x0EAB]
|||||||| [#x0EAD-#x0EAE][#x0EAD-#x0EAE][#x0EAD-#x0EAE][#x0EAD-#x0EAE][#x0EAD-#x0EAE][#x0EAD-#x0EAE][#x0EAD-#x0EAE][#x0EAD-#x0EAE]
|||||||| #x0EB0#x0EB0#x0EB0#x0EB0#x0EB0#x0EB0#x0EB0#x0EB0
|||||||| [#x0EB2-#x0EB3][#x0EB2-#x0EB3][#x0EB2-#x0EB3][#x0EB2-#x0EB3][#x0EB2-#x0EB3][#x0EB2-#x0EB3][#x0EB2-#x0EB3][#x0EB2-#x0EB3]
|||||||| #x0EBD#x0EBD#x0EBD#x0EBD#x0EBD#x0EBD#x0EBD#x0EBD
|||||||| [#x0EC0-#x0EC4][#x0EC0-#x0EC4][#x0EC0-#x0EC4][#x0EC0-#x0EC4][#x0EC0-#x0EC4][#x0EC0-#x0EC4][#x0EC0-#x0EC4][#x0EC0-#x0EC4]
|||||||| [#x0F40-#x0F47][#x0F40-#x0F47][#x0F40-#x0F47][#x0F40-#x0F47][#x0F40-#x0F47][#x0F40-#x0F47][#x0F40-#x0F47][#x0F40-#x0F47]
|||||||| [#x0F49-#x0F69][#x0F49-#x0F69][#x0F49-#x0F69][#x0F49-#x0F69][#x0F49-#x0F69][#x0F49-#x0F69][#x0F49-#x0F69][#x0F49-#x0F69]
|||||||| [#x10A0-#x10C5][#x10A0-#x10C5][#x10A0-#x10C5][#x10A0-#x10C5][#x10A0-#x10C5][#x10A0-#x10C5][#x10A0-#x10C5][#x10A0-#x10C5]
|||||||| [#x10D0-#x10F6][#x10D0-#x10F6][#x10D0-#x10F6][#x10D0-#x10F6][#x10D0-#x10F6][#x10D0-#x10F6][#x10D0-#x10F6][#x10D0-#x10F6]
|||||||| #x1100#x1100#x1100#x1100#x1100#x1100#x1100#x1100
|||||||| [#x1102-#x1103][#x1102-#x1103][#x1102-#x1103][#x1102-#x1103][#x1102-#x1103][#x1102-#x1103][#x1102-#x1103][#x1102-#x1103]
|||||||| [#x1105-#x1107][#x1105-#x1107][#x1105-#x1107][#x1105-#x1107][#x1105-#x1107][#x1105-#x1107][#x1105-#x1107][#x1105-#x1107]
|||||||| #x1109#x1109#x1109#x1109#x1109#x1109#x1109#x1109
|||||||| [#x110B-#x110C][#x110B-#x110C][#x110B-#x110C][#x110B-#x110C][#x110B-#x110C][#x110B-#x110C][#x110B-#x110C][#x110B-#x110C]
|||||||| [#x110E-#x1112][#x110E-#x1112][#x110E-#x1112][#x110E-#x1112][#x110E-#x1112][#x110E-#x1112][#x110E-#x1112][#x110E-#x1112]
|||||||| #x113C#x113C#x113C#x113C#x113C#x113C#x113C#x113C
|||||||| #x113E#x113E#x113E#x113E#x113E#x113E#x113E#x113E
|||||||| #x1140#x1140#x1140#x1140#x1140#x1140#x1140#x1140
|||||||| #x114C#x114C#x114C#x114C#x114C#x114C#x114C#x114C
|||||||| #x114E#x114E#x114E#x114E#x114E#x114E#x114E#x114E
|||||||| #x1150#x1150#x1150#x1150#x1150#x1150#x1150#x1150
|||||||| [#x1154-#x1155][#x1154-#x1155][#x1154-#x1155][#x1154-#x1155][#x1154-#x1155][#x1154-#x1155][#x1154-#x1155][#x1154-#x1155]
|||||||| #x1159#x1159#x1159#x1159#x1159#x1159#x1159#x1159
|||||||| [#x115F-#x1161][#x115F-#x1161][#x115F-#x1161][#x115F-#x1161][#x115F-#x1161][#x115F-#x1161][#x115F-#x1161][#x115F-#x1161]
|||||||| #x1163#x1163#x1163#x1163#x1163#x1163#x1163#x1163
|||||||| #x1165#x1165#x1165#x1165#x1165#x1165#x1165#x1165
|||||||| #x1167#x1167#x1167#x1167#x1167#x1167#x1167#x1167
|||||||| #x1169#x1169#x1169#x1169#x1169#x1169#x1169#x1169
|||||||| [#x116D-#x116E][#x116D-#x116E][#x116D-#x116E][#x116D-#x116E][#x116D-#x116E][#x116D-#x116E][#x116D-#x116E][#x116D-#x116E]
|||||||| [#x1172-#x1173][#x1172-#x1173][#x1172-#x1173][#x1172-#x1173][#x1172-#x1173][#x1172-#x1173][#x1172-#x1173][#x1172-#x1173]
|||||||| #x1175#x1175#x1175#x1175#x1175#x1175#x1175#x1175
|||||||| #x119E#x119E#x119E#x119E#x119E#x119E#x119E#x119E
|||||||| #x11A8#x11A8#x11A8#x11A8#x11A8#x11A8#x11A8#x11A8
|||||||| #x11AB#x11AB#x11AB#x11AB#x11AB#x11AB#x11AB#x11AB
|||||||| [#x11AE-#x11AF][#x11AE-#x11AF][#x11AE-#x11AF][#x11AE-#x11AF][#x11AE-#x11AF][#x11AE-#x11AF][#x11AE-#x11AF][#x11AE-#x11AF]
|||||||| [#x11B7-#x11B8][#x11B7-#x11B8][#x11B7-#x11B8][#x11B7-#x11B8][#x11B7-#x11B8][#x11B7-#x11B8][#x11B7-#x11B8][#x11B7-#x11B8]
|||||||| #x11BA#x11BA#x11BA#x11BA#x11BA#x11BA#x11BA#x11BA
|||||||| [#x11BC-#x11C2][#x11BC-#x11C2][#x11BC-#x11C2][#x11BC-#x11C2][#x11BC-#x11C2][#x11BC-#x11C2][#x11BC-#x11C2][#x11BC-#x11C2]
|||||||| #x11EB#x11EB#x11EB#x11EB#x11EB#x11EB#x11EB#x11EB
|||||||| #x11F0#x11F0#x11F0#x11F0#x11F0#x11F0#x11F0#x11F0
|||||||| #x11F9#x11F9#x11F9#x11F9#x11F9#x11F9#x11F9#x11F9
|||||||| [#x1E00-#x1E9B][#x1E00-#x1E9B][#x1E00-#x1E9B][#x1E00-#x1E9B][#x1E00-#x1E9B][#x1E00-#x1E9B][#x1E00-#x1E9B][#x1E00-#x1E9B]
|||||||| [#x1EA0-#x1EF9][#x1EA0-#x1EF9][#x1EA0-#x1EF9][#x1EA0-#x1EF9][#x1EA0-#x1EF9][#x1EA0-#x1EF9][#x1EA0-#x1EF9][#x1EA0-#x1EF9]
|||||||| [#x1F00-#x1F15][#x1F00-#x1F15][#x1F00-#x1F15][#x1F00-#x1F15][#x1F00-#x1F15][#x1F00-#x1F15][#x1F00-#x1F15][#x1F00-#x1F15]
|||||||| [#x1F18-#x1F1D][#x1F18-#x1F1D][#x1F18-#x1F1D][#x1F18-#x1F1D][#x1F18-#x1F1D][#x1F18-#x1F1D][#x1F18-#x1F1D][#x1F18-#x1F1D]
|||||||| [#x1F20-#x1F45][#x1F20-#x1F45][#x1F20-#x1F45][#x1F20-#x1F45][#x1F20-#x1F45][#x1F20-#x1F45][#x1F20-#x1F45][#x1F20-#x1F45]
|||||||| [#x1F48-#x1F4D][#x1F48-#x1F4D][#x1F48-#x1F4D][#x1F48-#x1F4D][#x1F48-#x1F4D][#x1F48-#x1F4D][#x1F48-#x1F4D][#x1F48-#x1F4D]
|||||||| [#x1F50-#x1F57][#x1F50-#x1F57][#x1F50-#x1F57][#x1F50-#x1F57][#x1F50-#x1F57][#x1F50-#x1F57][#x1F50-#x1F57][#x1F50-#x1F57]
|||||||| #x1F59#x1F59#x1F59#x1F59#x1F59#x1F59#x1F59#x1F59
|||||||| #x1F5B#x1F5B#x1F5B#x1F5B#x1F5B#x1F5B#x1F5B#x1F5B
|||||||| #x1F5D#x1F5D#x1F5D#x1F5D#x1F5D#x1F5D#x1F5D#x1F5D
|||||||| [#x1F5F-#x1F7D][#x1F5F-#x1F7D][#x1F5F-#x1F7D][#x1F5F-#x1F7D][#x1F5F-#x1F7D][#x1F5F-#x1F7D][#x1F5F-#x1F7D][#x1F5F-#x1F7D]
|||||||| [#x1F80-#x1FB4][#x1F80-#x1FB4][#x1F80-#x1FB4][#x1F80-#x1FB4][#x1F80-#x1FB4][#x1F80-#x1FB4][#x1F80-#x1FB4][#x1F80-#x1FB4]
|||||||| [#x1FB6-#x1FBC][#x1FB6-#x1FBC][#x1FB6-#x1FBC][#x1FB6-#x1FBC][#x1FB6-#x1FBC][#x1FB6-#x1FBC][#x1FB6-#x1FBC][#x1FB6-#x1FBC]
|||||||| #x1FBE#x1FBE#x1FBE#x1FBE#x1FBE#x1FBE#x1FBE#x1FBE
|||||||| [#x1FC2-#x1FC4][#x1FC2-#x1FC4][#x1FC2-#x1FC4][#x1FC2-#x1FC4][#x1FC2-#x1FC4][#x1FC2-#x1FC4][#x1FC2-#x1FC4][#x1FC2-#x1FC4]
|||||||| [#x1FC6-#x1FCC][#x1FC6-#x1FCC][#x1FC6-#x1FCC][#x1FC6-#x1FCC][#x1FC6-#x1FCC][#x1FC6-#x1FCC][#x1FC6-#x1FCC][#x1FC6-#x1FCC]
|||||||| [#x1FD0-#x1FD3][#x1FD0-#x1FD3][#x1FD0-#x1FD3][#x1FD0-#x1FD3][#x1FD0-#x1FD3][#x1FD0-#x1FD3][#x1FD0-#x1FD3][#x1FD0-#x1FD3]
|||||||| [#x1FD6-#x1FDB][#x1FD6-#x1FDB][#x1FD6-#x1FDB][#x1FD6-#x1FDB][#x1FD6-#x1FDB][#x1FD6-#x1FDB][#x1FD6-#x1FDB][#x1FD6-#x1FDB]
|||||||| [#x1FE0-#x1FEC][#x1FE0-#x1FEC][#x1FE0-#x1FEC][#x1FE0-#x1FEC][#x1FE0-#x1FEC][#x1FE0-#x1FEC][#x1FE0-#x1FEC][#x1FE0-#x1FEC]
|||||||| [#x1FF2-#x1FF4][#x1FF2-#x1FF4][#x1FF2-#x1FF4][#x1FF2-#x1FF4][#x1FF2-#x1FF4][#x1FF2-#x1FF4][#x1FF2-#x1FF4][#x1FF2-#x1FF4]
|||||||| [#x1FF6-#x1FFC][#x1FF6-#x1FFC][#x1FF6-#x1FFC][#x1FF6-#x1FFC][#x1FF6-#x1FFC][#x1FF6-#x1FFC][#x1FF6-#x1FFC][#x1FF6-#x1FFC]
|||||||| #x2126#x2126#x2126#x2126#x2126#x2126#x2126#x2126
|||||||| [#x212A-#x212B][#x212A-#x212B][#x212A-#x212B][#x212A-#x212B][#x212A-#x212B][#x212A-#x212B][#x212A-#x212B][#x212A-#x212B]
|||||||| #x212E#x212E#x212E#x212E#x212E#x212E#x212E#x212E
|||||||| [#x2180-#x2182][#x2180-#x2182][#x2180-#x2182][#x2180-#x2182][#x2180-#x2182][#x2180-#x2182][#x2180-#x2182][#x2180-#x2182]
|||||||| [#x3041-#x3094][#x3041-#x3094][#x3041-#x3094][#x3041-#x3094][#x3041-#x3094][#x3041-#x3094][#x3041-#x3094][#x3041-#x3094]
|||||||| [#x30A1-#x30FA][#x30A1-#x30FA][#x30A1-#x30FA][#x30A1-#x30FA][#x30A1-#x30FA][#x30A1-#x30FA][#x30A1-#x30FA][#x30A1-#x30FA]
|||||||| [#x3105-#x312C][#x3105-#x312C][#x3105-#x312C][#x3105-#x312C][#x3105-#x312C][#x3105-#x312C][#x3105-#x312C][#x3105-#x312C]
|||||||| [#xAC00-#xD7A3][#xAC00-#xD7A3][#xAC00-#xD7A3][#xAC00-#xD7A3][#xAC00-#xD7A3][#xAC00-#xD7A3][#xAC00-#xD7A3][#xAC00-#xD7A3]
IdeographicIdeographicIdeographicIdeographicIdeographicIdeographicIdeographicIdeographic[#x4E00-#x9FA5][#x4E00-#x9FA5][#x4E00-#x9FA5][#x4E00-#x9FA5][#x4E00-#x9FA5][#x4E00-#x9FA5][#x4E00-#x9FA5][#x4E00-#x9FA5]
|||||||| #x3007#x3007#x3007#x3007#x3007#x3007#x3007#x3007
