DocumentsDocumentsDocumentsDocumentsDocumentsDocumentsDocumentsDocuments
A data object is anA data object is anA data object is anA data object is anA data object is anA data object is anA data object is anA data object is an
XML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML document if it is if it is if it is if it is if it is if it is if it is if it is
well-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formed, as, as, as, as, as, as, as, as
defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.defined in this specification.
A well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition beA well-formed XML document may in addition be
validvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalid if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further if it meets certain further
constraints.constraints.constraints.constraints.constraints.constraints.constraints.constraints.
Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.Each XML document has both a logical and a physical structure.
Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called Physically, the document is composed of units called entitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentities. An entity may . An entity may . An entity may . An entity may . An entity may . An entity may . An entity may . An entity may referreferreferreferreferreferreferrefer to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their to other entities to cause their
inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or inclusion in the document. A document begins in a "root" or document entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entity........
Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements, Logically, the document is composed of declarations, elements,
comments,comments,comments,comments,comments,comments,comments,comments,
character references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, andcharacter references, and
processingprocessingprocessingprocessingprocessingprocessingprocessingprocessing
instructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicitinstructions, all of which are indicated in the document by explicit
markup.markup.markup.markup.markup.markup.markup.markup.
The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described The logical and physical structures must nest properly, as described
in in in in in in in in ........
Well-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML DocumentsWell-Formed XML Documents
A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is A textual object is
a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:a well-formed XML document if:
Taken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, itTaken as a whole, it
matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled matches the production labeled documentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocument........
ItItItItItItItIt
meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.meets all the well-formedness constraints given in this specification.
Each of the Each of the Each of the Each of the Each of the Each of the Each of the Each of the parsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entities
which is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document iswhich is referenced directly or indirectly within the document is
well-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formed........
DocumentDocumentDocumentDocumentDocumentDocumentDocumentDocument
documentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocument
prologprologprologprologprologprologprologprolog
elementelementelementelementelementelementelementelement
MiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMisc********
Matching the Matching the Matching the Matching the Matching the Matching the Matching the Matching the documentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocument production production production production production production production production
implies that:implies that:implies that:implies that:implies that:implies that:implies that:implies that:
It contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or moreIt contains one or more
elementselementselementselementselementselementselementselements........
There is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactlyThere is exactly
one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the one element, called the rootrootrootrootrootrootrootroot, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no, or document element, no
part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the part of which appears in the contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent of any other element. of any other element. of any other element. of any other element. of any other element. of any other element. of any other element. of any other element.
For all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of anotherFor all other elements, if the start-tag is in the content of another
element, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. Moreelement, the end-tag is in the content of the same element. More
simply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nestsimply stated, the elements, delimited by start- and end-tags, nest
properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.properly within each other.
As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence As a consequence
of this,of this,of this,of this,of this,of this,of this,of this,
for each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root elementfor each non-root element
CCCCCCCC in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element in the document, there is one other element PPPPPPPP
in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that in the document such that
CCCCCCCC is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of is in the content of PPPPPPPP, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in, but is not in
the content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content ofthe content of any other element that is in the content of
PPPPPPPP. . . . . . . .
PPPPPPPP is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the is referred to as the
parentparentparentparentparentparentparentparent of of of of of of of of CCCCCCCC, and , and , and , and , and , and , and , and CCCCCCCC as a as a as a as a as a as a as a as a
childchildchildchildchildchildchildchild of of of of of of of of PPPPPPPP........
CharactersCharactersCharactersCharactersCharactersCharactersCharactersCharacters
A parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity containsA parsed entity contains
texttexttexttexttexttexttexttext, a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of , a sequence of
characterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacterscharacters, , , , , , , ,
which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.which may represent markup or character data.
A A A A A A A A charactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharacter
is an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified byis an atomic unit of text as specified by
ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ISO/IEC 10646 ........
Legal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legalLegal characters are tab, carriage return, line feed, and the legal
graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.graphic characters of Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646.
The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8The use of "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8
of of of of of of of of , is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged., is discouraged.
Character RangeCharacter RangeCharacter RangeCharacter RangeCharacter RangeCharacter RangeCharacter RangeCharacter Range
CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar
#x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD] #x9 | #xA | #xD | [#x20-#xD7FF] | [#xE000-#xFFFD]
| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]| [#x10000-#x10FFFF]
any Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding theany Unicode character, excluding the
surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.surrogate blocks, FFFE, and FFFF.
The mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns mayThe mechanism for encoding character code points into bit patterns may
vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8vary from entity to entity. All XML processors must accept the UTF-8
and UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which ofand UTF-16 encodings of 10646; the mechanisms for signaling which of
the two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, arethe two is in use, or for bringing other encodings into play, are
discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in discussed later, in ........
Common Syntactic ConstructsCommon Syntactic ConstructsCommon Syntactic ConstructsCommon Syntactic ConstructsCommon Syntactic ConstructsCommon Syntactic ConstructsCommon Syntactic ConstructsCommon Syntactic Constructs
This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.This section defines some symbols used widely in the grammar.
SSSSSSSS (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20) (white space) consists of one or more space (#x20)
characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.characters, carriage returns, line feeds, or tabs.
White SpaceWhite SpaceWhite SpaceWhite SpaceWhite SpaceWhite SpaceWhite SpaceWhite Space
SSSSSSSS
(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+(#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)+
Characters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or otherCharacters are classified for convenience as letters, digits, or other
characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic characters. Letters consist of an alphabetic or syllabic
base character possiblybase character possiblybase character possiblybase character possiblybase character possiblybase character possiblybase character possiblybase character possibly
followed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographicfollowed by one or more combining characters, or of an ideographic
character. character. character. character. character. character. character. character.
Full definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each classFull definitions of the specific characters in each class
are given in are given in are given in are given in are given in are given in are given in are given in ........
A A A A A A A A NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName is a token is a token is a token is a token is a token is a token is a token is a token
beginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuingbeginning with a letter or one of a few punctuation characters, and continuing
with letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, togetherwith letters, digits, hyphens, underscores, colons, or full stops, together
known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.known as name characters.
Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "Names beginning with the string "xmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxml", or any string", or any string", or any string", or any string", or any string", or any string", or any string", or any string
which would match which would match which would match which would match which would match which would match which would match which would match (('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l')), are, are, are, are, are, are, are, are
reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of this
specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.
The colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation withThe colon character within XML names is reserved for experimentation with
name spaces. name spaces. name spaces. name spaces. name spaces. name spaces. name spaces. name spaces.
Its meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to beIts meaning is expected to be
standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents standardized at some future point, at which point those documents
using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.using the colon for experimental purposes may need to be updated.
(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism(There is no guarantee that any name-space mechanism
adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)adopted for XML will in fact use the colon as a name-space delimiter.)
In practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XMLIn practice, this means that authors should not use the colon in XML
names except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processorsnames except as part of name-space experiments, but that XML processors
should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.should accept the colon as a name character.
AnAnAnAnAnAnAnAn
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of (name token) is any mixture of
name characters.name characters.name characters.name characters.name characters.name characters.name characters.name characters.
Names and TokensNames and TokensNames and TokensNames and TokensNames and TokensNames and TokensNames and TokensNames and Tokens
NameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameChar
LetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetter
| | | | | | | | DigitDigitDigitDigitDigitDigitDigitDigit
| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'| '.' | '-' | '_' | ':'
| | | | | | | | CombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningCharCombiningChar
| | | | | | | | ExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtenderExtender
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
((((((((LetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetterLetter | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':') | '_' | ':')
((((((((NameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameChar)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
NamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNames
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
((((((((SSSSSSSS NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken
((((((((NameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameCharNameChar)+)+)+)+)+)+)+)+
NmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokens
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (SSSSSSSS NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
Literal data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containingLiteral data is any quoted string not containing
the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.the quotation mark used as a delimiter for that string.
Literals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are usedLiterals are used
for specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entitiesfor specifying the content of internal entities
((((((((EntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue),),),),),),),),
the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (the values of attributes (AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue), ), ), ), ), ), ), ),
and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers and external identifiers
((((((((SystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteral). ). ). ). ). ). ). ).
Note that a Note that a Note that a Note that a Note that a Note that a Note that a Note that a SystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteral
can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.can be parsed without scanning for markup.