|||||||| [#x3021-#x3029][#x3021-#x3029][#x3021-#x3029][#x3021-#x3029][#x3021-#x3029][#x3021-#x3029][#x3021-#x3029][#x3021-#x3029]
CombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningChar[#x0300-#x0345][#x0300-#x0345][#x0300-#x0345][#x0300-#x0345][#x0300-#x0345][#x0300-#x0345][#x0300-#x0345][#x0300-#x0345]
|||||||| [#x0360-#x0361][#x0360-#x0361][#x0360-#x0361][#x0360-#x0361][#x0360-#x0361][#x0360-#x0361][#x0360-#x0361][#x0360-#x0361]
|||||||| [#x0483-#x0486][#x0483-#x0486][#x0483-#x0486][#x0483-#x0486][#x0483-#x0486][#x0483-#x0486][#x0483-#x0486][#x0483-#x0486]
|||||||| [#x0591-#x05A1][#x0591-#x05A1][#x0591-#x05A1][#x0591-#x05A1][#x0591-#x05A1][#x0591-#x05A1][#x0591-#x05A1][#x0591-#x05A1]
|||||||| [#x05A3-#x05B9][#x05A3-#x05B9][#x05A3-#x05B9][#x05A3-#x05B9][#x05A3-#x05B9][#x05A3-#x05B9][#x05A3-#x05B9][#x05A3-#x05B9]
|||||||| [#x05BB-#x05BD][#x05BB-#x05BD][#x05BB-#x05BD][#x05BB-#x05BD][#x05BB-#x05BD][#x05BB-#x05BD][#x05BB-#x05BD][#x05BB-#x05BD]
|||||||| #x05BF#x05BF#x05BF#x05BF#x05BF#x05BF#x05BF#x05BF
|||||||| [#x05C1-#x05C2][#x05C1-#x05C2][#x05C1-#x05C2][#x05C1-#x05C2][#x05C1-#x05C2][#x05C1-#x05C2][#x05C1-#x05C2][#x05C1-#x05C2]
|||||||| #x05C4#x05C4#x05C4#x05C4#x05C4#x05C4#x05C4#x05C4
|||||||| [#x064B-#x0652][#x064B-#x0652][#x064B-#x0652][#x064B-#x0652][#x064B-#x0652][#x064B-#x0652][#x064B-#x0652][#x064B-#x0652]
|||||||| #x0670#x0670#x0670#x0670#x0670#x0670#x0670#x0670
|||||||| [#x06D6-#x06DC][#x06D6-#x06DC][#x06D6-#x06DC][#x06D6-#x06DC][#x06D6-#x06DC][#x06D6-#x06DC][#x06D6-#x06DC][#x06D6-#x06DC]
|||||||| [#x06DD-#x06DF][#x06DD-#x06DF][#x06DD-#x06DF][#x06DD-#x06DF][#x06DD-#x06DF][#x06DD-#x06DF][#x06DD-#x06DF][#x06DD-#x06DF]
|||||||| [#x06E0-#x06E4][#x06E0-#x06E4][#x06E0-#x06E4][#x06E0-#x06E4][#x06E0-#x06E4][#x06E0-#x06E4][#x06E0-#x06E4][#x06E0-#x06E4]
|||||||| [#x06E7-#x06E8][#x06E7-#x06E8][#x06E7-#x06E8][#x06E7-#x06E8][#x06E7-#x06E8][#x06E7-#x06E8][#x06E7-#x06E8][#x06E7-#x06E8]
|||||||| [#x06EA-#x06ED][#x06EA-#x06ED][#x06EA-#x06ED][#x06EA-#x06ED][#x06EA-#x06ED][#x06EA-#x06ED][#x06EA-#x06ED][#x06EA-#x06ED]
|||||||| [#x0901-#x0903][#x0901-#x0903][#x0901-#x0903][#x0901-#x0903][#x0901-#x0903][#x0901-#x0903][#x0901-#x0903][#x0901-#x0903]
|||||||| #x093C#x093C#x093C#x093C#x093C#x093C#x093C#x093C
|||||||| [#x093E-#x094C][#x093E-#x094C][#x093E-#x094C][#x093E-#x094C][#x093E-#x094C][#x093E-#x094C][#x093E-#x094C][#x093E-#x094C]
|||||||| #x094D#x094D#x094D#x094D#x094D#x094D#x094D#x094D
|||||||| [#x0951-#x0954][#x0951-#x0954][#x0951-#x0954][#x0951-#x0954][#x0951-#x0954][#x0951-#x0954][#x0951-#x0954][#x0951-#x0954]
|||||||| [#x0962-#x0963][#x0962-#x0963][#x0962-#x0963][#x0962-#x0963][#x0962-#x0963][#x0962-#x0963][#x0962-#x0963][#x0962-#x0963]
|||||||| [#x0981-#x0983][#x0981-#x0983][#x0981-#x0983][#x0981-#x0983][#x0981-#x0983][#x0981-#x0983][#x0981-#x0983][#x0981-#x0983]
|||||||| #x09BC#x09BC#x09BC#x09BC#x09BC#x09BC#x09BC#x09BC
|||||||| #x09BE#x09BE#x09BE#x09BE#x09BE#x09BE#x09BE#x09BE
|||||||| #x09BF#x09BF#x09BF#x09BF#x09BF#x09BF#x09BF#x09BF
|||||||| [#x09C0-#x09C4][#x09C0-#x09C4][#x09C0-#x09C4][#x09C0-#x09C4][#x09C0-#x09C4][#x09C0-#x09C4][#x09C0-#x09C4][#x09C0-#x09C4]
|||||||| [#x09C7-#x09C8][#x09C7-#x09C8][#x09C7-#x09C8][#x09C7-#x09C8][#x09C7-#x09C8][#x09C7-#x09C8][#x09C7-#x09C8][#x09C7-#x09C8]
|||||||| [#x09CB-#x09CD][#x09CB-#x09CD][#x09CB-#x09CD][#x09CB-#x09CD][#x09CB-#x09CD][#x09CB-#x09CD][#x09CB-#x09CD][#x09CB-#x09CD]
|||||||| #x09D7#x09D7#x09D7#x09D7#x09D7#x09D7#x09D7#x09D7
|||||||| [#x09E2-#x09E3][#x09E2-#x09E3][#x09E2-#x09E3][#x09E2-#x09E3][#x09E2-#x09E3][#x09E2-#x09E3][#x09E2-#x09E3][#x09E2-#x09E3]
|||||||| #x0A02#x0A02#x0A02#x0A02#x0A02#x0A02#x0A02#x0A02
|||||||| #x0A3C#x0A3C#x0A3C#x0A3C#x0A3C#x0A3C#x0A3C#x0A3C
|||||||| #x0A3E#x0A3E#x0A3E#x0A3E#x0A3E#x0A3E#x0A3E#x0A3E
|||||||| #x0A3F#x0A3F#x0A3F#x0A3F#x0A3F#x0A3F#x0A3F#x0A3F
|||||||| [#x0A40-#x0A42][#x0A40-#x0A42][#x0A40-#x0A42][#x0A40-#x0A42][#x0A40-#x0A42][#x0A40-#x0A42][#x0A40-#x0A42][#x0A40-#x0A42]
|||||||| [#x0A47-#x0A48][#x0A47-#x0A48][#x0A47-#x0A48][#x0A47-#x0A48][#x0A47-#x0A48][#x0A47-#x0A48][#x0A47-#x0A48][#x0A47-#x0A48]
|||||||| [#x0A4B-#x0A4D][#x0A4B-#x0A4D][#x0A4B-#x0A4D][#x0A4B-#x0A4D][#x0A4B-#x0A4D][#x0A4B-#x0A4D][#x0A4B-#x0A4D][#x0A4B-#x0A4D]
|||||||| [#x0A70-#x0A71][#x0A70-#x0A71][#x0A70-#x0A71][#x0A70-#x0A71][#x0A70-#x0A71][#x0A70-#x0A71][#x0A70-#x0A71][#x0A70-#x0A71]
|||||||| [#x0A81-#x0A83][#x0A81-#x0A83][#x0A81-#x0A83][#x0A81-#x0A83][#x0A81-#x0A83][#x0A81-#x0A83][#x0A81-#x0A83][#x0A81-#x0A83]
|||||||| #x0ABC#x0ABC#x0ABC#x0ABC#x0ABC#x0ABC#x0ABC#x0ABC
|||||||| [#x0ABE-#x0AC5][#x0ABE-#x0AC5][#x0ABE-#x0AC5][#x0ABE-#x0AC5][#x0ABE-#x0AC5][#x0ABE-#x0AC5][#x0ABE-#x0AC5][#x0ABE-#x0AC5]
|||||||| [#x0AC7-#x0AC9][#x0AC7-#x0AC9][#x0AC7-#x0AC9][#x0AC7-#x0AC9][#x0AC7-#x0AC9][#x0AC7-#x0AC9][#x0AC7-#x0AC9][#x0AC7-#x0AC9]
|||||||| [#x0ACB-#x0ACD][#x0ACB-#x0ACD][#x0ACB-#x0ACD][#x0ACB-#x0ACD][#x0ACB-#x0ACD][#x0ACB-#x0ACD][#x0ACB-#x0ACD][#x0ACB-#x0ACD]
|||||||| [#x0B01-#x0B03][#x0B01-#x0B03][#x0B01-#x0B03][#x0B01-#x0B03][#x0B01-#x0B03][#x0B01-#x0B03][#x0B01-#x0B03][#x0B01-#x0B03]
|||||||| #x0B3C#x0B3C#x0B3C#x0B3C#x0B3C#x0B3C#x0B3C#x0B3C
|||||||| [#x0B3E-#x0B43][#x0B3E-#x0B43][#x0B3E-#x0B43][#x0B3E-#x0B43][#x0B3E-#x0B43][#x0B3E-#x0B43][#x0B3E-#x0B43][#x0B3E-#x0B43]
|||||||| [#x0B47-#x0B48][#x0B47-#x0B48][#x0B47-#x0B48][#x0B47-#x0B48][#x0B47-#x0B48][#x0B47-#x0B48][#x0B47-#x0B48][#x0B47-#x0B48]
|||||||| [#x0B4B-#x0B4D][#x0B4B-#x0B4D][#x0B4B-#x0B4D][#x0B4B-#x0B4D][#x0B4B-#x0B4D][#x0B4B-#x0B4D][#x0B4B-#x0B4D][#x0B4B-#x0B4D]
|||||||| [#x0B56-#x0B57][#x0B56-#x0B57][#x0B56-#x0B57][#x0B56-#x0B57][#x0B56-#x0B57][#x0B56-#x0B57][#x0B56-#x0B57][#x0B56-#x0B57]
|||||||| [#x0B82-#x0B83][#x0B82-#x0B83][#x0B82-#x0B83][#x0B82-#x0B83][#x0B82-#x0B83][#x0B82-#x0B83][#x0B82-#x0B83][#x0B82-#x0B83]
|||||||| [#x0BBE-#x0BC2][#x0BBE-#x0BC2][#x0BBE-#x0BC2][#x0BBE-#x0BC2][#x0BBE-#x0BC2][#x0BBE-#x0BC2][#x0BBE-#x0BC2][#x0BBE-#x0BC2]
|||||||| [#x0BC6-#x0BC8][#x0BC6-#x0BC8][#x0BC6-#x0BC8][#x0BC6-#x0BC8][#x0BC6-#x0BC8][#x0BC6-#x0BC8][#x0BC6-#x0BC8][#x0BC6-#x0BC8]
|||||||| [#x0BCA-#x0BCD][#x0BCA-#x0BCD][#x0BCA-#x0BCD][#x0BCA-#x0BCD][#x0BCA-#x0BCD][#x0BCA-#x0BCD][#x0BCA-#x0BCD][#x0BCA-#x0BCD]
|||||||| #x0BD7#x0BD7#x0BD7#x0BD7#x0BD7#x0BD7#x0BD7#x0BD7
|||||||| [#x0C01-#x0C03][#x0C01-#x0C03][#x0C01-#x0C03][#x0C01-#x0C03][#x0C01-#x0C03][#x0C01-#x0C03][#x0C01-#x0C03][#x0C01-#x0C03]
|||||||| [#x0C3E-#x0C44][#x0C3E-#x0C44][#x0C3E-#x0C44][#x0C3E-#x0C44][#x0C3E-#x0C44][#x0C3E-#x0C44][#x0C3E-#x0C44][#x0C3E-#x0C44]
|||||||| [#x0C46-#x0C48][#x0C46-#x0C48][#x0C46-#x0C48][#x0C46-#x0C48][#x0C46-#x0C48][#x0C46-#x0C48][#x0C46-#x0C48][#x0C46-#x0C48]
|||||||| [#x0C4A-#x0C4D][#x0C4A-#x0C4D][#x0C4A-#x0C4D][#x0C4A-#x0C4D][#x0C4A-#x0C4D][#x0C4A-#x0C4D][#x0C4A-#x0C4D][#x0C4A-#x0C4D]
|||||||| [#x0C55-#x0C56][#x0C55-#x0C56][#x0C55-#x0C56][#x0C55-#x0C56][#x0C55-#x0C56][#x0C55-#x0C56][#x0C55-#x0C56][#x0C55-#x0C56]
|||||||| [#x0C82-#x0C83][#x0C82-#x0C83][#x0C82-#x0C83][#x0C82-#x0C83][#x0C82-#x0C83][#x0C82-#x0C83][#x0C82-#x0C83][#x0C82-#x0C83]
|||||||| [#x0CBE-#x0CC4][#x0CBE-#x0CC4][#x0CBE-#x0CC4][#x0CBE-#x0CC4][#x0CBE-#x0CC4][#x0CBE-#x0CC4][#x0CBE-#x0CC4][#x0CBE-#x0CC4]
|||||||| [#x0CC6-#x0CC8][#x0CC6-#x0CC8][#x0CC6-#x0CC8][#x0CC6-#x0CC8][#x0CC6-#x0CC8][#x0CC6-#x0CC8][#x0CC6-#x0CC8][#x0CC6-#x0CC8]
|||||||| [#x0CCA-#x0CCD][#x0CCA-#x0CCD][#x0CCA-#x0CCD][#x0CCA-#x0CCD][#x0CCA-#x0CCD][#x0CCA-#x0CCD][#x0CCA-#x0CCD][#x0CCA-#x0CCD]
|||||||| [#x0CD5-#x0CD6][#x0CD5-#x0CD6][#x0CD5-#x0CD6][#x0CD5-#x0CD6][#x0CD5-#x0CD6][#x0CD5-#x0CD6][#x0CD5-#x0CD6][#x0CD5-#x0CD6]
|||||||| [#x0D02-#x0D03][#x0D02-#x0D03][#x0D02-#x0D03][#x0D02-#x0D03][#x0D02-#x0D03][#x0D02-#x0D03][#x0D02-#x0D03][#x0D02-#x0D03]
|||||||| [#x0D3E-#x0D43][#x0D3E-#x0D43][#x0D3E-#x0D43][#x0D3E-#x0D43][#x0D3E-#x0D43][#x0D3E-#x0D43][#x0D3E-#x0D43][#x0D3E-#x0D43]
|||||||| [#x0D46-#x0D48][#x0D46-#x0D48][#x0D46-#x0D48][#x0D46-#x0D48][#x0D46-#x0D48][#x0D46-#x0D48][#x0D46-#x0D48][#x0D46-#x0D48]
|||||||| [#x0D4A-#x0D4D][#x0D4A-#x0D4D][#x0D4A-#x0D4D][#x0D4A-#x0D4D][#x0D4A-#x0D4D][#x0D4A-#x0D4D][#x0D4A-#x0D4D][#x0D4A-#x0D4D]
|||||||| #x0D57#x0D57#x0D57#x0D57#x0D57#x0D57#x0D57#x0D57
|||||||| #x0E31#x0E31#x0E31#x0E31#x0E31#x0E31#x0E31#x0E31
|||||||| [#x0E34-#x0E3A][#x0E34-#x0E3A][#x0E34-#x0E3A][#x0E34-#x0E3A][#x0E34-#x0E3A][#x0E34-#x0E3A][#x0E34-#x0E3A][#x0E34-#x0E3A]
|||||||| [#x0E47-#x0E4E][#x0E47-#x0E4E][#x0E47-#x0E4E][#x0E47-#x0E4E][#x0E47-#x0E4E][#x0E47-#x0E4E][#x0E47-#x0E4E][#x0E47-#x0E4E]
|||||||| #x0EB1#x0EB1#x0EB1#x0EB1#x0EB1#x0EB1#x0EB1#x0EB1
|||||||| [#x0EB4-#x0EB9][#x0EB4-#x0EB9][#x0EB4-#x0EB9][#x0EB4-#x0EB9][#x0EB4-#x0EB9][#x0EB4-#x0EB9][#x0EB4-#x0EB9][#x0EB4-#x0EB9]
|||||||| [#x0EBB-#x0EBC][#x0EBB-#x0EBC][#x0EBB-#x0EBC][#x0EBB-#x0EBC][#x0EBB-#x0EBC][#x0EBB-#x0EBC][#x0EBB-#x0EBC][#x0EBB-#x0EBC]
|||||||| [#x0EC8-#x0ECD][#x0EC8-#x0ECD][#x0EC8-#x0ECD][#x0EC8-#x0ECD][#x0EC8-#x0ECD][#x0EC8-#x0ECD][#x0EC8-#x0ECD][#x0EC8-#x0ECD]
|||||||| [#x0F18-#x0F19][#x0F18-#x0F19][#x0F18-#x0F19][#x0F18-#x0F19][#x0F18-#x0F19][#x0F18-#x0F19][#x0F18-#x0F19][#x0F18-#x0F19]
|||||||| #x0F35#x0F35#x0F35#x0F35#x0F35#x0F35#x0F35#x0F35
|||||||| #x0F37#x0F37#x0F37#x0F37#x0F37#x0F37#x0F37#x0F37
|||||||| #x0F39#x0F39#x0F39#x0F39#x0F39#x0F39#x0F39#x0F39
|||||||| #x0F3E#x0F3E#x0F3E#x0F3E#x0F3E#x0F3E#x0F3E#x0F3E
|||||||| #x0F3F#x0F3F#x0F3F#x0F3F#x0F3F#x0F3F#x0F3F#x0F3F
|||||||| [#x0F71-#x0F84][#x0F71-#x0F84][#x0F71-#x0F84][#x0F71-#x0F84][#x0F71-#x0F84][#x0F71-#x0F84][#x0F71-#x0F84][#x0F71-#x0F84]
|||||||| [#x0F86-#x0F8B][#x0F86-#x0F8B][#x0F86-#x0F8B][#x0F86-#x0F8B][#x0F86-#x0F8B][#x0F86-#x0F8B][#x0F86-#x0F8B][#x0F86-#x0F8B]
|||||||| [#x0F90-#x0F95][#x0F90-#x0F95][#x0F90-#x0F95][#x0F90-#x0F95][#x0F90-#x0F95][#x0F90-#x0F95][#x0F90-#x0F95][#x0F90-#x0F95]
|||||||| #x0F97#x0F97#x0F97#x0F97#x0F97#x0F97#x0F97#x0F97
|||||||| [#x0F99-#x0FAD][#x0F99-#x0FAD][#x0F99-#x0FAD][#x0F99-#x0FAD][#x0F99-#x0FAD][#x0F99-#x0FAD][#x0F99-#x0FAD][#x0F99-#x0FAD]
|||||||| [#x0FB1-#x0FB7][#x0FB1-#x0FB7][#x0FB1-#x0FB7][#x0FB1-#x0FB7][#x0FB1-#x0FB7][#x0FB1-#x0FB7][#x0FB1-#x0FB7][#x0FB1-#x0FB7]
|||||||| #x0FB9#x0FB9#x0FB9#x0FB9#x0FB9#x0FB9#x0FB9#x0FB9
|||||||| [#x20D0-#x20DC][#x20D0-#x20DC][#x20D0-#x20DC][#x20D0-#x20DC][#x20D0-#x20DC][#x20D0-#x20DC][#x20D0-#x20DC][#x20D0-#x20DC]
|||||||| #x20E1#x20E1#x20E1#x20E1#x20E1#x20E1#x20E1#x20E1
|||||||| [#x302A-#x302F][#x302A-#x302F][#x302A-#x302F][#x302A-#x302F][#x302A-#x302F][#x302A-#x302F][#x302A-#x302F][#x302A-#x302F]
|||||||| #x3099#x3099#x3099#x3099#x3099#x3099#x3099#x3099
|||||||| #x309A#x309A#x309A#x309A#x309A#x309A#x309A#x309A
DigitDigitDigitDigitDigitDigitDigitDigit[#x0030-#x0039][#x0030-#x0039][#x0030-#x0039][#x0030-#x0039][#x0030-#x0039][#x0030-#x0039][#x0030-#x0039][#x0030-#x0039]
|||||||| [#x0660-#x0669][#x0660-#x0669][#x0660-#x0669][#x0660-#x0669][#x0660-#x0669][#x0660-#x0669][#x0660-#x0669][#x0660-#x0669]
|||||||| [#x06F0-#x06F9][#x06F0-#x06F9][#x06F0-#x06F9][#x06F0-#x06F9][#x06F0-#x06F9][#x06F0-#x06F9][#x06F0-#x06F9][#x06F0-#x06F9]
|||||||| [#x0966-#x096F][#x0966-#x096F][#x0966-#x096F][#x0966-#x096F][#x0966-#x096F][#x0966-#x096F][#x0966-#x096F][#x0966-#x096F]
|||||||| [#x09E6-#x09EF][#x09E6-#x09EF][#x09E6-#x09EF][#x09E6-#x09EF][#x09E6-#x09EF][#x09E6-#x09EF][#x09E6-#x09EF][#x09E6-#x09EF]
|||||||| [#x0A66-#x0A6F][#x0A66-#x0A6F][#x0A66-#x0A6F][#x0A66-#x0A6F][#x0A66-#x0A6F][#x0A66-#x0A6F][#x0A66-#x0A6F][#x0A66-#x0A6F]
|||||||| [#x0AE6-#x0AEF][#x0AE6-#x0AEF][#x0AE6-#x0AEF][#x0AE6-#x0AEF][#x0AE6-#x0AEF][#x0AE6-#x0AEF][#x0AE6-#x0AEF][#x0AE6-#x0AEF]
|||||||| [#x0B66-#x0B6F][#x0B66-#x0B6F][#x0B66-#x0B6F][#x0B66-#x0B6F][#x0B66-#x0B6F][#x0B66-#x0B6F][#x0B66-#x0B6F][#x0B66-#x0B6F]
|||||||| [#x0BE7-#x0BEF][#x0BE7-#x0BEF][#x0BE7-#x0BEF][#x0BE7-#x0BEF][#x0BE7-#x0BEF][#x0BE7-#x0BEF][#x0BE7-#x0BEF][#x0BE7-#x0BEF]
|||||||| [#x0C66-#x0C6F][#x0C66-#x0C6F][#x0C66-#x0C6F][#x0C66-#x0C6F][#x0C66-#x0C6F][#x0C66-#x0C6F][#x0C66-#x0C6F][#x0C66-#x0C6F]
|||||||| [#x0CE6-#x0CEF][#x0CE6-#x0CEF][#x0CE6-#x0CEF][#x0CE6-#x0CEF][#x0CE6-#x0CEF][#x0CE6-#x0CEF][#x0CE6-#x0CEF][#x0CE6-#x0CEF]
|||||||| [#x0D66-#x0D6F][#x0D66-#x0D6F][#x0D66-#x0D6F][#x0D66-#x0D6F][#x0D66-#x0D6F][#x0D66-#x0D6F][#x0D66-#x0D6F][#x0D66-#x0D6F]
|||||||| [#x0E50-#x0E59][#x0E50-#x0E59][#x0E50-#x0E59][#x0E50-#x0E59][#x0E50-#x0E59][#x0E50-#x0E59][#x0E50-#x0E59][#x0E50-#x0E59]
|||||||| [#x0ED0-#x0ED9][#x0ED0-#x0ED9][#x0ED0-#x0ED9][#x0ED0-#x0ED9][#x0ED0-#x0ED9][#x0ED0-#x0ED9][#x0ED0-#x0ED9][#x0ED0-#x0ED9]
|||||||| [#x0F20-#x0F29][#x0F20-#x0F29][#x0F20-#x0F29][#x0F20-#x0F29][#x0F20-#x0F29][#x0F20-#x0F29][#x0F20-#x0F29][#x0F20-#x0F29]
ExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtender#x00B7#x00B7#x00B7#x00B7#x00B7#x00B7#x00B7#x00B7
|||||||| #x02D0#x02D0#x02D0#x02D0#x02D0#x02D0#x02D0#x02D0
|||||||| #x02D1#x02D1#x02D1#x02D1#x02D1#x02D1#x02D1#x02D1
|||||||| #x0387#x0387#x0387#x0387#x0387#x0387#x0387#x0387
|||||||| #x0640#x0640#x0640#x0640#x0640#x0640#x0640#x0640
|||||||| #x0E46#x0E46#x0E46#x0E46#x0E46#x0E46#x0E46#x0E46
|||||||| #x0EC6#x0EC6#x0EC6#x0EC6#x0EC6#x0EC6#x0EC6#x0EC6
|||||||| #x3005#x3005#x3005#x3005#x3005#x3005#x3005#x3005
|||||||| [#x3031-#x3035][#x3031-#x3035][#x3031-#x3035][#x3031-#x3035][#x3031-#x3035][#x3031-#x3035][#x3031-#x3035][#x3031-#x3035]
|||||||| [#x309D-#x309E][#x309D-#x309E][#x309D-#x309E][#x309D-#x309E][#x309D-#x309E][#x309D-#x309E][#x309D-#x309E][#x309D-#x309E]
|||||||| [#x30FC-#x30FE][#x30FC-#x30FE][#x30FC-#x30FE][#x30FC-#x30FE][#x30FC-#x30FE][#x30FC-#x30FE][#x30FC-#x30FE][#x30FC-#x30FE]
The character classes defined here can be derived from theThe character classes defined here can be derived from theThe character classes defined here can be derived from theThe character classes defined here can be derived from theThe character classes defined here can be derived from theThe character classes defined here can be derived from theThe character classes defined here can be derived from theThe character classes defined here can be derived from the
Unicode character database as follows:Unicode character database as follows:Unicode character database as follows:Unicode character database as follows:Unicode character database as follows:Unicode character database as follows:Unicode character database as follows:Unicode character database as follows:
Name start characters must have one of the categories Ll, Lu,Name start characters must have one of the categories Ll, Lu,Name start characters must have one of the categories Ll, Lu,Name start characters must have one of the categories Ll, Lu,Name start characters must have one of the categories Ll, Lu,Name start characters must have one of the categories Ll, Lu,Name start characters must have one of the categories Ll, Lu,Name start characters must have one of the categories Ll, Lu,
Lo, Lt, Nl.Lo, Lt, Nl.Lo, Lt, Nl.Lo, Lt, Nl.Lo, Lt, Nl.Lo, Lt, Nl.Lo, Lt, Nl.Lo, Lt, Nl.