LiteralsLiteralsLiteralsLiteralsLiteralsLiteralsLiteralsLiterals
EntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValueEntityValue
'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"'
([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%&&&&&&&&"] "] "] "] "] "] "] "]
| | | | | | | | PEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReference
| | | | | | | | ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"'
||||||||
"'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'"
([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%([^%&&&&&&&&'] '] '] '] '] '] '] ']
| | | | | | | | PEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReference
| | | | | | | | ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
"'""'""'""'""'""'""'""'"
AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue
'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"'
([^([^([^([^([^([^([^([^<<<<<<<<&&&&&&&&"] "] "] "] "] "] "] "]
| | | | | | | | ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"'
||||||||
"'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'" "'"
([^([^([^([^([^([^([^([^<<<<<<<<&&&&&&&&'] '] '] '] '] '] '] ']
| | | | | | | | ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
"'""'""'""'""'""'""'""'"
SystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteralSystemLiteral
('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') |('"' [^"]* '"') | ("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")("'" [^']* "'")
PubidLitePubidLitePubidLitePubidLitePubidLitePubidLitePubidLitePubidLiteralralralralralralralral
'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' PubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidChar* * * * * * * *
'"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"' '"'
| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (| "'" (PubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidChar - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'" - "'")* "'"
PubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidCharPubidChar
#x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA #x20 | #xD | #xA
|||||||| [a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9]
|||||||| [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%][-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]
Character Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and MarkupCharacter Data and Markup
TextTextTextTextTextTextTextText consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled consists of intermingled
charactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharacter
datadatadatadatadatadatadatadata and markup. and markup. and markup. and markup. and markup. and markup. and markup. and markup.
MarkupMarkupMarkupMarkupMarkupMarkupMarkupMarkup takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of takes the form of
start-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tags,,,,,,,,
end-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tags,,,,,,,,
empty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tags,,,,,,,,
entity referencesentity referencesentity referencesentity referencesentity referencesentity referencesentity referencesentity references,,,,,,,,
character referencescharacter referencescharacter referencescharacter referencescharacter referencescharacter referencescharacter referencescharacter references,,,,,,,,
commentscommentscommentscommentscommentscommentscommentscomments,,,,,,,,
CDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA section delimiters, delimiters, delimiters, delimiters, delimiters, delimiters, delimiters, delimiters,
document type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarationsdocument type declarations, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and
processing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructionsprocessing instructions........
All text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markupAll text that is not markup
constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the constitutes the character datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter data of of of of of of of of
the document.the document.the document.the document.the document.the document.the document.the document.
The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (The ampersand character (&&&&&&&&) and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket () and the left angle bracket (<<<<<<<<))))))))
may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form may appear in their literal form onlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonlyonly when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup when used as markup
delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a delimiters, or within a commentcommentcommentcommentcommentcommentcommentcomment, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a
processing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instructionprocessing instruction, , , , , , , ,
or a or a or a or a or a or a or a or a CDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA section. . . . . . . .
They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the They are also legal within the literal entityliteral entityliteral entityliteral entityliteral entityliteral entityliteral entityliteral entity
valuevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevalue of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see of an internal entity declaration; see
........
If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,If they are needed elsewhere,
they must be they must be they must be they must be they must be they must be they must be they must be escapedescapedescapedescapedescapedescapedescapedescaped
using either using either using either using either using either using either using either using either numeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character referencesnumeric character references
or the stringsor the stringsor the stringsor the stringsor the stringsor the stringsor the stringsor the strings
""""""""&&&&&&&&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "&&&&&&&<lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;" respectively. " respectively. " respectively. " respectively. " respectively. " respectively. " respectively. " respectively.
The right angleThe right angleThe right angleThe right angleThe right angleThe right angleThe right angleThe right angle
bracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the stringbracket (>) may be represented using the string
""""""""&&&&&&&>gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;", and must, ", and must, ", and must, ", and must, ", and must, ", and must, ", and must, ", and must, forforforforforforforfor
compatibilitycompatibilitycompatibilitycompatibilitycompatibilitycompatibilitycompatibilitycompatibility, , , , , , , ,
be escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped usingbe escaped using
""""""""&&&&&&&>gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;gt;" or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference " or a character reference
when it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the stringwhen it appears in the string
""""""""]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>>>>>>>>""""""""
in content, in content, in content, in content, in content, in content, in content, in content,
when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of when that string is not marking the end of
a a a a a a a a CDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA sectionCDATA section. . . . . . . .
In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data In the content of elements, character data
is any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which doesis any string of characters which does
not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup. not contain the start-delimiter of any markup.
In a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character dataIn a CDATA section, character data
is any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-closeis any string of characters not including the CDATA-section-close
delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "delimiter, "]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>>>>>>>>".".".".".".".".
To allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, theTo allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, the
apostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented asapostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented as
""""""""&&&&&&&'apos;apos;apos;apos;apos;apos;apos;", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as", and the double-quote character (") as
""""""""&&&&&&&"quot;quot;quot;quot;quot;quot;quot;".".".".".".".".
Character DataCharacter DataCharacter DataCharacter DataCharacter DataCharacter DataCharacter DataCharacter Data
CharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharData
[^[^[^[^[^[^[^[^<<<<<<<<&&&&&&&&]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^]* - ([^<<<<<<<<&&&&&&&&]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]]* ']]>>>>>>>>' [^' [^' [^' [^' [^' [^' [^' [^<<<<<<<<&&&&&&&&]*)]*)]*)]*)]*)]*)]*)]*)
Processing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing Instructions
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
instructionsinstructionsinstructionsinstructionsinstructionsinstructionsinstructionsinstructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions (PIs) allow documents to contain instructions
for applications.for applications.for applications.for applications.for applications.for applications.for applications.for applications.
Processing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing InstructionsProcessing Instructions
PIPIPIPIPIPIPIPI
''''''''<<<<<<<<?' ?' ?' ?' ?' ?' ?' ?' PITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITarget
((((((((SSSSSSSS
((((((((CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * -
((((((((CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* * * * * * * * '?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>' CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar*)))?*)))?*)))?*)))?*)))?*)))?*)))?*)))?
'?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>'
PITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITarget
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName - - - - - - - -
(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))(('X' | 'x') ('M' | 'm') ('L' | 'l'))
PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's PIs are not part of the document's charactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharactercharacter
datadatadatadatadatadatadatadata, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The, but must be passed through to the application. The
PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PI begins with a target (PITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITargetPITarget) used) used) used) used) used) used) used) used
to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed. to identify the application to which the instruction is directed.
The target names "The target names "The target names "The target names "The target names "The target names "The target names "The target names "XMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXMLXML", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "xmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxmlxml", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are", and so on are
reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisreserved for standardization in this or future versions of this
specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.
The The The The The The The The
XML XML XML XML XML XML XML XML NotationNotationNotationNotationNotationNotationNotationNotation mechanism mechanism mechanism mechanism mechanism mechanism mechanism mechanism
may be used formay be used formay be used formay be used formay be used formay be used formay be used formay be used for
formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.formal declaration of PI targets.
CDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA Sections
CDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sectionsCDATA sections
may occur may occur may occur may occur may occur may occur may occur may occur
anywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they areanywhere character data may occur; they are
used to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which wouldused to escape blocks of text containing characters which would
otherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with theotherwise be recognized as markup. CDATA sections begin with the
string "string "string "string "string "string "string "string "<<<<<<<<![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string" and end with the string
""""""""]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>>>>>>>>":":":":":":":":
CDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA SectionsCDATA Sections
CDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSect
CDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStart
CDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCData
CDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEnd
CDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStartCDStart
''''''''<<<<<<<<![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['![CDATA['
CDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCDataCData
((((((((CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * -
((((((((CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* ']]* ']]* ']]* ']]* ']]* ']]* ']]* ']]>>>>>>>>' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar*))*))*))*))*))*))*))*))
CDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEnd
']]']]']]']]']]']]']]']]>>>>>>>>''''''''
Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the Within a CDATA section, only the CDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEndCDEnd string is string is string is string is string is string is string is string is
recognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur inrecognized as markup, so that left angle brackets and ampersands may occur in
their literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped usingtheir literal form; they need not (and cannot) be escaped using
""""""""&&&&&&&<lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "&&&&&&&&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections". CDATA sections
cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.cannot nest.
An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "An example of a CDATA section, in which "<<<<<<<<greeting>greeting>greeting>greeting>greeting>greeting>greeting>greeting>" and " and " and " and " and " and " and " and
""""""""<<<<<<<</greeting>/greeting>/greeting>/greeting>/greeting>/greeting>/greeting>/greeting>""""""""
are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as are recognized as character datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter datacharacter data, not, not, not, not, not, not, not, not
markupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkupmarkup::::::::
<<<<<<<<![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[![CDATA[<<<<<<<<greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!greeting>Hello, world!<<<<<<<</greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]/greeting>]]>>>>>>>>
Prolog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type DeclarationProlog and Document Type Declaration
XML documents XML documents XML documents XML documents XML documents XML documents XML documents XML documents
may, and should, may, and should, may, and should, may, and should, may, and should, may, and should, may, and should, may, and should,
begin with an begin with an begin with an begin with an begin with an begin with an begin with an begin with an XML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declarationXML declaration which specifies which specifies which specifies which specifies which specifies which specifies which specifies which specifies
the version ofthe version ofthe version ofthe version ofthe version ofthe version ofthe version ofthe version of
XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.XML being used.
For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, For example, the following is a complete XML document, well-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formedwell-formed but not but not but not but not but not but not but not but not
validvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalid::::::::
Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!
]]>
and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:and so is this:
Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!
]]>
The version number "The version number "The version number "The version number "The version number "The version number "The version number "The version number "1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate" should be used to indicate
conformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an errorconformance to this version of this specification; it is an error
for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "for a document to use the value "1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0" " " " " " " "
if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.if it does not conform to this version of this specification.
It is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intentIt is the intent
of the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specificationof the XML working group to give later versions of this specification
numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "numbers other than "1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not", but this intent does not
indicate aindicate aindicate aindicate aindicate aindicate aindicate aindicate a
commitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, tocommitment to produce any future versions of XML, nor if any are produced, to
use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.use any particular numbering scheme.
Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided Since future versions are not ruled out, this construct is provided
as a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, shouldas a means to allow the possibility of automatic version recognition, should
it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.it become necessary.
Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with Processors may signal an error if they receive documents labeled with
versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support. versions they do not support.
The function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe itsThe function of the markup in an XML document is to describe its
storage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairsstorage and logical structure and to associate attribute-value pairs
with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the with its logical structures. XML provides a mechanism, the document type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declaration, to define, to define, to define, to define, to define, to define, to define, to define
constraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use ofconstraints on the logical structure and to support the use of
predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.predefined storage units.
An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is An XML document is
validvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalidvalid if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type if it has an associated document type
declaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the documentdeclaration and if the document
complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.complies with the constraints expressed in it.
The document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear beforeThe document type declaration must appear before
the first the first the first the first the first the first the first the first elementelementelementelementelementelementelementelement in the document. in the document. in the document. in the document. in the document. in the document. in the document. in the document.
PrologPrologPrologPrologPrologPrologPrologProlog
prologprologprologprologprologprologprologprolog
XMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDecl? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
MiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMisc* * * * * * * *
((((((((doctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecl
MiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMisc*)?*)?*)?*)?*)?*)?*)?*)?
XMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDeclXMLDecl
''''''''<<<<<<<<?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'?xml'
VersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfo
EncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDeclEncodingDecl? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
SDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDecl? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
'?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>''?>'
VersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfoVersionInfo
SSSSSSSS 'version' 'version' 'version' 'version' 'version' 'version' 'version' 'version' EqEqEqEqEqEqEqEq
(' (' (' (' (' (' (' (' VersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNum ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
| " | " | " | " | " | " | " | " VersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNum ") ") ") ") ") ") ") ")
EqEqEqEqEqEqEqEq
SSSSSSSS? '=' ? '=' ? '=' ? '=' ? '=' ? '=' ? '=' ? '=' SSSSSSSS????????
VersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNumVersionNum
([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+([a-zA-Z0-9_.:] | '-')+
MiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMiscMisc
CommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentComment | | | | | | | | PIPIPIPIPIPIPIPI | | | | | | | |
SSSSSSSS
The XMLThe XMLThe XMLThe XMLThe XMLThe XMLThe XMLThe XML
document type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declarationdocument type declaration
contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to contains or points to
markup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarationsmarkup declarations
that provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for athat provide a grammar for a
class of documents. class of documents. class of documents. class of documents. class of documents. class of documents. class of documents. class of documents.
This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,This grammar is known as a document type definition,
or or or or or or or or DTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTD. . . . . . . .
The document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (aThe document type declaration can point to an external subset (a
special kind of special kind of special kind of special kind of special kind of special kind of special kind of special kind of
external entityexternal entityexternal entityexternal entityexternal entityexternal entityexternal entityexternal entity) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup) containing markup
declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can declarations, or can
contain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can docontain the markup declarations directly in an internal subset, or can do
both. both. both. both. both. both. both. both.
The DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets takenThe DTD for a document consists of both subsets taken
together.together.together.together.together.together.together.together.
A A A A A A A A markup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declarationmarkup declaration is is is is is is is is
an an an an an an an an element type declarationelement type declarationelement type declarationelement type declarationelement type declarationelement type declarationelement type declarationelement type declaration, , , , , , , ,
an an an an an an an an attribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declarationattribute-list declaration, , , , , , , ,
an an an an an an an an entity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declarationentity declaration, or, or, or, or, or, or, or, or
a a a a a a a a notation declarationnotation declarationnotation declarationnotation declarationnotation declarationnotation declarationnotation declarationnotation declaration........
These declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in partThese declarations may be contained in whole or in part
within within within within within within within within parameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entities,,,,,,,,
as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.as described in the well-formedness and validity constraints below.
For fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, seeFor fuller information, see
........
Document Type DefinitionDocument Type DefinitionDocument Type DefinitionDocument Type DefinitionDocument Type DefinitionDocument Type DefinitionDocument Type DefinitionDocument Type Definition
doctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecldoctypedecl
''''''''<<<<<<<<!DOCTYPE' !DOCTYPE' !DOCTYPE' !DOCTYPE' !DOCTYPE' !DOCTYPE' !DOCTYPE' !DOCTYPE' SSSSSSSS
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (SSSSSSSS
ExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalIDExternalID)? )? )? )? )? )? )? )?
SSSSSSSS? ('[' ? ('[' ? ('[' ? ('[' ? ('[' ? ('[' ? ('[' ? ('['
((((((((markupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdecl
| | | | | | | | PEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReference
| | | | | | | | SSSSSSSS)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
']' ']' ']' ']' ']' ']' ']' ']'
SSSSSSSS?)? '>'?)? '>'?)? '>'?)? '>'?)? '>'?)? '>'?)? '>'?)? '>'
markupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdecl
elementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdecl
| | | | | | | | AttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDecl
| | | | | | | | EntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDeclEntityDecl
| | | | | | | | NotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDeclNotationDecl
| | | | | | | | PIPIPIPIPIPIPIPI
| | | | | | | | CommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentComment
The markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part ofThe markup declarations may be made up in whole or in part of
the the the the the the the the replacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement text of of of of of of of of
parameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entitiesparameter entities........
The productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification forThe productions later in this specification for
individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (individual nonterminals (elementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdecl,,,,,,,,
AttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDecl, and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe , and so on) describe
the declarations the declarations the declarations the declarations the declarations the declarations the declarations the declarations afterafterafterafterafterafterafterafter all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been all the parameter entities have been
includedincludedincludedincludedincludedincludedincludedincluded........
Root Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element TypeRoot Element Type
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must in the document type declaration must
match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the match the element type of the root elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot element........
Proper Declaration/PE NestingProper Declaration/PE NestingProper Declaration/PE NestingProper Declaration/PE NestingProper Declaration/PE NestingProper Declaration/PE NestingProper Declaration/PE NestingProper Declaration/PE Nesting
Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity
replacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement text must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested
with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations. with markup declarations.
That is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first characterThat is to say, if either the first character
or the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markupor the last character of a markup
declaration (declaration (declaration (declaration (declaration (declaration (declaration (declaration (markupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdecl above) above) above) above) above) above) above) above)
is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a
parameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity referenceparameter-entity reference,,,,,,,,
both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.
PEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal SubsetPEs in Internal Subset
In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset, In the internal DTD subset,
parameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity references
can occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, notcan occur only where markup declarations can occur, not
within markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply towithin markup declarations. (This does not apply to
references that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur inreferences that occur in
external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)external parameter entities or to the external subset.)
Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and Like the internal subset, the external subset and
any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD any external parameter entities referred to in the DTD
must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types must consist of a series of complete markup declarations of the types
allowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbolallowed by the non-terminal symbol
markupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdecl, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space, interspersed with white space
or or or or or or or or parameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity references........
However, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contentsHowever, portions of the contents
of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the
external subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignoredexternal subset or of external parameter entities may conditionally be ignored
by using by using by using by using by using by using by using by using
the the the the the the the the conditional sectionconditional sectionconditional sectionconditional sectionconditional sectionconditional sectionconditional sectionconditional section
construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.construct; this is not allowed in the internal subset.
External SubsetExternal SubsetExternal SubsetExternal SubsetExternal SubsetExternal SubsetExternal SubsetExternal Subset
extSubsetextSubsetextSubsetextSubsetextSubsetextSubsetextSubsetextSubset
TextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDeclTextDecl????????
extSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDecl
extSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDecl
((((((((
markupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdeclmarkupdecl
| | | | | | | | conditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSect
| | | | | | | | PEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReferencePEReference
| | | | | | | | SSSSSSSS
)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ The external subset and external parameter entities also differ
from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,from the internal subset in that in them,
parameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity referencesparameter-entity references
are permitted are permitted are permitted are permitted are permitted are permitted are permitted are permitted withinwithinwithinwithinwithinwithinwithinwithin markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations, markup declarations,
not only not only not only not only not only not only not only not only betweenbetweenbetweenbetweenbetweenbetweenbetweenbetween markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations. markup declarations.