Name characters other than Name-start characters Name characters other than Name-start characters Name characters other than Name-start characters Name characters other than Name-start characters Name characters other than Name-start characters Name characters other than Name-start characters Name characters other than Name-start characters Name characters other than Name-start characters
must have one of the categories Mc, Me, Mn, Lm, or Nd.must have one of the categories Mc, Me, Mn, Lm, or Nd.must have one of the categories Mc, Me, Mn, Lm, or Nd.must have one of the categories Mc, Me, Mn, Lm, or Nd.must have one of the categories Mc, Me, Mn, Lm, or Nd.must have one of the categories Mc, Me, Mn, Lm, or Nd.must have one of the categories Mc, Me, Mn, Lm, or Nd.must have one of the categories Mc, Me, Mn, Lm, or Nd.
Characters in the compatibility area (i.e. with character codeCharacters in the compatibility area (i.e. with character codeCharacters in the compatibility area (i.e. with character codeCharacters in the compatibility area (i.e. with character codeCharacters in the compatibility area (i.e. with character codeCharacters in the compatibility area (i.e. with character codeCharacters in the compatibility area (i.e. with character codeCharacters in the compatibility area (i.e. with character code
greater than #xF900 and less than #xFFFE) are not allowed in XMLgreater than #xF900 and less than #xFFFE) are not allowed in XMLgreater than #xF900 and less than #xFFFE) are not allowed in XMLgreater than #xF900 and less than #xFFFE) are not allowed in XMLgreater than #xF900 and less than #xFFFE) are not allowed in XMLgreater than #xF900 and less than #xFFFE) are not allowed in XMLgreater than #xF900 and less than #xFFFE) are not allowed in XMLgreater than #xF900 and less than #xFFFE) are not allowed in XML
names.names.names.names.names.names.names.names.
Characters which have a font or compatibility decomposition (i.e. thoseCharacters which have a font or compatibility decomposition (i.e. thoseCharacters which have a font or compatibility decomposition (i.e. thoseCharacters which have a font or compatibility decomposition (i.e. thoseCharacters which have a font or compatibility decomposition (i.e. thoseCharacters which have a font or compatibility decomposition (i.e. thoseCharacters which have a font or compatibility decomposition (i.e. thoseCharacters which have a font or compatibility decomposition (i.e. those
with a "compatibility formatting tag" in field 5 of the database --with a "compatibility formatting tag" in field 5 of the database --with a "compatibility formatting tag" in field 5 of the database --with a "compatibility formatting tag" in field 5 of the database --with a "compatibility formatting tag" in field 5 of the database --with a "compatibility formatting tag" in field 5 of the database --with a "compatibility formatting tag" in field 5 of the database --with a "compatibility formatting tag" in field 5 of the database --
marked by field 5 beginning with a "marked by field 5 beginning with a "marked by field 5 beginning with a "marked by field 5 beginning with a "marked by field 5 beginning with a "marked by field 5 beginning with a "marked by field 5 beginning with a "marked by field 5 beginning with a "<<<<<<<<") are not allowed.") are not allowed.") are not allowed.") are not allowed.") are not allowed.") are not allowed.") are not allowed.") are not allowed.
The following characters are treated as name-start charactersThe following characters are treated as name-start charactersThe following characters are treated as name-start charactersThe following characters are treated as name-start charactersThe following characters are treated as name-start charactersThe following characters are treated as name-start charactersThe following characters are treated as name-start charactersThe following characters are treated as name-start characters
rather than name characters, because the property file classifiesrather than name characters, because the property file classifiesrather than name characters, because the property file classifiesrather than name characters, because the property file classifiesrather than name characters, because the property file classifiesrather than name characters, because the property file classifiesrather than name characters, because the property file classifiesrather than name characters, because the property file classifies
them as Alphabetic: [#x02BB-#x02C1], #x0559, #x06E5, #x06E6.them as Alphabetic: [#x02BB-#x02C1], #x0559, #x06E5, #x06E6.them as Alphabetic: [#x02BB-#x02C1], #x0559, #x06E5, #x06E6.them as Alphabetic: [#x02BB-#x02C1], #x0559, #x06E5, #x06E6.them as Alphabetic: [#x02BB-#x02C1], #x0559, #x06E5, #x06E6.them as Alphabetic: [#x02BB-#x02C1], #x0559, #x06E5, #x06E6.them as Alphabetic: [#x02BB-#x02C1], #x0559, #x06E5, #x06E6.them as Alphabetic: [#x02BB-#x02C1], #x0559, #x06E5, #x06E6.
Characters #x20DD-#x20E0 are excluded (in accordance with Characters #x20DD-#x20E0 are excluded (in accordance with Characters #x20DD-#x20E0 are excluded (in accordance with Characters #x20DD-#x20E0 are excluded (in accordance with Characters #x20DD-#x20E0 are excluded (in accordance with Characters #x20DD-#x20E0 are excluded (in accordance with Characters #x20DD-#x20E0 are excluded (in accordance with Characters #x20DD-#x20E0 are excluded (in accordance with
Unicode, section 5.14).Unicode, section 5.14).Unicode, section 5.14).Unicode, section 5.14).Unicode, section 5.14).Unicode, section 5.14).Unicode, section 5.14).Unicode, section 5.14).
Character #x00B7 is classified as an extender, because theCharacter #x00B7 is classified as an extender, because theCharacter #x00B7 is classified as an extender, because theCharacter #x00B7 is classified as an extender, because theCharacter #x00B7 is classified as an extender, because theCharacter #x00B7 is classified as an extender, because theCharacter #x00B7 is classified as an extender, because theCharacter #x00B7 is classified as an extender, because the
property list so identifies it.property list so identifies it.property list so identifies it.property list so identifies it.property list so identifies it.property list so identifies it.property list so identifies it.property list so identifies it.
Character #x0387 is added as a name character, because #x00B7Character #x0387 is added as a name character, because #x00B7Character #x0387 is added as a name character, because #x00B7Character #x0387 is added as a name character, because #x00B7Character #x0387 is added as a name character, because #x00B7Character #x0387 is added as a name character, because #x00B7Character #x0387 is added as a name character, because #x00B7Character #x0387 is added as a name character, because #x00B7
is its canonical equivalent.is its canonical equivalent.is its canonical equivalent.is its canonical equivalent.is its canonical equivalent.is its canonical equivalent.is its canonical equivalent.is its canonical equivalent.
Characters ':' and '_' are allowed as name-start characters.Characters ':' and '_' are allowed as name-start characters.Characters ':' and '_' are allowed as name-start characters.Characters ':' and '_' are allowed as name-start characters.Characters ':' and '_' are allowed as name-start characters.Characters ':' and '_' are allowed as name-start characters.Characters ':' and '_' are allowed as name-start characters.Characters ':' and '_' are allowed as name-start characters.
Characters '-' and '.' are allowed as name characters.Characters '-' and '.' are allowed as name characters.Characters '-' and '.' are allowed as name characters.Characters '-' and '.' are allowed as name characters.Characters '-' and '.' are allowed as name characters.Characters '-' and '.' are allowed as name characters.Characters '-' and '.' are allowed as name characters.Characters '-' and '.' are allowed as name characters.
XML and SGMLXML and SGMLXML and SGMLXML and SGMLXML and SGMLXML and SGMLXML and SGMLXML and SGML
XML is designed to be a subset of SGML, in that everyXML is designed to be a subset of SGML, in that everyXML is designed to be a subset of SGML, in that everyXML is designed to be a subset of SGML, in that everyXML is designed to be a subset of SGML, in that everyXML is designed to be a subset of SGML, in that everyXML is designed to be a subset of SGML, in that everyXML is designed to be a subset of SGML, in that every
validvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalid XML document should also be a XML document should also be a XML document should also be a XML document should also be a XML document should also be a XML document should also be a XML document should also be a XML document should also be a
conformant SGML document.conformant SGML document.conformant SGML document.conformant SGML document.conformant SGML document.conformant SGML document.conformant SGML document.conformant SGML document.
For a detailed comparison of the additional restrictions that XML places onFor a detailed comparison of the additional restrictions that XML places onFor a detailed comparison of the additional restrictions that XML places onFor a detailed comparison of the additional restrictions that XML places onFor a detailed comparison of the additional restrictions that XML places onFor a detailed comparison of the additional restrictions that XML places onFor a detailed comparison of the additional restrictions that XML places onFor a detailed comparison of the additional restrictions that XML places on
documents beyond those of SGML, see documents beyond those of SGML, see documents beyond those of SGML, see documents beyond those of SGML, see documents beyond those of SGML, see documents beyond those of SGML, see documents beyond those of SGML, see documents beyond those of SGML, see ........
Expansion of Entity and Character ReferencesExpansion of Entity and Character ReferencesExpansion of Entity and Character ReferencesExpansion of Entity and Character ReferencesExpansion of Entity and Character ReferencesExpansion of Entity and Character ReferencesExpansion of Entity and Character ReferencesExpansion of Entity and Character References
This appendix contains some examples illustrating theThis appendix contains some examples illustrating theThis appendix contains some examples illustrating theThis appendix contains some examples illustrating theThis appendix contains some examples illustrating theThis appendix contains some examples illustrating theThis appendix contains some examples illustrating theThis appendix contains some examples illustrating the
sequence of entity- and character-reference recognition andsequence of entity- and character-reference recognition andsequence of entity- and character-reference recognition andsequence of entity- and character-reference recognition andsequence of entity- and character-reference recognition andsequence of entity- and character-reference recognition andsequence of entity- and character-reference recognition andsequence of entity- and character-reference recognition and
expansion, as specified in expansion, as specified in expansion, as specified in expansion, as specified in expansion, as specified in expansion, as specified in expansion, as specified in expansion, as specified in ........
If the DTD contains the declaration If the DTD contains the declaration If the DTD contains the declaration If the DTD contains the declaration If the DTD contains the declaration If the DTD contains the declaration If the DTD contains the declaration If the DTD contains the declaration
An ampersand (&) may be escapedAn ampersand (&) may be escapedAn ampersand (&) may be escapedAn ampersand (&) may be escapedAn ampersand (&) may be escapedAn ampersand (&) may be escapedAn ampersand (&) may be escapedAn ampersand (&) may be escaped
numerically (&#38;) or with a general entitynumerically (&#38;) or with a general entitynumerically (&#38;) or with a general entitynumerically (&#38;) or with a general entitynumerically (&#38;) or with a general entitynumerically (&#38;) or with a general entitynumerically (&#38;) or with a general entitynumerically (&#38;) or with a general entity
(&).
" >(&)." >(&)." >(&)." >(&)." >(&)." >(&)." >(&)." >
]]>
then the XML processor will recognize the character references then the XML processor will recognize the character references then the XML processor will recognize the character references then the XML processor will recognize the character references then the XML processor will recognize the character references then the XML processor will recognize the character references then the XML processor will recognize the character references then the XML processor will recognize the character references
when it parses the entity declaration, and resolve them before when it parses the entity declaration, and resolve them before when it parses the entity declaration, and resolve them before when it parses the entity declaration, and resolve them before when it parses the entity declaration, and resolve them before when it parses the entity declaration, and resolve them before when it parses the entity declaration, and resolve them before when it parses the entity declaration, and resolve them before
storing the following string as thestoring the following string as thestoring the following string as thestoring the following string as thestoring the following string as thestoring the following string as thestoring the following string as thestoring the following string as the
value of the entity "value of the entity "value of the entity "value of the entity "value of the entity "value of the entity "value of the entity "value of the entity "exampleexampleexampleexampleexampleexampleexampleexample":":":":":":":":
An ampersand (&) may be escaped
An ampersand (&) may be escaped
An ampersand (&) may be escaped
An ampersand (&) may be escaped
An ampersand (&) may be escaped
An ampersand (&) may be escaped
An ampersand (&) may be escaped
An ampersand (&) may be escaped
numerically (&) or with a general entitynumerically (&) or with a general entitynumerically (&) or with a general entitynumerically (&) or with a general entitynumerically (&) or with a general entitynumerically (&) or with a general entitynumerically (&) or with a general entitynumerically (&) or with a general entity
(&).
(&).(&).(&).(&).(&).(&).(&).