An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:An example of an XML document with a document type declaration:
Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!
]]>
The The The The The The The The system identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifiersystem identifier
""""""""hello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtdhello.dtd" gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document." gives the URI of a DTD for the document.
The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this The declarations can also be given locally, as in this
example:example:example:example:example:example:example:example:
]>]>]>]>]>]>]>]>
Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!Hello, world!
]]>
If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the If both the external and internal subsets are used, the
internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.internal subset is considered to occur before the external subset.
This has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in theThis has the effect that entity and attribute-list declarations in the
internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.internal subset take precedence over those in the external subset.
Standalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document Declaration
Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,Markup declarations can affect the content of the document,
as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an as passed from an XML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processor
to an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entityto an application; examples are attribute defaults and entity
declarations.declarations.declarations.declarations.declarations.declarations.declarations.declarations.
The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,The standalone document declaration,
which may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signalswhich may appear as a component of the XML declaration, signals
whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to whether or not there are such declarations which appear external to
the the the the the the the the document entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entitydocument entity........
Standalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document Declaration
SDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDeclSDDecl
SSSSSSSS
'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' 'standalone' EqEqEqEqEqEqEqEq
(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))(("'" ('yes' | 'no') "'") | ('"' ('yes' | 'no') '"'))
In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "In a standalone document declaration, the value "yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyes" indicates" indicates" indicates" indicates" indicates" indicates" indicates" indicates
that there that there that there that there that there that there that there that there
are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the are no markup declarations external to the documentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocumentdocument
entityentityentityentityentityentityentityentity (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an (either in the DTD external subset, or in an
external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)external parameter entity referenced from the internal subset)
which affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor towhich affect the information passed from the XML processor to
the application. the application. the application. the application. the application. the application. the application. the application.
The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "nononononononono" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such" indicates that there are or may be such
external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.external markup declarations.
Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only Note that the standalone document declaration only
denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external denotes the presence of external declarationsdeclarationsdeclarationsdeclarationsdeclarationsdeclarationsdeclarationsdeclarations; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a; the presence, in a
document, of document, of document, of document, of document, of document, of document, of document, of
references to external references to external references to external references to external references to external references to external references to external references to external entitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentitiesentities, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are, when those entities are
internally declared, internally declared, internally declared, internally declared, internally declared, internally declared, internally declared, internally declared,
does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.does not change its standalone status.
If there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone documentIf there are no external markup declarations, the standalone document
declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning. declaration has no meaning.
If there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standaloneIf there are external markup declarations but there is no standalone
document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "document declaration, the value "nononononononono" is assumed." is assumed." is assumed." is assumed." is assumed." is assumed." is assumed." is assumed.
Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which Any XML document for which standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no"standalone="no" holds can holds can holds can holds can holds can holds can holds can holds can
be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document, be converted algorithmically to a standalone document,
which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.which may be desirable for some network delivery applications.
Standalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document DeclarationStandalone Document Declaration
The standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must haveThe standalone document declaration must have
the value "the value "the value "the value "the value "the value "the value "the value "nononononononono" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations" if any external markup declarations
contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:contain declarations of:
attributes with attributes with attributes with attributes with attributes with attributes with attributes with attributes with defaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefault values, if values, if values, if values, if values, if values, if values, if values, if
elements to whichelements to whichelements to whichelements to whichelements to whichelements to whichelements to whichelements to which
these attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document withoutthese attributes apply appear in the document without
specifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, orspecifications of values for these attributes, or
entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than entities (other than ampampampampampampampamp,,,,,,,,
ltltltltltltltlt,,,,,,,,
gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt,,,,,,,,
aposaposaposaposaposaposaposapos,,,,,,,,
quotquotquotquotquotquotquotquot), ), ), ), ), ), ), ),
if if if if if if if if referencesreferencesreferencesreferencesreferencesreferencesreferencesreferences to those to those to those to those to those to those to those to those
entities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, orentities appear in the document, or
attributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject toattributes with values subject to
normalizationnormalizationnormalizationnormalizationnormalizationnormalizationnormalizationnormalization, where the, where the, where the, where the, where the, where the, where the, where the
attribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which willattribute appears in the document with a value which will
change as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, orchange as a result of normalization, or
-
element types with element types with element types with element types with element types with element types with element types with element types with element contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement content, , , , , , , ,
if white space occursif white space occursif white space occursif white space occursif white space occursif white space occursif white space occursif white space occurs
directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.directly within any instance of those types.
An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:An example XML declaration with a standalone document declaration:<<<<<<<<?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="?xml version="1.01.01.01.01.01.01.01.0" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>" standalone='yes'?>
White Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space HandlingWhite Space Handling
In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"In editing XML documents, it is often convenient to use "white space"
(spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal (spaces, tabs, and blank lines, denoted by the nonterminal
SSSSSSSS in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to in this specification) to
set apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typicallyset apart the markup for greater readability. Such white space is typically
not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.not intended for inclusion in the delivered version of the document.
On the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in theOn the other hand, "significant" white space that should be preserved in the
delivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry anddelivered version is common, for example in poetry and
source code.source code.source code.source code.source code.source code.source code.source code.
An An An An An An An An XML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processor
must always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are notmust always pass all characters in a document that are not
markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A markup through to the application. A
validating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processorvalidating XML processor must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application must also inform the application
which of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearingwhich of these characters constitute white space appearing
in in in in in in in in element contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement content........
A special A special A special A special A special A special A special A special attributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattribute
named named named named named named named named xml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:space may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element may be attached to an element
to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,to signal an intention that in that element,
white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.white space should be preserved by applications.
In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be
declareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclared if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used.
When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an When declared, it must be given as an
enumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated typeenumerated type whose only whose only whose only whose only whose only whose only whose only whose only
possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "possible values are "defaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefault" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "" and "preservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreserve".".".".".".".".
For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example: ]]>
The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "The value "defaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefault" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'" signals that applications'
default white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; thedefault white-space processing modes are acceptable for this element; the
value "value "value "value "value "value "value "value "preservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreservepreserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve" indicates the intent that applications preserve
all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.all the white space.
This declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the contentThis declared intent is considered to apply to all elements within the content
of the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instanceof the element where it is specified, unless overriden with another instance
of the of the of the of the of the of the of the of the xml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:spacexml:space attribute. attribute. attribute. attribute. attribute. attribute. attribute. attribute.
The The The The The The The The root elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot elementroot element of any document of any document of any document of any document of any document of any document of any document of any document
is considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application spaceis considered to have signaled no intentions as regards application space
handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for handling, unless it provides a value for
this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.this attribute or the attribute is declared with a default value.
End-of-Line HandlingEnd-of-Line HandlingEnd-of-Line HandlingEnd-of-Line HandlingEnd-of-Line HandlingEnd-of-Line HandlingEnd-of-Line HandlingEnd-of-Line Handling
XML XML XML XML XML XML XML XML parsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entitiesparsed entities are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in are often stored in
computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.computer files which, for editing convenience, are organized into lines.
These lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the charactersThese lines are typically separated by some combination of the characters
carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).carriage-return (#xD) and line-feed (#xA).
To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of To simplify the tasks of applicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplicationsapplications,,,,,,,,
wherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity valuewherever an external parsed entity or the literal entity value
of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal of an internal parsed entity contains either the literal
two-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literaltwo-character sequence "#xD#xA" or a standalone literal
#xD, an #xD, an #xD, an #xD, an #xD, an #xD, an #xD, an #xD, an XML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processorXML processor must must must must must must must must
pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.pass to the application the single character #xA.
(This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can (This behavior can
conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all conveniently be produced by normalizing all
line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)line breaks to #xA on input, before parsing.)
Language IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage Identification
In document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful toIn document processing, it is often useful to
identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language identify the natural or formal language
in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is in which the content is
written.written.written.written.written.written.written.written.
A special A special A special A special A special A special A special A special attributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattributeattribute named named named named named named named named
xml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:lang may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in may be inserted in
documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the documents to specify the
language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values language used in the contents and attribute values
of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.of any element in an XML document.
In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be In valid documents, this attribute, like any other, must be
declareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclared if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used. if it is used.