]]>
A reference in the document to "A reference in the document to "A reference in the document to "A reference in the document to "A reference in the document to "A reference in the document to "A reference in the document to "A reference in the document to "&&&&&&&&example;example;example;example;example;example;example;example;" " " " " " " "
will cause the text to be reparsed, at which time the will cause the text to be reparsed, at which time the will cause the text to be reparsed, at which time the will cause the text to be reparsed, at which time the will cause the text to be reparsed, at which time the will cause the text to be reparsed, at which time the will cause the text to be reparsed, at which time the will cause the text to be reparsed, at which time the
start- and end-tags of the "start- and end-tags of the "start- and end-tags of the "start- and end-tags of the "start- and end-tags of the "start- and end-tags of the "start- and end-tags of the "start- and end-tags of the "pppppppp" element will be recognized " element will be recognized " element will be recognized " element will be recognized " element will be recognized " element will be recognized " element will be recognized " element will be recognized
and the three references will be recognized and expanded, and the three references will be recognized and expanded, and the three references will be recognized and expanded, and the three references will be recognized and expanded, and the three references will be recognized and expanded, and the three references will be recognized and expanded, and the three references will be recognized and expanded, and the three references will be recognized and expanded,
resulting in a "resulting in a "resulting in a "resulting in a "resulting in a "resulting in a "resulting in a "resulting in a "pppppppp" element with the following content" element with the following content" element with the following content" element with the following content" element with the following content" element with the following content" element with the following content" element with the following content
(all data, no delimiters or markup):(all data, no delimiters or markup):(all data, no delimiters or markup):(all data, no delimiters or markup):(all data, no delimiters or markup):(all data, no delimiters or markup):(all data, no delimiters or markup):(all data, no delimiters or markup):
A more complex example will illustrate the rules and theirA more complex example will illustrate the rules and theirA more complex example will illustrate the rules and theirA more complex example will illustrate the rules and theirA more complex example will illustrate the rules and theirA more complex example will illustrate the rules and theirA more complex example will illustrate the rules and theirA more complex example will illustrate the rules and their
effects fully. In the following example, the line numbers areeffects fully. In the following example, the line numbers areeffects fully. In the following example, the line numbers areeffects fully. In the following example, the line numbers areeffects fully. In the following example, the line numbers areeffects fully. In the following example, the line numbers areeffects fully. In the following example, the line numbers areeffects fully. In the following example, the line numbers are
solely for reference.solely for reference.solely for reference.solely for reference.solely for reference.solely for reference.solely for reference.solely for reference.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 ' >5 ' >5 ' >5 ' >5 ' >5 ' >5 ' >5 ' >
6 %xx;6 %xx;6 %xx;6 %xx;6 %xx;6 %xx;6 %xx;6 %xx;
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 ]>]>]>]>]>]>]>]>
8 This sample shows a &tricky; method.8 This sample shows a &tricky; method.8 This sample shows a &tricky; method.8 This sample shows a &tricky; method.8 This sample shows a &tricky; method.8 This sample shows a &tricky; method.8 This sample shows a &tricky; method.8 This sample shows a &tricky; method.
]]>
This produces the following:This produces the following:This produces the following:This produces the following:This produces the following:This produces the following:This produces the following:This produces the following:
in line 4, the reference to character 37 is expanded immediately,in line 4, the reference to character 37 is expanded immediately,in line 4, the reference to character 37 is expanded immediately,in line 4, the reference to character 37 is expanded immediately,in line 4, the reference to character 37 is expanded immediately,in line 4, the reference to character 37 is expanded immediately,in line 4, the reference to character 37 is expanded immediately,in line 4, the reference to character 37 is expanded immediately,
and the parameter entity "and the parameter entity "and the parameter entity "and the parameter entity "and the parameter entity "and the parameter entity "and the parameter entity "and the parameter entity "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" is stored in the symbol" is stored in the symbol" is stored in the symbol" is stored in the symbol" is stored in the symbol" is stored in the symbol" is stored in the symbol" is stored in the symbol
table with the value "table with the value "table with the value "table with the value "table with the value "table with the value "table with the value "table with the value "%zz;%zz;%zz;%zz;%zz;%zz;%zz;%zz;". Since the replacement text". Since the replacement text". Since the replacement text". Since the replacement text". Since the replacement text". Since the replacement text". Since the replacement text". Since the replacement text
is not rescanned, the reference to parameter entity "is not rescanned, the reference to parameter entity "is not rescanned, the reference to parameter entity "is not rescanned, the reference to parameter entity "is not rescanned, the reference to parameter entity "is not rescanned, the reference to parameter entity "is not rescanned, the reference to parameter entity "is not rescanned, the reference to parameter entity "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz""""""""
is not recognized. (And it would be an error if it were, sinceis not recognized. (And it would be an error if it were, sinceis not recognized. (And it would be an error if it were, sinceis not recognized. (And it would be an error if it were, sinceis not recognized. (And it would be an error if it were, sinceis not recognized. (And it would be an error if it were, sinceis not recognized. (And it would be an error if it were, sinceis not recognized. (And it would be an error if it were, since
""""""""zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz" is not yet declared.)" is not yet declared.)" is not yet declared.)" is not yet declared.)" is not yet declared.)" is not yet declared.)" is not yet declared.)" is not yet declared.)
in line 5, the character reference "in line 5, the character reference "in line 5, the character reference "in line 5, the character reference "in line 5, the character reference "in line 5, the character reference "in line 5, the character reference "in line 5, the character reference "&&&&&&&<#60;#60;#60;#60;#60;#60;#60;" is" is" is" is" is" is" is" is
expanded immediately and the parameter entity "expanded immediately and the parameter entity "expanded immediately and the parameter entity "expanded immediately and the parameter entity "expanded immediately and the parameter entity "expanded immediately and the parameter entity "expanded immediately and the parameter entity "expanded immediately and the parameter entity "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz" is" is" is" is" is" is" is" is
stored with the replacement text stored with the replacement text stored with the replacement text stored with the replacement text stored with the replacement text stored with the replacement text stored with the replacement text stored with the replacement text
""""""""<<<<<<<<!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >",",",",",",",",
which is a well-formed entity declaration.which is a well-formed entity declaration.which is a well-formed entity declaration.which is a well-formed entity declaration.which is a well-formed entity declaration.which is a well-formed entity declaration.which is a well-formed entity declaration.which is a well-formed entity declaration.
in line 6, the reference to "in line 6, the reference to "in line 6, the reference to "in line 6, the reference to "in line 6, the reference to "in line 6, the reference to "in line 6, the reference to "in line 6, the reference to "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" is recognized," is recognized," is recognized," is recognized," is recognized," is recognized," is recognized," is recognized,
and the replacement text of "and the replacement text of "and the replacement text of "and the replacement text of "and the replacement text of "and the replacement text of "and the replacement text of "and the replacement text of "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" (namely " (namely " (namely " (namely " (namely " (namely " (namely " (namely
""""""""%zz;%zz;%zz;%zz;%zz;%zz;%zz;%zz;") is parsed. The reference to "") is parsed. The reference to "") is parsed. The reference to "") is parsed. The reference to "") is parsed. The reference to "") is parsed. The reference to "") is parsed. The reference to "") is parsed. The reference to "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz""""""""
is recognized in its turn, and its replacement text is recognized in its turn, and its replacement text is recognized in its turn, and its replacement text is recognized in its turn, and its replacement text is recognized in its turn, and its replacement text is recognized in its turn, and its replacement text is recognized in its turn, and its replacement text is recognized in its turn, and its replacement text
("("("("("("("("<<<<<<<<!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >!ENTITY tricky "error-prone" >") is parsed.") is parsed.") is parsed.") is parsed.") is parsed.") is parsed.") is parsed.") is parsed.
The general entity "The general entity "The general entity "The general entity "The general entity "The general entity "The general entity "The general entity "trickytrickytrickytrickytrickytrickytrickytricky" has now been" has now been" has now been" has now been" has now been" has now been" has now been" has now been
declared, with the replacement text "declared, with the replacement text "declared, with the replacement text "declared, with the replacement text "declared, with the replacement text "declared, with the replacement text "declared, with the replacement text "declared, with the replacement text "error-proneerror-proneerror-proneerror-proneerror-proneerror-proneerror-proneerror-prone".".".".".".".".
in line 8, the reference to the general entity "in line 8, the reference to the general entity "in line 8, the reference to the general entity "in line 8, the reference to the general entity "in line 8, the reference to the general entity "in line 8, the reference to the general entity "in line 8, the reference to the general entity "in line 8, the reference to the general entity "trickytrickytrickytrickytrickytrickytrickytricky" is" is" is" is" is" is" is" is
recognized, and it is expanded, so the full content of therecognized, and it is expanded, so the full content of therecognized, and it is expanded, so the full content of therecognized, and it is expanded, so the full content of therecognized, and it is expanded, so the full content of therecognized, and it is expanded, so the full content of therecognized, and it is expanded, so the full content of therecognized, and it is expanded, so the full content of the
""""""""testtesttesttesttesttesttesttest" element is the self-describing (and ungrammatical) string" element is the self-describing (and ungrammatical) string" element is the self-describing (and ungrammatical) string" element is the self-describing (and ungrammatical) string" element is the self-describing (and ungrammatical) string" element is the self-describing (and ungrammatical) string" element is the self-describing (and ungrammatical) string" element is the self-describing (and ungrammatical) string
This sample shows a error-prone method.This sample shows a error-prone method.This sample shows a error-prone method.This sample shows a error-prone method.This sample shows a error-prone method.This sample shows a error-prone method.This sample shows a error-prone method.This sample shows a error-prone method.
For compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibility, it is, it is, it is, it is, it is, it is, it is, it is
requiredrequiredrequiredrequiredrequiredrequiredrequiredrequired
that content models in element type declarations be deterministic. that content models in element type declarations be deterministic. that content models in element type declarations be deterministic. that content models in element type declarations be deterministic. that content models in element type declarations be deterministic. that content models in element type declarations be deterministic. that content models in element type declarations be deterministic. that content models in element type declarations be deterministic.
SGMLSGMLSGMLSGMLSGMLSGMLSGMLSGML
requires deterministic content models (it calls themrequires deterministic content models (it calls themrequires deterministic content models (it calls themrequires deterministic content models (it calls themrequires deterministic content models (it calls themrequires deterministic content models (it calls themrequires deterministic content models (it calls themrequires deterministic content models (it calls them
"unambiguous"); XML processors built using SGML systems may"unambiguous"); XML processors built using SGML systems may"unambiguous"); XML processors built using SGML systems may"unambiguous"); XML processors built using SGML systems may"unambiguous"); XML processors built using SGML systems may"unambiguous"); XML processors built using SGML systems may"unambiguous"); XML processors built using SGML systems may"unambiguous"); XML processors built using SGML systems may
flag non-deterministic content models as errors.flag non-deterministic content models as errors.flag non-deterministic content models as errors.flag non-deterministic content models as errors.flag non-deterministic content models as errors.flag non-deterministic content models as errors.flag non-deterministic content models as errors.flag non-deterministic content models as errors.
For example, the content model For example, the content model For example, the content model For example, the content model For example, the content model For example, the content model For example, the content model For example, the content model ((b, c) | (b, d))((b, c) | (b, d))((b, c) | (b, d))((b, c) | (b, d))((b, c) | (b, d))((b, c) | (b, d))((b, c) | (b, d))((b, c) | (b, d)) is is is is is is is is
non-deterministic, because given an initial non-deterministic, because given an initial non-deterministic, because given an initial non-deterministic, because given an initial non-deterministic, because given an initial non-deterministic, because given an initial non-deterministic, because given an initial non-deterministic, because given an initial bbbbbbbb the parser the parser the parser the parser the parser the parser the parser the parser
cannot know which cannot know which cannot know which cannot know which cannot know which cannot know which cannot know which cannot know which bbbbbbbb in the model is being matched without in the model is being matched without in the model is being matched without in the model is being matched without in the model is being matched without in the model is being matched without in the model is being matched without in the model is being matched without
looking ahead to see which element follows the looking ahead to see which element follows the looking ahead to see which element follows the looking ahead to see which element follows the looking ahead to see which element follows the looking ahead to see which element follows the looking ahead to see which element follows the looking ahead to see which element follows the bbbbbbbb........
In this case, the two references toIn this case, the two references toIn this case, the two references toIn this case, the two references toIn this case, the two references toIn this case, the two references toIn this case, the two references toIn this case, the two references to
bbbbbbbb can be collapsed can be collapsed can be collapsed can be collapsed can be collapsed can be collapsed can be collapsed can be collapsed
into a single reference, making the model readinto a single reference, making the model readinto a single reference, making the model readinto a single reference, making the model readinto a single reference, making the model readinto a single reference, making the model readinto a single reference, making the model readinto a single reference, making the model read
(b, (c | d))(b, (c | d))(b, (c | d))(b, (c | d))(b, (c | d))(b, (c | d))(b, (c | d))(b, (c | d)). An initial . An initial . An initial . An initial . An initial . An initial . An initial . An initial bbbbbbbb now clearly now clearly now clearly now clearly now clearly now clearly now clearly now clearly
matches only a single name in the content model. The parser doesn'tmatches only a single name in the content model. The parser doesn'tmatches only a single name in the content model. The parser doesn'tmatches only a single name in the content model. The parser doesn'tmatches only a single name in the content model. The parser doesn'tmatches only a single name in the content model. The parser doesn'tmatches only a single name in the content model. The parser doesn'tmatches only a single name in the content model. The parser doesn't
need to look ahead to see what follows; either need to look ahead to see what follows; either need to look ahead to see what follows; either need to look ahead to see what follows; either need to look ahead to see what follows; either need to look ahead to see what follows; either need to look ahead to see what follows; either need to look ahead to see what follows; either cccccccc or or or or or or or or
dddddddd would be accepted. would be accepted. would be accepted. would be accepted. would be accepted. would be accepted. would be accepted. would be accepted.
More formally: a finite state automaton may be constructed from theMore formally: a finite state automaton may be constructed from theMore formally: a finite state automaton may be constructed from theMore formally: a finite state automaton may be constructed from theMore formally: a finite state automaton may be constructed from theMore formally: a finite state automaton may be constructed from theMore formally: a finite state automaton may be constructed from theMore formally: a finite state automaton may be constructed from the
content model using the standard algorithms, e.g. algorithm 3.5 content model using the standard algorithms, e.g. algorithm 3.5 content model using the standard algorithms, e.g. algorithm 3.5 content model using the standard algorithms, e.g. algorithm 3.5 content model using the standard algorithms, e.g. algorithm 3.5 content model using the standard algorithms, e.g. algorithm 3.5 content model using the standard algorithms, e.g. algorithm 3.5 content model using the standard algorithms, e.g. algorithm 3.5
in section 3.9in section 3.9in section 3.9in section 3.9in section 3.9in section 3.9in section 3.9in section 3.9
of Aho, Sethi, and Ullman of Aho, Sethi, and Ullman of Aho, Sethi, and Ullman of Aho, Sethi, and Ullman of Aho, Sethi, and Ullman of Aho, Sethi, and Ullman of Aho, Sethi, and Ullman of Aho, Sethi, and Ullman ........
In many such algorithms, a follow set is constructed for each In many such algorithms, a follow set is constructed for each In many such algorithms, a follow set is constructed for each In many such algorithms, a follow set is constructed for each In many such algorithms, a follow set is constructed for each In many such algorithms, a follow set is constructed for each In many such algorithms, a follow set is constructed for each In many such algorithms, a follow set is constructed for each
position in the regular expression (i.e., each leaf position in the regular expression (i.e., each leaf position in the regular expression (i.e., each leaf position in the regular expression (i.e., each leaf position in the regular expression (i.e., each leaf position in the regular expression (i.e., each leaf position in the regular expression (i.e., each leaf position in the regular expression (i.e., each leaf
node in the node in the node in the node in the node in the node in the node in the node in the
syntax tree for the regular expression);syntax tree for the regular expression);syntax tree for the regular expression);syntax tree for the regular expression);syntax tree for the regular expression);syntax tree for the regular expression);syntax tree for the regular expression);syntax tree for the regular expression);
if any position has a follow set in which if any position has a follow set in which if any position has a follow set in which if any position has a follow set in which if any position has a follow set in which if any position has a follow set in which if any position has a follow set in which if any position has a follow set in which
more than one following position is more than one following position is more than one following position is more than one following position is more than one following position is more than one following position is more than one following position is more than one following position is
labeled with the same element type name, labeled with the same element type name, labeled with the same element type name, labeled with the same element type name, labeled with the same element type name, labeled with the same element type name, labeled with the same element type name, labeled with the same element type name,
then the content model is in errorthen the content model is in errorthen the content model is in errorthen the content model is in errorthen the content model is in errorthen the content model is in errorthen the content model is in errorthen the content model is in error
and may be reported as an error.and may be reported as an error.and may be reported as an error.and may be reported as an error.and may be reported as an error.and may be reported as an error.and may be reported as an error.and may be reported as an error.
Algorithms exist which allow many but not all non-deterministicAlgorithms exist which allow many but not all non-deterministicAlgorithms exist which allow many but not all non-deterministicAlgorithms exist which allow many but not all non-deterministicAlgorithms exist which allow many but not all non-deterministicAlgorithms exist which allow many but not all non-deterministicAlgorithms exist which allow many but not all non-deterministicAlgorithms exist which allow many but not all non-deterministic
content models to be reduced automatically to equivalent deterministiccontent models to be reduced automatically to equivalent deterministiccontent models to be reduced automatically to equivalent deterministiccontent models to be reduced automatically to equivalent deterministiccontent models to be reduced automatically to equivalent deterministiccontent models to be reduced automatically to equivalent deterministiccontent models to be reduced automatically to equivalent deterministiccontent models to be reduced automatically to equivalent deterministic
models; see Brüggemann-Klein 1991 models; see Brüggemann-Klein 1991 models; see Brüggemann-Klein 1991 models; see Brüggemann-Klein 1991 models; see Brüggemann-Klein 1991 models; see Brüggemann-Klein 1991 models; see Brüggemann-Klein 1991 models; see Brüggemann-Klein 1991 ........
Autodetection of Character EncodingsAutodetection of Character EncodingsAutodetection of Character EncodingsAutodetection of Character EncodingsAutodetection of Character EncodingsAutodetection of Character EncodingsAutodetection of Character EncodingsAutodetection of Character Encodings
The XML encoding declaration functions as an internal label on eachThe XML encoding declaration functions as an internal label on eachThe XML encoding declaration functions as an internal label on eachThe XML encoding declaration functions as an internal label on eachThe XML encoding declaration functions as an internal label on eachThe XML encoding declaration functions as an internal label on eachThe XML encoding declaration functions as an internal label on eachThe XML encoding declaration functions as an internal label on each
entity, indicating which character encoding is in use. Before an XMLentity, indicating which character encoding is in use. Before an XMLentity, indicating which character encoding is in use. Before an XMLentity, indicating which character encoding is in use. Before an XMLentity, indicating which character encoding is in use. Before an XMLentity, indicating which character encoding is in use. Before an XMLentity, indicating which character encoding is in use. Before an XMLentity, indicating which character encoding is in use. Before an XML
processor can read the internal label, however, it apparently has toprocessor can read the internal label, however, it apparently has toprocessor can read the internal label, however, it apparently has toprocessor can read the internal label, however, it apparently has toprocessor can read the internal label, however, it apparently has toprocessor can read the internal label, however, it apparently has toprocessor can read the internal label, however, it apparently has toprocessor can read the internal label, however, it apparently has to
know what character encoding is in useknow what character encoding is in useknow what character encoding is in useknow what character encoding is in useknow what character encoding is in useknow what character encoding is in useknow what character encoding is in useknow what character encoding is in use----------------which is what the internal labelwhich is what the internal labelwhich is what the internal labelwhich is what the internal labelwhich is what the internal labelwhich is what the internal labelwhich is what the internal labelwhich is what the internal label
is trying to indicate. In the general case, this is a hopelessis trying to indicate. In the general case, this is a hopelessis trying to indicate. In the general case, this is a hopelessis trying to indicate. In the general case, this is a hopelessis trying to indicate. In the general case, this is a hopelessis trying to indicate. In the general case, this is a hopelessis trying to indicate. In the general case, this is a hopelessis trying to indicate. In the general case, this is a hopeless
situation. It is not entirely hopeless in XML, however, because XMLsituation. It is not entirely hopeless in XML, however, because XMLsituation. It is not entirely hopeless in XML, however, because XMLsituation. It is not entirely hopeless in XML, however, because XMLsituation. It is not entirely hopeless in XML, however, because XMLsituation. It is not entirely hopeless in XML, however, because XMLsituation. It is not entirely hopeless in XML, however, because XMLsituation. It is not entirely hopeless in XML, however, because XML
limits the general case in two ways: each implementation is assumedlimits the general case in two ways: each implementation is assumedlimits the general case in two ways: each implementation is assumedlimits the general case in two ways: each implementation is assumedlimits the general case in two ways: each implementation is assumedlimits the general case in two ways: each implementation is assumedlimits the general case in two ways: each implementation is assumedlimits the general case in two ways: each implementation is assumed
to support only a finite set of character encodings, and the XMLto support only a finite set of character encodings, and the XMLto support only a finite set of character encodings, and the XMLto support only a finite set of character encodings, and the XMLto support only a finite set of character encodings, and the XMLto support only a finite set of character encodings, and the XMLto support only a finite set of character encodings, and the XMLto support only a finite set of character encodings, and the XML
encoding declaration is restricted in position and content in order toencoding declaration is restricted in position and content in order toencoding declaration is restricted in position and content in order toencoding declaration is restricted in position and content in order toencoding declaration is restricted in position and content in order toencoding declaration is restricted in position and content in order toencoding declaration is restricted in position and content in order toencoding declaration is restricted in position and content in order to
make it feasible to autodetect the character encoding in use in eachmake it feasible to autodetect the character encoding in use in eachmake it feasible to autodetect the character encoding in use in eachmake it feasible to autodetect the character encoding in use in eachmake it feasible to autodetect the character encoding in use in eachmake it feasible to autodetect the character encoding in use in eachmake it feasible to autodetect the character encoding in use in eachmake it feasible to autodetect the character encoding in use in each
entity in normal cases. Also, in many cases other sources of informationentity in normal cases. Also, in many cases other sources of informationentity in normal cases. Also, in many cases other sources of informationentity in normal cases. Also, in many cases other sources of informationentity in normal cases. Also, in many cases other sources of informationentity in normal cases. Also, in many cases other sources of informationentity in normal cases. Also, in many cases other sources of informationentity in normal cases. Also, in many cases other sources of information
are available in addition to the XML data stream itself. are available in addition to the XML data stream itself. are available in addition to the XML data stream itself. are available in addition to the XML data stream itself. are available in addition to the XML data stream itself. are available in addition to the XML data stream itself. are available in addition to the XML data stream itself. are available in addition to the XML data stream itself.
Two cases may be distinguished, Two cases may be distinguished, Two cases may be distinguished, Two cases may be distinguished, Two cases may be distinguished, Two cases may be distinguished, Two cases may be distinguished, Two cases may be distinguished,
depending on whether the XML entity is presented to thedepending on whether the XML entity is presented to thedepending on whether the XML entity is presented to thedepending on whether the XML entity is presented to thedepending on whether the XML entity is presented to thedepending on whether the XML entity is presented to thedepending on whether the XML entity is presented to thedepending on whether the XML entity is presented to the
processor without, or with, any accompanyingprocessor without, or with, any accompanyingprocessor without, or with, any accompanyingprocessor without, or with, any accompanyingprocessor without, or with, any accompanyingprocessor without, or with, any accompanyingprocessor without, or with, any accompanyingprocessor without, or with, any accompanying
(external) information. We consider the first case first.(external) information. We consider the first case first.(external) information. We consider the first case first.(external) information. We consider the first case first.(external) information. We consider the first case first.(external) information. We consider the first case first.(external) information. We consider the first case first.(external) information. We consider the first case first.
Because each XML entity not in UTF-8 or UTF-16 format Because each XML entity not in UTF-8 or UTF-16 format Because each XML entity not in UTF-8 or UTF-16 format Because each XML entity not in UTF-8 or UTF-16 format Because each XML entity not in UTF-8 or UTF-16 format Because each XML entity not in UTF-8 or UTF-16 format Because each XML entity not in UTF-8 or UTF-16 format Because each XML entity not in UTF-8 or UTF-16 format mustmustmustmustmustmustmustmust
begin with an XML encoding declaration, in which the first charactersbegin with an XML encoding declaration, in which the first charactersbegin with an XML encoding declaration, in which the first charactersbegin with an XML encoding declaration, in which the first charactersbegin with an XML encoding declaration, in which the first charactersbegin with an XML encoding declaration, in which the first charactersbegin with an XML encoding declaration, in which the first charactersbegin with an XML encoding declaration, in which the first characters
must be 'must be 'must be 'must be 'must be 'must be 'must be 'must be '<<<<<<<<?xml?xml?xml?xml?xml?xml?xml?xml', any conforming processor can detect,', any conforming processor can detect,', any conforming processor can detect,', any conforming processor can detect,', any conforming processor can detect,', any conforming processor can detect,', any conforming processor can detect,', any conforming processor can detect,
after two to four octets of input, which of the following cases apply. after two to four octets of input, which of the following cases apply. after two to four octets of input, which of the following cases apply. after two to four octets of input, which of the following cases apply. after two to four octets of input, which of the following cases apply. after two to four octets of input, which of the following cases apply. after two to four octets of input, which of the following cases apply. after two to four octets of input, which of the following cases apply.
In reading this list, it may help to know that in UCS-4, 'In reading this list, it may help to know that in UCS-4, 'In reading this list, it may help to know that in UCS-4, 'In reading this list, it may help to know that in UCS-4, 'In reading this list, it may help to know that in UCS-4, 'In reading this list, it may help to know that in UCS-4, 'In reading this list, it may help to know that in UCS-4, 'In reading this list, it may help to know that in UCS-4, '<<<<<<<<' is' is' is' is' is' is' is' is
""""""""#x0000003C#x0000003C#x0000003C#x0000003C#x0000003C#x0000003C#x0000003C#x0000003C" and '?' is "" and '?' is "" and '?' is "" and '?' is "" and '?' is "" and '?' is "" and '?' is "" and '?' is "#x0000003F#x0000003F#x0000003F#x0000003F#x0000003F#x0000003F#x0000003F#x0000003F", and the Byte", and the Byte", and the Byte", and the Byte", and the Byte", and the Byte", and the Byte", and the Byte
Order Mark required of UTF-16 data streams is "Order Mark required of UTF-16 data streams is "Order Mark required of UTF-16 data streams is "Order Mark required of UTF-16 data streams is "Order Mark required of UTF-16 data streams is "Order Mark required of UTF-16 data streams is "Order Mark required of UTF-16 data streams is "Order Mark required of UTF-16 data streams is "#xFEFF#xFEFF#xFEFF#xFEFF#xFEFF#xFEFF#xFEFF#xFEFF".".".".".".".".