The values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as definedThe values of the attribute are language identifiers as defined
by by by by by by by by , "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":, "Tags for the Identification of Languages":
Language IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage IdentificationLanguage Identification
LanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageIDLanguageID
LangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcode
('-' ('-' ('-' ('-' ('-' ('-' ('-' ('-' SubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcode)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
LangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcode
ISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639Code | | | | | | | |
IanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCode | | | | | | | |
UserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCode
ISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639CodeISO639Code
([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])([a-z] | [A-Z]) ([a-z] | [A-Z])
IanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCodeIanaCode
('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('i' | 'I') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+
UserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCodeUserCode
('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+('x' | 'X') '-' ([a-z] | [A-Z])+
SubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcode
([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+([a-z] | [A-Z])+
The The The The The The The The LangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcode may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following: may be any of the following:
a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by a two-letter language code as defined by
, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes, "Codes
for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"for the representation of names of languages"
a language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Interneta language identifier registered with the Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority Assigned Numbers Authority ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the ; these begin with the
prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "i-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-" (or "" (or "" (or "" (or "" (or "" (or "" (or "" (or "I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-")")")")")")")")
a language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed ona language identifier assigned by the user, or agreed on
between parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with thebetween parties in private use; these must begin with the
prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "prefix "x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-" or "" or "" or "" or "" or "" or "" or "" or "X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-" in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict " in order to ensure that they do not conflict
with names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANAwith names later standardized or registered with IANA
There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of There may be any number of SubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcodeSubcode segments; if segments; if segments; if segments; if segments; if segments; if segments; if segments; if
the first the first the first the first the first the first the first the first
subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two subcode segment exists and the Subcode consists of two
letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from letters, then it must be a country code from
, "Codes , "Codes , "Codes , "Codes , "Codes , "Codes , "Codes , "Codes
for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."for the representation of names of countries."
If the first If the first If the first If the first If the first If the first If the first If the first
subcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must besubcode consists of more than two letters, it must be
a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,a subcode for the language in question registered with IANA,
unless the unless the unless the unless the unless the unless the unless the unless the LangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcodeLangcode begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix begins with the prefix
""""""""x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-" or" or" or" or" or" or" or" or
""""""""X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-". ". ". ". ". ". ". ".
It is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, andIt is customary to give the language code in lower case, and
the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.the country code (if any) in upper case.
Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,Note that these values, unlike other names in XML documents,
are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.are case insensitive.
For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:For example:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What colour is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
What color is it?
Habe nun, ach! Philosophie, Habe nun, ach! Philosophie, Habe nun, ach! Philosophie, Habe nun, ach! Philosophie, Habe nun, ach! Philosophie, Habe nun, ach! Philosophie, Habe nun, ach! Philosophie, Habe nun, ach! Philosophie,
Juristerei, und Medizin Juristerei, und Medizin Juristerei, und Medizin Juristerei, und Medizin Juristerei, und Medizin Juristerei, und Medizin Juristerei, und Medizin Juristerei, und Medizin
und leider auch Theologie und leider auch Theologie und leider auch Theologie und leider auch Theologie und leider auch Theologie und leider auch Theologie und leider auch Theologie und leider auch Theologie
durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n. durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n. durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n. durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n. durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n. durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n. durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n. durchaus studiert mit heißem Bemüh'n.
]]>
The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with The intent declared with xml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:lang is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to is considered to apply to
all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,all attributes and content of the element where it is specified,
unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of unless overridden with an instance of xml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:lang
on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.on another element within that content.
A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for A simple declaration for xml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:langxml:lang might take might take might take might take might take might take might take might take
the formthe formthe formthe formthe formthe formthe formthe form
xml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIEDxml:lang NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
but specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In abut specific default values may also be given, if appropriate. In a
collection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses andcollection of French poems for English students, with glosses and
notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:notes in English, the xml:lang attribute might be declared this way:
]]>
Logical StructuresLogical StructuresLogical StructuresLogical StructuresLogical StructuresLogical StructuresLogical StructuresLogical Structures
Each Each Each Each Each Each Each Each XML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML document contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more contains one or more
elementselementselementselementselementselementselementselements, the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are , the boundaries of which are
either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by either delimited by start-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tags
and and and and and and and and end-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tagsend-tags, or, for , or, for , or, for , or, for , or, for , or, for , or, for , or, for emptyemptyemptyemptyemptyemptyemptyempty elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an elements, by an empty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tag. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,. Each element has a type,
identified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "genericidentified by name, sometimes called its "generic
identifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set ofidentifier" (GI), and may have a set of
attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications.attribute specifications. Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification Each attribute specification
has a has a has a has a has a has a has a has a namenamenamenamenamenamenamename and a and a and a and a and a and a and a and a valuevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevalue........
ElementElementElementElementElementElementElementElement
elementelementelementelementelementelementelementelement
EmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTag
| | | | | | | | STagSTagSTagSTagSTagSTagSTagSTag contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent
ETagETagETagETagETagETagETagETag
This specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyondThis specification does not constrain the semantics, use, or (beyond
syntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that namessyntax) names of the element types and attributes, except that names
beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to beginning with a match to (('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))(('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))
are reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of thisare reserved for standardization in this or future versions of this
specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.
Element Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type MatchElement Type Match
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match in an element's end-tag must match
the element type inthe element type inthe element type inthe element type inthe element type inthe element type inthe element type inthe element type in
the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.the start-tag.
Element ValidElement ValidElement ValidElement ValidElement ValidElement ValidElement ValidElement Valid
An element isAn element isAn element isAn element isAn element isAn element isAn element isAn element is
valid ifvalid ifvalid ifvalid ifvalid ifvalid ifvalid ifvalid if
there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching there is a declaration matching
elementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdecl where the where the where the where the where the where the where the where the
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and matches the element type, and
one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:one of the following holds:
The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches EMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTY and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no and the element has no
contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent........
The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches childrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildren and and and and and and and and
the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of the sequence of
child elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elements
belongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression inbelongs to the language generated by the regular expression in
the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters the content model, with optional white space (characters
matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal matching the nonterminal SSSSSSSS) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair) between each pair
of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.of child elements.
The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches MixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixed and and and and and and and and
the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of the content consists of character character character character character character character character
datadatadatadatadatadatadatadata and and and and and and and and child elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elements
whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.whose types match names in the content model.
The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches The declaration matches ANYANYANYANYANYANYANYANY, and the types, and the types, and the types, and the types, and the types, and the types, and the types, and the types
of any of any of any of any of any of any of any of any child elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elementschild elements have have have have have have have have
been declared.been declared.been declared.been declared.been declared.been declared.been declared.been declared.
The beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of everyThe beginning of every
non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a non-empty XML element is marked by a start-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tagstart-tag........
Start-tagStart-tagStart-tagStart-tagStart-tagStart-tagStart-tagStart-tag
STagSTagSTagSTagSTagSTagSTagSTag
''''''''<<<<<<<<' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
((((((((SSSSSSSS AttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttribute)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
SSSSSSSS? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'
AttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttribute
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName EqEqEqEqEqEqEqEq
AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in in in in in in in in
the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the the start- and end-tags gives the
element's element's element's element's element's element's element's element's typetypetypetypetypetypetypetype........
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName--------AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue pairs are pairs are pairs are pairs are pairs are pairs are pairs are pairs are
referred to as referred to as referred to as referred to as referred to as referred to as referred to as referred to as
the the the the the the the the attribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specificationsattribute specifications of the element of the element of the element of the element of the element of the element of the element of the element,,,,,,,,
with the with the with the with the with the with the with the with the
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in each pair in each pair in each pair in each pair in each pair in each pair in each pair in each pair
referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the referred to as the attribute nameattribute nameattribute nameattribute nameattribute nameattribute nameattribute nameattribute name and and and and and and and and
the content of thethe content of thethe content of thethe content of thethe content of thethe content of thethe content of thethe content of the
AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the (the text between the
'''''''' or or or or or or or or """""""" delimiters) delimiters) delimiters) delimiters) delimiters) delimiters) delimiters) delimiters)
as the as the as the as the as the as the as the as the attribute valueattribute valueattribute valueattribute valueattribute valueattribute valueattribute valueattribute value........
Unique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att SpecUnique Att Spec
No attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tagNo attribute name may appear more than once in the same start-tag
or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.or empty-element tag.
Attribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value TypeAttribute Value Type
The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type The attribute must have been declared; the value must be of the type
declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.declared for it.
(For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see (For attribute types, see .).).).).).).).)
No External Entity ReferencesNo External Entity ReferencesNo External Entity ReferencesNo External Entity ReferencesNo External Entity ReferencesNo External Entity ReferencesNo External Entity ReferencesNo External Entity References
Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references Attribute values cannot contain direct or indirect entity references
to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.to external entities.
No No No No No No No No <<<<<<<< in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values in Attribute Values
The The The The The The The The replacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement text of any entity of any entity of any entity of any entity of any entity of any entity of any entity of any entity
referred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attributereferred to directly or indirectly in an attribute
value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "value (other than "&&&&&&&<lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;lt;") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain") must not contain
a a a a a a a a <<<<<<<<........