00 3C 00 3F00 3C 00 3F00 3C 00 3F00 3C 00 3F00 3C 00 3F00 3C 00 3F00 3C 00 3F00 3C 00 3F: UTF-16, big-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, big-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, big-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, big-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, big-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, big-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, big-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, big-endian, no Byte Order Mark
(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)
3C 00 3F 003C 00 3F 003C 00 3F 003C 00 3F 003C 00 3F 003C 00 3F 003C 00 3F 003C 00 3F 00: UTF-16, little-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, little-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, little-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, little-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, little-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, little-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, little-endian, no Byte Order Mark: UTF-16, little-endian, no Byte Order Mark
(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)(and thus, strictly speaking, in error)
3C 3F 78 6D3C 3F 78 6D3C 3F 78 6D3C 3F 78 6D3C 3F 78 6D3C 3F 78 6D3C 3F 78 6D3C 3F 78 6D: UTF-8, ISO 646, ASCII, some part of ISO 8859, : UTF-8, ISO 646, ASCII, some part of ISO 8859, : UTF-8, ISO 646, ASCII, some part of ISO 8859, : UTF-8, ISO 646, ASCII, some part of ISO 8859, : UTF-8, ISO 646, ASCII, some part of ISO 8859, : UTF-8, ISO 646, ASCII, some part of ISO 8859, : UTF-8, ISO 646, ASCII, some part of ISO 8859, : UTF-8, ISO 646, ASCII, some part of ISO 8859,
Shift-JIS, EUC, or any other 7-bit, 8-bit, or mixed-width encodingShift-JIS, EUC, or any other 7-bit, 8-bit, or mixed-width encodingShift-JIS, EUC, or any other 7-bit, 8-bit, or mixed-width encodingShift-JIS, EUC, or any other 7-bit, 8-bit, or mixed-width encodingShift-JIS, EUC, or any other 7-bit, 8-bit, or mixed-width encodingShift-JIS, EUC, or any other 7-bit, 8-bit, or mixed-width encodingShift-JIS, EUC, or any other 7-bit, 8-bit, or mixed-width encodingShift-JIS, EUC, or any other 7-bit, 8-bit, or mixed-width encoding
which ensures that the characters of ASCII have their normal positions,which ensures that the characters of ASCII have their normal positions,which ensures that the characters of ASCII have their normal positions,which ensures that the characters of ASCII have their normal positions,which ensures that the characters of ASCII have their normal positions,which ensures that the characters of ASCII have their normal positions,which ensures that the characters of ASCII have their normal positions,which ensures that the characters of ASCII have their normal positions,
width,width,width,width,width,width,width,width,
and values; the actual encoding declaration must be read to and values; the actual encoding declaration must be read to and values; the actual encoding declaration must be read to and values; the actual encoding declaration must be read to and values; the actual encoding declaration must be read to and values; the actual encoding declaration must be read to and values; the actual encoding declaration must be read to and values; the actual encoding declaration must be read to
detect which of these applies, but since all of these encodingsdetect which of these applies, but since all of these encodingsdetect which of these applies, but since all of these encodingsdetect which of these applies, but since all of these encodingsdetect which of these applies, but since all of these encodingsdetect which of these applies, but since all of these encodingsdetect which of these applies, but since all of these encodingsdetect which of these applies, but since all of these encodings
use the same bit patterns for the ASCII characters, the encoding use the same bit patterns for the ASCII characters, the encoding use the same bit patterns for the ASCII characters, the encoding use the same bit patterns for the ASCII characters, the encoding use the same bit patterns for the ASCII characters, the encoding use the same bit patterns for the ASCII characters, the encoding use the same bit patterns for the ASCII characters, the encoding use the same bit patterns for the ASCII characters, the encoding
declaration itself may be read reliablydeclaration itself may be read reliablydeclaration itself may be read reliablydeclaration itself may be read reliablydeclaration itself may be read reliablydeclaration itself may be read reliablydeclaration itself may be read reliablydeclaration itself may be read reliably
4C 6F A7 944C 6F A7 944C 6F A7 944C 6F A7 944C 6F A7 944C 6F A7 944C 6F A7 944C 6F A7 94: EBCDIC (in some flavor; the full: EBCDIC (in some flavor; the full: EBCDIC (in some flavor; the full: EBCDIC (in some flavor; the full: EBCDIC (in some flavor; the full: EBCDIC (in some flavor; the full: EBCDIC (in some flavor; the full: EBCDIC (in some flavor; the full
encoding declaration must be read to tell which code page is in encoding declaration must be read to tell which code page is in encoding declaration must be read to tell which code page is in encoding declaration must be read to tell which code page is in encoding declaration must be read to tell which code page is in encoding declaration must be read to tell which code page is in encoding declaration must be read to tell which code page is in encoding declaration must be read to tell which code page is in
use)use)use)use)use)use)use)use)
other: UTF-8 without an encoding declaration, or else other: UTF-8 without an encoding declaration, or else other: UTF-8 without an encoding declaration, or else other: UTF-8 without an encoding declaration, or else other: UTF-8 without an encoding declaration, or else other: UTF-8 without an encoding declaration, or else other: UTF-8 without an encoding declaration, or else other: UTF-8 without an encoding declaration, or else
the data stream is corrupt, fragmentary, or enclosed inthe data stream is corrupt, fragmentary, or enclosed inthe data stream is corrupt, fragmentary, or enclosed inthe data stream is corrupt, fragmentary, or enclosed inthe data stream is corrupt, fragmentary, or enclosed inthe data stream is corrupt, fragmentary, or enclosed inthe data stream is corrupt, fragmentary, or enclosed inthe data stream is corrupt, fragmentary, or enclosed in
a wrapper of some kinda wrapper of some kinda wrapper of some kinda wrapper of some kinda wrapper of some kinda wrapper of some kinda wrapper of some kinda wrapper of some kind
This level of autodetection is enough to read the XML encodingThis level of autodetection is enough to read the XML encodingThis level of autodetection is enough to read the XML encodingThis level of autodetection is enough to read the XML encodingThis level of autodetection is enough to read the XML encodingThis level of autodetection is enough to read the XML encodingThis level of autodetection is enough to read the XML encodingThis level of autodetection is enough to read the XML encoding
declaration and parse the character-encoding identifier, which isdeclaration and parse the character-encoding identifier, which isdeclaration and parse the character-encoding identifier, which isdeclaration and parse the character-encoding identifier, which isdeclaration and parse the character-encoding identifier, which isdeclaration and parse the character-encoding identifier, which isdeclaration and parse the character-encoding identifier, which isdeclaration and parse the character-encoding identifier, which is
still necessary to distinguish the individual members of each familystill necessary to distinguish the individual members of each familystill necessary to distinguish the individual members of each familystill necessary to distinguish the individual members of each familystill necessary to distinguish the individual members of each familystill necessary to distinguish the individual members of each familystill necessary to distinguish the individual members of each familystill necessary to distinguish the individual members of each family
of encodings (e.g. to tell UTF-8 from 8859, and the parts of 8859of encodings (e.g. to tell UTF-8 from 8859, and the parts of 8859of encodings (e.g. to tell UTF-8 from 8859, and the parts of 8859of encodings (e.g. to tell UTF-8 from 8859, and the parts of 8859of encodings (e.g. to tell UTF-8 from 8859, and the parts of 8859of encodings (e.g. to tell UTF-8 from 8859, and the parts of 8859of encodings (e.g. to tell UTF-8 from 8859, and the parts of 8859of encodings (e.g. to tell UTF-8 from 8859, and the parts of 8859
from each other, or to distinguish the specific EBCDIC code page infrom each other, or to distinguish the specific EBCDIC code page infrom each other, or to distinguish the specific EBCDIC code page infrom each other, or to distinguish the specific EBCDIC code page infrom each other, or to distinguish the specific EBCDIC code page infrom each other, or to distinguish the specific EBCDIC code page infrom each other, or to distinguish the specific EBCDIC code page infrom each other, or to distinguish the specific EBCDIC code page in
use, and so on).use, and so on).use, and so on).use, and so on).use, and so on).use, and so on).use, and so on).use, and so on).
Because the contents of the encoding declaration are restricted toBecause the contents of the encoding declaration are restricted toBecause the contents of the encoding declaration are restricted toBecause the contents of the encoding declaration are restricted toBecause the contents of the encoding declaration are restricted toBecause the contents of the encoding declaration are restricted toBecause the contents of the encoding declaration are restricted toBecause the contents of the encoding declaration are restricted to
ASCII characters, a processor can reliably read the entire encodingASCII characters, a processor can reliably read the entire encodingASCII characters, a processor can reliably read the entire encodingASCII characters, a processor can reliably read the entire encodingASCII characters, a processor can reliably read the entire encodingASCII characters, a processor can reliably read the entire encodingASCII characters, a processor can reliably read the entire encodingASCII characters, a processor can reliably read the entire encoding
declaration as soon as it has detected which family of encodings is indeclaration as soon as it has detected which family of encodings is indeclaration as soon as it has detected which family of encodings is indeclaration as soon as it has detected which family of encodings is indeclaration as soon as it has detected which family of encodings is indeclaration as soon as it has detected which family of encodings is indeclaration as soon as it has detected which family of encodings is indeclaration as soon as it has detected which family of encodings is in
use. Since in practice, all widely used character encodings fall intouse. Since in practice, all widely used character encodings fall intouse. Since in practice, all widely used character encodings fall intouse. Since in practice, all widely used character encodings fall intouse. Since in practice, all widely used character encodings fall intouse. Since in practice, all widely used character encodings fall intouse. Since in practice, all widely used character encodings fall intouse. Since in practice, all widely used character encodings fall into
one of the categories above, the XML encoding declaration allowsone of the categories above, the XML encoding declaration allowsone of the categories above, the XML encoding declaration allowsone of the categories above, the XML encoding declaration allowsone of the categories above, the XML encoding declaration allowsone of the categories above, the XML encoding declaration allowsone of the categories above, the XML encoding declaration allowsone of the categories above, the XML encoding declaration allows
reasonably reliable in-band labeling of character encodings, even whenreasonably reliable in-band labeling of character encodings, even whenreasonably reliable in-band labeling of character encodings, even whenreasonably reliable in-band labeling of character encodings, even whenreasonably reliable in-band labeling of character encodings, even whenreasonably reliable in-band labeling of character encodings, even whenreasonably reliable in-band labeling of character encodings, even whenreasonably reliable in-band labeling of character encodings, even when
external sources of information at the operating-system orexternal sources of information at the operating-system orexternal sources of information at the operating-system orexternal sources of information at the operating-system orexternal sources of information at the operating-system orexternal sources of information at the operating-system orexternal sources of information at the operating-system orexternal sources of information at the operating-system or
transport-protocol level are unreliable.transport-protocol level are unreliable.transport-protocol level are unreliable.transport-protocol level are unreliable.transport-protocol level are unreliable.transport-protocol level are unreliable.transport-protocol level are unreliable.transport-protocol level are unreliable.
Once the processor has detected the character encoding in use, it canOnce the processor has detected the character encoding in use, it canOnce the processor has detected the character encoding in use, it canOnce the processor has detected the character encoding in use, it canOnce the processor has detected the character encoding in use, it canOnce the processor has detected the character encoding in use, it canOnce the processor has detected the character encoding in use, it canOnce the processor has detected the character encoding in use, it can
act appropriately, whether by invoking a separate input routine foract appropriately, whether by invoking a separate input routine foract appropriately, whether by invoking a separate input routine foract appropriately, whether by invoking a separate input routine foract appropriately, whether by invoking a separate input routine foract appropriately, whether by invoking a separate input routine foract appropriately, whether by invoking a separate input routine foract appropriately, whether by invoking a separate input routine for
each case, or by calling the proper conversion function on eacheach case, or by calling the proper conversion function on eacheach case, or by calling the proper conversion function on eacheach case, or by calling the proper conversion function on eacheach case, or by calling the proper conversion function on eacheach case, or by calling the proper conversion function on eacheach case, or by calling the proper conversion function on eacheach case, or by calling the proper conversion function on each
character of input. character of input. character of input. character of input. character of input. character of input. character of input. character of input.
Like any self-labeling system, the XML encoding declaration will notLike any self-labeling system, the XML encoding declaration will notLike any self-labeling system, the XML encoding declaration will notLike any self-labeling system, the XML encoding declaration will notLike any self-labeling system, the XML encoding declaration will notLike any self-labeling system, the XML encoding declaration will notLike any self-labeling system, the XML encoding declaration will notLike any self-labeling system, the XML encoding declaration will not
work if any software changes the entity's character set or encodingwork if any software changes the entity's character set or encodingwork if any software changes the entity's character set or encodingwork if any software changes the entity's character set or encodingwork if any software changes the entity's character set or encodingwork if any software changes the entity's character set or encodingwork if any software changes the entity's character set or encodingwork if any software changes the entity's character set or encoding
without updating the encoding declaration. Implementors ofwithout updating the encoding declaration. Implementors ofwithout updating the encoding declaration. Implementors ofwithout updating the encoding declaration. Implementors ofwithout updating the encoding declaration. Implementors ofwithout updating the encoding declaration. Implementors ofwithout updating the encoding declaration. Implementors ofwithout updating the encoding declaration. Implementors of
character-encoding routines should be careful to ensure the accuracycharacter-encoding routines should be careful to ensure the accuracycharacter-encoding routines should be careful to ensure the accuracycharacter-encoding routines should be careful to ensure the accuracycharacter-encoding routines should be careful to ensure the accuracycharacter-encoding routines should be careful to ensure the accuracycharacter-encoding routines should be careful to ensure the accuracycharacter-encoding routines should be careful to ensure the accuracy
of the internal and external information used to label the entity.of the internal and external information used to label the entity.of the internal and external information used to label the entity.of the internal and external information used to label the entity.of the internal and external information used to label the entity.of the internal and external information used to label the entity.of the internal and external information used to label the entity.of the internal and external information used to label the entity.