An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:An example of a start-tag:
<<<<<<<<termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">termdef id="dt-dog" term="dog">
The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element The end of every element
that begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag mustthat begins with a start-tag must
be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an be marked by an end-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tagend-tag
containing a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in thecontaining a name that echoes the element's type as given in the
start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:start-tag:
End-tagEnd-tagEnd-tagEnd-tagEnd-tagEnd-tagEnd-tagEnd-tag
ETagETagETagETagETagETagETagETag
''''''''<<<<<<<</' /' /' /' /' /' /' /' NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
SSSSSSSS? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'
An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:An example of an end-tag:<<<<<<<</termdef>/termdef>/termdef>/termdef>/termdef>/termdef>/termdef>/termdef>
The The The The The The The The
texttexttexttexttexttexttexttext between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and between the start-tag and
end-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element'send-tag is called the element's
contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent::::::::
Content of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of ElementsContent of Elements
contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent
((((((((elementelementelementelementelementelementelementelement | | | | | | | | CharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharDataCharData
| | | | | | | | ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference | | | | | | | | CDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSectCDSect
| | | | | | | | PIPIPIPIPIPIPIPI | | | | | | | | CommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentCommentComment)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
If an element is If an element is If an element is If an element is If an element is If an element is If an element is If an element is emptyemptyemptyemptyemptyemptyemptyempty,,,,,,,,
it must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followedit must be represented either by a start-tag immediately followed
by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.by an end-tag or by an empty-element tag.
An An An An An An An An
empty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tagempty-element tag takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form: takes a special form:
Tags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty ElementsTags for Empty Elements
EmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTagEmptyElemTag
''''''''<<<<<<<<' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (SSSSSSSS
AttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttributeAttribute)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )* SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
'/'/'/'/'/'/'/'/>>>>>>>>''''''''
Empty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has noEmpty-element tags may be used for any element which has no
content, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keywordcontent, whether or not it is declared using the keyword
EMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTY........
For interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperability, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element, the empty-element
tag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which aretag must be used, and can only be used, for elements which are
declareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclareddeclared EMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTYEMPTY........
Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:Examples of empty elements:
<<<<<<<<IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"IMG align="left"
src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" /> src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" />
<<<<<<<<br>br>br>br>br>br>br>br><<<<<<<</br>/br>/br>/br>/br>/br>/br>/br>
<<<<<<<<br/>br/>br/>br/>br/>br/>br/>br/>
Element Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type DeclarationsElement Type Declarations
The The The The The The The The elementelementelementelementelementelementelementelement structure of an structure of an structure of an structure of an structure of an structure of an structure of an structure of an
XML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML documentXML document may, for may, for may, for may, for may, for may, for may, for may, for
validationvalidationvalidationvalidationvalidationvalidationvalidationvalidation purposes, purposes, purposes, purposes, purposes, purposes, purposes, purposes,
be constrainedbe constrainedbe constrainedbe constrainedbe constrainedbe constrainedbe constrainedbe constrained
using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.using element type and attribute-list declarations.
An element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element'sAn element type declaration constrains the element's
contentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontentcontent........
Element type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types canElement type declarations often constrain which element types can
appear as appear as appear as appear as appear as appear as appear as appear as childrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildren of the element. of the element. of the element. of the element. of the element. of the element. of the element. of the element.
At user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warningAt user option, an XML processor may issue a warning
when a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declarationwhen a declaration mentions an element type for which no declaration
is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.is provided, but this is not an error.
An An An An An An An An elementelementelementelementelementelementelementelement
type declarationtype declarationtype declarationtype declarationtype declarationtype declarationtype declarationtype declaration takes the form: takes the form: takes the form: takes the form: takes the form: takes the form: takes the form: takes the form:
Element Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type DeclarationElement Type Declaration
elementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdeclelementdecl
''''''''<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' !ELEMENT' SSSSSSSS
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
SSSSSSSS
contentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspec
SSSSSSSS? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'? '>'
contentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspeccontentspec
'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY' 'EMPTY'
| 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY' | 'ANY'
| | | | | | | | MixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixed
| | | | | | | | childrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildren
where the where the where the where the where the where the where the where the NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type gives the element type
being declared.being declared.being declared.being declared.being declared.being declared.being declared.being declared.
Unique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type DeclarationUnique Element Type Declaration
No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.No element type may be declared more than once.
Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:Examples of element type declarations:
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>!ELEMENT br EMPTY>
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|emph)* >
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >!ELEMENT %name.para; %content.para; >
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>!ELEMENT container ANY>
Element ContentElement ContentElement ContentElement ContentElement ContentElement ContentElement ContentElement Content
An element An element An element An element An element An element An element An element typetypetypetypetypetypetypetype has has has has has has has has
element contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement content when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that when elements of that
type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only type must contain only childchildchildchildchildchildchildchild
elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by elements (no character data), optionally separated by
white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal white space (characters matching the nonterminal
SSSSSSSS).).).).).).).).
In this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, theIn this case, the
constraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governingconstraint includes a content model, a simple grammar governing
the allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the childthe allowed types of the child
elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear. elements and the order in which they are allowed to appear.
The grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built onThe grammar is built on
content particles (content particles (content particles (content particles (content particles (content particles (content particles (content particles (cpcpcpcpcpcpcpcps), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names, s), which consist of names,
choice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, orchoice lists of content particles, or
sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:sequence lists of content particles:
Element-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content ModelsElement-content Models
childrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildrenchildren
((((((((choicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoice
| | | | | | | | seqseqseqseqseqseqseqseq) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?
cpcpcpcpcpcpcpcp
((((((((NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
| | | | | | | | choicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoice
| | | | | | | | seqseqseqseqseqseqseqseq) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?('?' | '*' | '+')?
choicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoice
'(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' SSSSSSSS? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp
( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( SSSSSSSS? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? cpcpcpcpcpcpcpcp )* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
SSSSSSSS? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'
seqseqseqseqseqseqseqseq
'(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' SSSSSSSS? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp ? cp
( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( SSSSSSSS? ',' ? ',' ? ',' ? ',' ? ',' ? ',' ? ',' ? ',' SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? cpcpcpcpcpcpcpcp )* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
SSSSSSSS? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'
where each where each where each where each where each where each where each where each NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may is the type of an element which may
appear as a appear as a appear as a appear as a appear as a appear as a appear as a appear as a childchildchildchildchildchildchildchild. . . . . . . .
Any contentAny contentAny contentAny contentAny contentAny contentAny contentAny content
particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the particle in a choice list may appear in the element contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement content at the location where at the location where at the location where at the location where at the location where at the location where at the location where at the location where
the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;the choice list appears in the grammar;
content particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must eachcontent particles occurring in a sequence list must each
appear in the appear in the appear in the appear in the appear in the appear in the appear in the appear in the element contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement contentelement content in the in the in the in the in the in the in the in the
order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list. order given in the list.
The optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governsThe optional character following a name or list governs
whether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur onewhether the element or the content particles in the list may occur one
or more (or more (or more (or more (or more (or more (or more (or more (++++++++), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (), zero or more (********), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or ), or zero or
one times (one times (one times (one times (one times (one times (one times (one times (????????). ). ). ). ). ). ). ).
The absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particleThe absence of such an operator means that the element or content particle
must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.must appear exactly once.
This syntaxThis syntaxThis syntaxThis syntaxThis syntaxThis syntaxThis syntaxThis syntax
and meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in thisand meaning are identical to those used in the productions in this
specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.specification.
The content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it isThe content of an element matches a content model if and only if it is
possible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying thepossible to trace out a path through the content model, obeying the
sequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element insequence, choice, and repetition operators and matching each element in
the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. the content against an element type in the content model. For compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibilityFor compatibility, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error, it is an error
if an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document canif an element in the document can
match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model.
For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see For more information, see ........
Proper Group/PE NestingProper Group/PE NestingProper Group/PE NestingProper Group/PE NestingProper Group/PE NestingProper Group/PE NestingProper Group/PE NestingProper Group/PE Nesting
Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity Parameter-entity
replacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement textreplacement text must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested must be properly nested
with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.with parenthetized groups.
That is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parenthesesThat is to say, if either of the opening or closing parentheses
in a in a in a in a in a in a in a in a choicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoice, , , , , , , , seqseqseqseqseqseqseqseq, or, or, or, or, or, or, or, or
MixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixed construct construct construct construct construct construct construct construct
is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a is contained in the replacement text for a
parameter entityparameter entityparameter entityparameter entityparameter entityparameter entityparameter entityparameter entity,,,,,,,,
both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.both must be contained in the same replacement text.
For interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperabilityFor interoperability, , , , , , , ,
if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a if a parameter-entity reference appears in a
choicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoicechoice, , , , , , , , seqseqseqseqseqseqseqseq, or, or, or, or, or, or, or, or
MixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixed construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text construct, its replacement text
should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and should not be empty, and
neither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blankneither the first nor last non-blank
character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector character of the replacement text should be a connector
((((((((|||||||| or or or or or or or or ,,,,,,,,).).).).).).).).
Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:Examples of element-content models:
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>!ELEMENT spec (front, body, back?)>
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>!ELEMENT div1 (head, (p | list | note)*, div2*)>
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>!ELEMENT dictionary-body (%div.mix; | %dict.mix;)*>
Mixed ContentMixed ContentMixed ContentMixed ContentMixed ContentMixed ContentMixed ContentMixed Content
An element An element An element An element An element An element An element An element
typetypetypetypetypetypetypetype has has has has has has has has
mixed contentmixed contentmixed contentmixed contentmixed contentmixed contentmixed contentmixed content when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain when elements of that type may contain
character data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed withcharacter data, optionally interspersed with
childchildchildchildchildchildchildchild elements. elements. elements. elements. elements. elements. elements. elements.
In this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elementsIn this case, the types of the child elements
may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:may be constrained, but not their order or their number of occurrences:
Mixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content DeclarationMixed-content Declaration
MixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixedMixed
'(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
'#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA''#PCDATA'
((((((((SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
'|' '|' '|' '|' '|' '|' '|' '|'
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
')*' ')*' ')*' ')*' ')*' ')*' ')*' ')*'
| '(' | '(' | '(' | '(' | '(' | '(' | '(' | '(' SSSSSSSS? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' ? '#PCDATA' SSSSSSSS? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'
where the where the where the where the where the where the where the where the NameNameNameNameNameNameNameNames give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elementss give the types of elements
that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.that may appear as children.
No Duplicate TypesNo Duplicate TypesNo Duplicate TypesNo Duplicate TypesNo Duplicate TypesNo Duplicate TypesNo Duplicate TypesNo Duplicate Types
The same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-contentThe same name must not appear more than once in a single mixed-content
declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.declaration.
Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:Examples of mixed content declarations:
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA|a|ul|b|i|em)*>
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >!ELEMENT p (#PCDATA | %font; | %phrase; | %special; | %form;)* >
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>!ELEMENT b (#PCDATA)>
Attribute-List DeclarationsAttribute-List DeclarationsAttribute-List DeclarationsAttribute-List DeclarationsAttribute-List DeclarationsAttribute-List DeclarationsAttribute-List DeclarationsAttribute-List Declarations
AttributesAttributesAttributesAttributesAttributesAttributesAttributesAttributes are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate are used to associate
name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with name-value pairs with elementselementselementselementselementselementselementselements........
Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within Attribute specifications may appear only within start-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tagsstart-tags
and and and and and and and and empty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tagsempty-element tags; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
thus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used tothus, the productions used to
recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in recognize them appear in . . . . . . . .
Attribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-listAttribute-list
declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:declarations may be used:
To define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a givenTo define the set of attributes pertaining to a given
element type.element type.element type.element type.element type.element type.element type.element type.
To establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for theseTo establish type constraints for these
attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.attributes.
To provide To provide To provide To provide To provide To provide To provide To provide default valuesdefault valuesdefault valuesdefault valuesdefault valuesdefault valuesdefault valuesdefault values
for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.for attributes.
Attribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarationsAttribute-list declarations specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default specify the name, data type, and default
value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:value (if any) of each attribute associated with a given element type:
Attribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list DeclarationAttribute-list Declaration
AttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDecl
''''''''<<<<<<<<!ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' !ATTLIST' SSSSSSSS
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
AttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDef********
SSSSSSSS? '? '? '? '? '? '? '? '>>>>>>>>''''''''
AttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDef
SSSSSSSS NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
SSSSSSSS AttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttType
SSSSSSSS DefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDecl
The The The The The The The The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in the in the in the in the in the in the in the in the
AttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDecl rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At rule is the type of an element. At
user option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes areuser option, an XML processor may issue a warning if attributes are
declared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not andeclared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not an
error. The error. The error. The error. The error. The error. The error. The error. The NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName in the in the in the in the in the in the in the in the
AttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDefAttDef rule is rule is rule is rule is rule is rule is rule is rule is
the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.the name of the attribute.
When more than one When more than one When more than one When more than one When more than one When more than one When more than one When more than one AttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDeclAttlistDecl is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a is provided for a
given element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. Whengiven element type, the contents of all those provided are merged. When
more than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of amore than one definition is provided for the same attribute of a
given element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and latergiven element type, the first declaration is binding and later
declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored. declarations are ignored.
For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability, writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs writers of DTDs
may choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declarationmay choose to provide at most one attribute-list declaration
for a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definitionfor a given element type, at most one attribute definition
for a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definitionfor a given attribute name, and at least one attribute definition
in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.in each attribute-list declaration.
For interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user optionFor interoperability, an XML processor may at user option
issue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration isissue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration is
provided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definitionprovided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definition
is provided is provided is provided is provided is provided is provided is provided is provided
for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.for a given attribute, but this is not an error.
Attribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute Types
XML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, aXML attribute types are of three kinds: a string type, a
set of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may takeset of tokenized types, and enumerated types. The string type may take
any literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexicalany literal string as a value; the tokenized types have varying lexical
and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:and semantic constraints, as noted:
Attribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute TypesAttribute Types
AttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttTypeAttType
StringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringType
| | | | | | | | TokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedType
| | | | | | | | EnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedType
StringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringTypeStringType
'CDATA''CDATA''CDATA''CDATA''CDATA''CDATA''CDATA''CDATA'
TokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedTypeTokenizedType
'ID''ID''ID''ID''ID''ID''ID''ID'
| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'| 'IDREF'
| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'| 'IDREFS'
| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'| 'ENTITY'
| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'| 'ENTITIES'
| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'| 'NMTOKEN'
| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'| 'NMTOKENS'
IDIDIDIDIDIDIDID
Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type IDIDIDIDIDIDIDID must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName production. production. production. production. production. production. production. production.
A name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once inA name must not appear more than once in
an XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquelyan XML document as a value of this type; i.e., ID values must uniquely
identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them. identify the elements which bear them.
One ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element TypeOne ID per Element Type
No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.No element type may have more than one ID attribute specified.
ID Attribute DefaultID Attribute DefaultID Attribute DefaultID Attribute DefaultID Attribute DefaultID Attribute DefaultID Attribute DefaultID Attribute Default
An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of An ID attribute must have a declared default of #IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED or or or or or or or or
#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED........
IDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREF
Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type IDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREF must match must match must match must match must match must match must match must match
the the the the the the the the NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName production, and production, and production, and production, and production, and production, and production, and production, and
values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type IDREFSIDREFSIDREFSIDREFSIDREFSIDREFSIDREFSIDREFS must match must match must match must match must match must match must match must match
NamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNames; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
each each each each each each each each NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on must match the value of an ID attribute on
some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. some element in the XML document; i.e. IDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREFIDREF values must values must values must values must values must values must values must values must
match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute. match the value of some ID attribute.
Entity NameEntity NameEntity NameEntity NameEntity NameEntity NameEntity NameEntity Name
Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type ENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITYENTITY
must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName production, production, production, production, production, production, production, production,
values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type ENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIESENTITIES must match must match must match must match must match must match must match must match
NamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNamesNames;;;;;;;;
each each each each each each each each NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName must must must must must must must must
match thematch thematch thematch thematch thematch thematch thematch the
name of an name of an name of an name of an name of an name of an name of an name of an unparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entityunparsed entity declared in the declared in the declared in the declared in the declared in the declared in the declared in the declared in the
DTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTDDTD........
Name TokenName TokenName TokenName TokenName TokenName TokenName TokenName Token
Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type Values of type NMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKENNMTOKEN must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the must match the
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken production; production; production; production; production; production; production; production;
values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type values of type NMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENSNMTOKENS must must must must must must must must
match match match match match match match match NmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokensNmtokens........
Enumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributesEnumerated attributes can take one can take one can take one can take one can take one can take one can take one can take one
of a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declarationof a list of values provided in the declaration. There are two. There are two. There are two. There are two. There are two. There are two. There are two. There are two
kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:kinds of enumerated types:
Enumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute TypesEnumerated Attribute Types
EnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedTypeEnumeratedType
NotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationType
| | | | | | | | EnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumeration
NotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationTypeNotationType
'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION' 'NOTATION'
SSSSSSSS
'(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '('
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName
((((((((SSSSSSSS? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NameNameNameNameNameNameNameName)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
SSSSSSSS? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'? ')'
EnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumeration
'(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' '(' SSSSSSSS????????