The second possible case occurs when the XML entity is accompaniedThe second possible case occurs when the XML entity is accompaniedThe second possible case occurs when the XML entity is accompaniedThe second possible case occurs when the XML entity is accompaniedThe second possible case occurs when the XML entity is accompaniedThe second possible case occurs when the XML entity is accompaniedThe second possible case occurs when the XML entity is accompaniedThe second possible case occurs when the XML entity is accompanied
by encoding information, as in some file systems and some networkby encoding information, as in some file systems and some networkby encoding information, as in some file systems and some networkby encoding information, as in some file systems and some networkby encoding information, as in some file systems and some networkby encoding information, as in some file systems and some networkby encoding information, as in some file systems and some networkby encoding information, as in some file systems and some network
protocols.protocols.protocols.protocols.protocols.protocols.protocols.protocols.
When multiple sources of information are available,When multiple sources of information are available,When multiple sources of information are available,When multiple sources of information are available,When multiple sources of information are available,When multiple sources of information are available,When multiple sources of information are available,When multiple sources of information are available,
their relativetheir relativetheir relativetheir relativetheir relativetheir relativetheir relativetheir relative
priority and the preferred method of handling conflict should bepriority and the preferred method of handling conflict should bepriority and the preferred method of handling conflict should bepriority and the preferred method of handling conflict should bepriority and the preferred method of handling conflict should bepriority and the preferred method of handling conflict should bepriority and the preferred method of handling conflict should bepriority and the preferred method of handling conflict should be
specified as part of the higher-level protocol used to deliver XML.specified as part of the higher-level protocol used to deliver XML.specified as part of the higher-level protocol used to deliver XML.specified as part of the higher-level protocol used to deliver XML.specified as part of the higher-level protocol used to deliver XML.specified as part of the higher-level protocol used to deliver XML.specified as part of the higher-level protocol used to deliver XML.specified as part of the higher-level protocol used to deliver XML.
Rules for the relative priority of the internal label and theRules for the relative priority of the internal label and theRules for the relative priority of the internal label and theRules for the relative priority of the internal label and theRules for the relative priority of the internal label and theRules for the relative priority of the internal label and theRules for the relative priority of the internal label and theRules for the relative priority of the internal label and the
MIME-type label in an external header, for example, should be part of theMIME-type label in an external header, for example, should be part of theMIME-type label in an external header, for example, should be part of theMIME-type label in an external header, for example, should be part of theMIME-type label in an external header, for example, should be part of theMIME-type label in an external header, for example, should be part of theMIME-type label in an external header, for example, should be part of theMIME-type label in an external header, for example, should be part of the
RFC document defining the text/xml and application/xml MIME types. InRFC document defining the text/xml and application/xml MIME types. InRFC document defining the text/xml and application/xml MIME types. InRFC document defining the text/xml and application/xml MIME types. InRFC document defining the text/xml and application/xml MIME types. InRFC document defining the text/xml and application/xml MIME types. InRFC document defining the text/xml and application/xml MIME types. InRFC document defining the text/xml and application/xml MIME types. In
the interests of interoperability, however, the following rulesthe interests of interoperability, however, the following rulesthe interests of interoperability, however, the following rulesthe interests of interoperability, however, the following rulesthe interests of interoperability, however, the following rulesthe interests of interoperability, however, the following rulesthe interests of interoperability, however, the following rulesthe interests of interoperability, however, the following rules
are recommended.are recommended.are recommended.are recommended.are recommended.are recommended.are recommended.are recommended.
If an XML entity is in a file, the Byte-Order MarkIf an XML entity is in a file, the Byte-Order MarkIf an XML entity is in a file, the Byte-Order MarkIf an XML entity is in a file, the Byte-Order MarkIf an XML entity is in a file, the Byte-Order MarkIf an XML entity is in a file, the Byte-Order MarkIf an XML entity is in a file, the Byte-Order MarkIf an XML entity is in a file, the Byte-Order Mark
and encoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theand encoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theand encoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theand encoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theand encoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theand encoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theand encoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theand encoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine the
character encoding. All other heuristics and sources of informationcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources of informationcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources of informationcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources of informationcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources of informationcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources of informationcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources of informationcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources of information
are solely for error recovery.are solely for error recovery.are solely for error recovery.are solely for error recovery.are solely for error recovery.are solely for error recovery.are solely for error recovery.are solely for error recovery.
If an XML entity is delivered with aIf an XML entity is delivered with aIf an XML entity is delivered with aIf an XML entity is delivered with aIf an XML entity is delivered with aIf an XML entity is delivered with aIf an XML entity is delivered with aIf an XML entity is delivered with a
MIME type of text/xml, then the MIME type of text/xml, then the MIME type of text/xml, then the MIME type of text/xml, then the MIME type of text/xml, then the MIME type of text/xml, then the MIME type of text/xml, then the MIME type of text/xml, then the charsetcharsetcharsetcharsetcharsetcharsetcharsetcharset parameter parameter parameter parameter parameter parameter parameter parameter
on the MIME type determines theon the MIME type determines theon the MIME type determines theon the MIME type determines theon the MIME type determines theon the MIME type determines theon the MIME type determines theon the MIME type determines the
character encoding method; all other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding method; all other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding method; all other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding method; all other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding method; all other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding method; all other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding method; all other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding method; all other heuristics and sources of
information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.
If an XML entity is delivered If an XML entity is delivered If an XML entity is delivered If an XML entity is delivered If an XML entity is delivered If an XML entity is delivered If an XML entity is delivered If an XML entity is delivered
with awith awith awith awith awith awith awith a
MIME type of application/xml, then the Byte-Order Mark andMIME type of application/xml, then the Byte-Order Mark andMIME type of application/xml, then the Byte-Order Mark andMIME type of application/xml, then the Byte-Order Mark andMIME type of application/xml, then the Byte-Order Mark andMIME type of application/xml, then the Byte-Order Mark andMIME type of application/xml, then the Byte-Order Mark andMIME type of application/xml, then the Byte-Order Mark and
encoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theencoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theencoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theencoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theencoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theencoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theencoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine theencoding-declaration PI are used (if present) to determine the
character encoding. All other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources ofcharacter encoding. All other heuristics and sources of
information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.information are solely for error recovery.
These rules apply only in the absence of protocol-level documentation;These rules apply only in the absence of protocol-level documentation;These rules apply only in the absence of protocol-level documentation;These rules apply only in the absence of protocol-level documentation;These rules apply only in the absence of protocol-level documentation;These rules apply only in the absence of protocol-level documentation;These rules apply only in the absence of protocol-level documentation;These rules apply only in the absence of protocol-level documentation;
in particular, when the MIME types text/xml and application/xml arein particular, when the MIME types text/xml and application/xml arein particular, when the MIME types text/xml and application/xml arein particular, when the MIME types text/xml and application/xml arein particular, when the MIME types text/xml and application/xml arein particular, when the MIME types text/xml and application/xml arein particular, when the MIME types text/xml and application/xml arein particular, when the MIME types text/xml and application/xml are
defined, the recommendations of the relevant RFC will supersededefined, the recommendations of the relevant RFC will supersededefined, the recommendations of the relevant RFC will supersededefined, the recommendations of the relevant RFC will supersededefined, the recommendations of the relevant RFC will supersededefined, the recommendations of the relevant RFC will supersededefined, the recommendations of the relevant RFC will supersededefined, the recommendations of the relevant RFC will supersede
these rules.these rules.these rules.these rules.these rules.these rules.these rules.these rules.
W3C XML Working GroupW3C XML Working GroupW3C XML Working GroupW3C XML Working GroupW3C XML Working GroupW3C XML Working GroupW3C XML Working GroupW3C XML Working Group
This specification was prepared and approved for publication by theThis specification was prepared and approved for publication by theThis specification was prepared and approved for publication by theThis specification was prepared and approved for publication by theThis specification was prepared and approved for publication by theThis specification was prepared and approved for publication by theThis specification was prepared and approved for publication by theThis specification was prepared and approved for publication by the
W3C XML Working Group (WG). WG approval of this specification doesW3C XML Working Group (WG). WG approval of this specification doesW3C XML Working Group (WG). WG approval of this specification doesW3C XML Working Group (WG). WG approval of this specification doesW3C XML Working Group (WG). WG approval of this specification doesW3C XML Working Group (WG). WG approval of this specification doesW3C XML Working Group (WG). WG approval of this specification doesW3C XML Working Group (WG). WG approval of this specification does
not necessarily imply that all WG members voted for its approval. not necessarily imply that all WG members voted for its approval. not necessarily imply that all WG members voted for its approval. not necessarily imply that all WG members voted for its approval. not necessarily imply that all WG members voted for its approval. not necessarily imply that all WG members voted for its approval. not necessarily imply that all WG members voted for its approval. not necessarily imply that all WG members voted for its approval.
The current and former members of the XML WG are:The current and former members of the XML WG are:The current and former members of the XML WG are:The current and former members of the XML WG are:The current and former members of the XML WG are:The current and former members of the XML WG are:The current and former members of the XML WG are:The current and former members of the XML WG are:
Jon Bosak, SunJon Bosak, SunJon Bosak, SunJon Bosak, SunJon Bosak, SunJon Bosak, SunJon Bosak, SunJon Bosak, SunChairChairChairChairChairChairChairChairJames ClarkJames ClarkJames ClarkJames ClarkJames ClarkJames ClarkJames ClarkJames ClarkTechnical LeadTechnical LeadTechnical LeadTechnical LeadTechnical LeadTechnical LeadTechnical LeadTechnical LeadTim Bray, Textuality and NetscapeTim Bray, Textuality and NetscapeTim Bray, Textuality and NetscapeTim Bray, Textuality and NetscapeTim Bray, Textuality and NetscapeTim Bray, Textuality and NetscapeTim Bray, Textuality and NetscapeTim Bray, Textuality and NetscapeXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorJean Paoli, MicrosoftJean Paoli, MicrosoftJean Paoli, MicrosoftJean Paoli, MicrosoftJean Paoli, MicrosoftJean Paoli, MicrosoftJean Paoli, MicrosoftJean Paoli, MicrosoftXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorXML Co-editorC. M. Sperberg-McQueen, U. of Ill.C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, U. of Ill.C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, U. of Ill.C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, U. of Ill.C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, U. of Ill.C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, U. of Ill.C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, U. of Ill.C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, U. of Ill.XMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXML
Co-editorCo-editorCo-editorCo-editorCo-editorCo-editorCo-editorCo-editorDan Connolly, W3CDan Connolly, W3CDan Connolly, W3CDan Connolly, W3CDan Connolly, W3CDan Connolly, W3CDan Connolly, W3CDan Connolly, W3CW3C LiaisonW3C LiaisonW3C LiaisonW3C LiaisonW3C LiaisonW3C LiaisonW3C LiaisonW3C LiaisonPaula Angerstein, TexcelPaula Angerstein, TexcelPaula Angerstein, TexcelPaula Angerstein, TexcelPaula Angerstein, TexcelPaula Angerstein, TexcelPaula Angerstein, TexcelPaula Angerstein, TexcelSteve DeRose, INSOSteve DeRose, INSOSteve DeRose, INSOSteve DeRose, INSOSteve DeRose, INSOSteve DeRose, INSOSteve DeRose, INSOSteve DeRose, INSODave Hollander, HPDave Hollander, HPDave Hollander, HPDave Hollander, HPDave Hollander, HPDave Hollander, HPDave Hollander, HPDave Hollander, HPEliot Kimber, ISOGENEliot Kimber, ISOGENEliot Kimber, ISOGENEliot Kimber, ISOGENEliot Kimber, ISOGENEliot Kimber, ISOGENEliot Kimber, ISOGENEliot Kimber, ISOGENEve Maler, ArborTextEve Maler, ArborTextEve Maler, ArborTextEve Maler, ArborTextEve Maler, ArborTextEve Maler, ArborTextEve Maler, ArborTextEve Maler, ArborTextTom Magliery, NCSATom Magliery, NCSATom Magliery, NCSATom Magliery, NCSATom Magliery, NCSATom Magliery, NCSATom Magliery, NCSATom Magliery, NCSAMurray Maloney, Muzmo and GrifMurray Maloney, Muzmo and GrifMurray Maloney, Muzmo and GrifMurray Maloney, Muzmo and GrifMurray Maloney, Muzmo and GrifMurray Maloney, Muzmo and GrifMurray Maloney, Muzmo and GrifMurray Maloney, Muzmo and GrifMakoto Murata, Fuji Xerox Information SystemsMakoto Murata, Fuji Xerox Information SystemsMakoto Murata, Fuji Xerox Information SystemsMakoto Murata, Fuji Xerox Information SystemsMakoto Murata, Fuji Xerox Information SystemsMakoto Murata, Fuji Xerox Information SystemsMakoto Murata, Fuji Xerox Information SystemsMakoto Murata, Fuji Xerox Information SystemsJoel Nava, AdobeJoel Nava, AdobeJoel Nava, AdobeJoel Nava, AdobeJoel Nava, AdobeJoel Nava, AdobeJoel Nava, AdobeJoel Nava, AdobeConleth O'Connell, VignetteConleth O'Connell, VignetteConleth O'Connell, VignetteConleth O'Connell, VignetteConleth O'Connell, VignetteConleth O'Connell, VignetteConleth O'Connell, VignetteConleth O'Connell, VignettePeter Sharpe, SoftQuadPeter Sharpe, SoftQuadPeter Sharpe, SoftQuadPeter Sharpe, SoftQuadPeter Sharpe, SoftQuadPeter Sharpe, SoftQuadPeter Sharpe, SoftQuadPeter Sharpe, SoftQuadJohn Tigue, DataChannelJohn Tigue, DataChannelJohn Tigue, DataChannelJohn Tigue, DataChannelJohn Tigue, DataChannelJohn Tigue, DataChannelJohn Tigue, DataChannelJohn Tigue, DataChannel