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken
((((((((SSSSSSSS? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|' ? '|'
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken)* )* )* )* )* )* )* )*
SSSSSSSS? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
')'')'')'')'')'')'')'')'
A A A A A A A A NOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATIONNOTATION attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a attribute identifies a
notationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotation, declared in the , declared in the , declared in the , declared in the , declared in the , declared in the , declared in the , declared in the
DTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, toDTD with associated system and/or public identifiers, to
be used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attributebe used in interpreting the element to which the attribute
is attached.is attached.is attached.is attached.is attached.is attached.is attached.is attached.
Notation AttributesNotation AttributesNotation AttributesNotation AttributesNotation AttributesNotation AttributesNotation AttributesNotation Attributes
Values of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must matchValues of this type must match
one of the one of the one of the one of the one of the one of the one of the one of the notationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotationnotation names included in names included in names included in names included in names included in names included in names included in names included in
the declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration mustthe declaration; all notation names in the declaration must
be declared.be declared.be declared.be declared.be declared.be declared.be declared.be declared.
EnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumerationEnumeration
Values of this typeValues of this typeValues of this typeValues of this typeValues of this typeValues of this typeValues of this typeValues of this type
must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the must match one of the NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the tokens in the
declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration. declaration.
For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability,For interoperability, the same the same the same the same the same the same the same the same
NmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtokenNmtoken should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the should not occur more than once in the
enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.enumerated attribute types of a single element type.
Attribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute Defaults
An An An An An An An An attribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declarationattribute declaration provides provides provides provides provides provides provides provides
information on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whetherinformation on whether
the attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor shouldthe attribute's presence is required, and if not, how an XML processor should
react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.react if a declared attribute is absent in a document.
Attribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute DefaultsAttribute Defaults
DefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDeclDefaultDecl
'#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED' '#REQUIRED'
|||||||| '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED' '#IMPLIED'
| (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? | (('#FIXED' S)? AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue))))))))
In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, In an attribute declaration, #REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED means that the means that the means that the means that the means that the means that the means that the means that the
attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, attribute must always be provided, #IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED that no default that no default that no default that no default that no default that no default that no default that no default
value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.value is provided.
If the If the If the If the If the If the If the If the
declarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclarationdeclaration
is neither is neither is neither is neither is neither is neither is neither is neither #REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED nor nor nor nor nor nor nor nor #IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED#IMPLIED, then the, then the, then the, then the, then the, then the, then the, then the
AttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValueAttValue value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared value contains the declared
defaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefaultdefault value; the value; the value; the value; the value; the value; the value; the value; the #FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that keyword states that
the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.the attribute must always have the default value.
If a default valueIf a default valueIf a default valueIf a default valueIf a default valueIf a default valueIf a default valueIf a default value
is declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, itis declared, when an XML processor encounters an omitted attribute, it
is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with is to behave as though the attribute were present with
the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.the declared default value.
Required AttributeRequired AttributeRequired AttributeRequired AttributeRequired AttributeRequired AttributeRequired AttributeRequired Attribute
If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword If the default declaration is the keyword #REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED#REQUIRED, then, then, then, then, then, then, then, then
the attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified forthe attribute must be specified for
all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.all elements of the type in the attribute-list declaration.
Attribute Default LegalAttribute Default LegalAttribute Default LegalAttribute Default LegalAttribute Default LegalAttribute Default LegalAttribute Default LegalAttribute Default Legal
The declaredThe declaredThe declaredThe declaredThe declaredThe declaredThe declaredThe declared
default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.default value must meet the lexical constraints of the declared attribute type.
Fixed Attribute DefaultFixed Attribute DefaultFixed Attribute DefaultFixed Attribute DefaultFixed Attribute DefaultFixed Attribute DefaultFixed Attribute DefaultFixed Attribute Default
If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the If an attribute has a default value declared with the
#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED#FIXED keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must keyword, instances of that attribute must
match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.match the default value.
Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:Examples of attribute-list declarations:
<<<<<<<<!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef!ATTLIST termdef
id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED id ID #REQUIRED
name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED> name CDATA #IMPLIED>
<<<<<<<<!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list!ATTLIST list
type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered"> type (bullets|ordered|glossary) "ordered">
<<<<<<<<!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form!ATTLIST form
method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST"> method CDATA #FIXED "POST">
Attribute-Value NormalizationAttribute-Value NormalizationAttribute-Value NormalizationAttribute-Value NormalizationAttribute-Value NormalizationAttribute-Value NormalizationAttribute-Value NormalizationAttribute-Value Normalization
Before the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the applicationBefore the value of an attribute is passed to the application
or checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, theor checked for validity, the
XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:XML processor must normalize it as follows:
a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced a character reference is processed by appending the referenced
character to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute valuecharacter to the attribute value
an entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing thean entity reference is processed by recursively processing the
replacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entityreplacement text of the entity
a whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed bya whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed by
appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20
is appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an externalis appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an external
parsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsedparsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsed
entityentityentityentityentityentityentityentity
other characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalizedother characters are processed by appending them to the normalized
valuevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevalue
If the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor mustIf the declared value is not CDATA, then the XML processor must
further process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding anyfurther process the normalized attribute value by discarding any
leading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacingleading and trailing space (#x20) characters, and by replacing
sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)sequences of space (#x20) characters by a single space (#x20)
character.character.character.character.character.character.character.character.
All attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treatedAll attributes for which no declaration has been read should be treated
by a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declaredby a non-validating parser as if declared
CDATACDATACDATACDATACDATACDATACDATACDATA........
Conditional SectionsConditional SectionsConditional SectionsConditional SectionsConditional SectionsConditional SectionsConditional SectionsConditional Sections
Conditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sectionsConditional sections are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the are portions of the
document type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subsetdocument type declaration external subset
which are which are which are which are which are which are which are which are
included in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based onincluded in, or excluded from, the logical structure of the DTD based on
the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.the keyword which governs them.
Conditional SectionConditional SectionConditional SectionConditional SectionConditional SectionConditional SectionConditional SectionConditional Section
conditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSectconditionalSect
includeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSect
| | | | | | | | ignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSect
includeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSectincludeSect
''''''''<<<<<<<<![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '[' ![' S? 'INCLUDE' S? '['
extSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDeclextSubsetDecl
']]']]']]']]']]']]']]']]>>>>>>>>''''''''
ignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSectignoreSect
''''''''<<<<<<<<![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '[' ![' S? 'IGNORE' S? '['
ignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContents********
']]']]']]']]']]']]']]']]>>>>>>>>''''''''
ignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContents
IgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnore
('('('('('('('('<<<<<<<<![' ![' ![' ![' ![' ![' ![' ![' ignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContentsignoreSectContents ']] ']] ']] ']] ']] ']] ']] ']]>>>>>>>>' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
IgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnore)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*
IgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnoreIgnore
CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * -
((((((((CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar* ('* ('* ('* ('* ('* ('* ('* ('<<<<<<<<![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]![' | ']]>>>>>>>>') ') ') ') ') ') ') ')
CharCharCharCharCharCharCharChar*)*)*)*)*)*)*)*)
Like the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional sectionLike the internal and external DTD subsets, a conditional section
may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,may contain one or more complete declarations,
comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions, comments, processing instructions,
or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.or nested conditional sections, intermingled with white space.
If the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of theIf the keyword of the
conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is conditional section is INCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDE, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional, then the contents of the conditional
section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.section are part of the DTD.
If the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditionalIf the keyword of the conditional
section is section is section is section is section is section is section is section is IGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNORE, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are, then the contents of the conditional section are
not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.not logically part of the DTD.
Note that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignoredNote that for reliable parsing, the contents of even ignored
conditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order toconditional sections must be read in order to
detect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of thedetect nested conditional sections and ensure that the end of the
outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.outermost (ignored) conditional section is properly detected.
If a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with aIf a conditional section with a
keyword of keyword of keyword of keyword of keyword of keyword of keyword of keyword of INCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDEINCLUDE occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional occurs within a larger conditional
section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of section with a keyword of IGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNOREIGNORE, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the, both the outer and the
inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.inner conditional sections are ignored.
If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a If the keyword of the conditional section is a
parameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by itsparameter-entity reference, the parameter entity must be replaced by its
content before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether tocontent before the processor decides whether to
include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.include or ignore the conditional section.
An example:An example:An example:An example:An example:An example:An example:An example:
<<<<<<<<!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >!ENTITY % draft 'INCLUDE' >
<<<<<<<<!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >!ENTITY % final 'IGNORE' >
<<<<<<<<![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[![%draft;[
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (comments*, title, body, supplements?)>
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>>>>>>>>
<<<<<<<<![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[![%final;[
<<<<<<<<!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>!ELEMENT book (title, body, supplements?)>
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]>>>>>>>>